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Automatic Threat Detection for Historic Buildings in Dark Places Based on the Modified OptD Method

Abstract

Historic buildings, due to their architectural, cultural, and historical value, are the subject of preservation and conservatory works. Such operations are preceded by an inventory of the object. One of the tools that can be applied for such purposes is Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). This technology provides information about the position, reflection, and intensity values of individual points; thus, it allows for the creation of a realistic visualization of the entire scanned object. Due to the fact that LiDAR allows one to ʹseeʹ and extract information about the structure of an object without the need for external lighting or daylight, it can be a reliable and very convenient tool for data analysis for improving safety and avoiding disasters. The main goal of this paper is to present an approach of automatic wall defect detection in unlit sites by means of a modified Optimum Dataset (OptD) method. In this study, the results of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) measurements conducted in two historic buildings in rooms without daylight are presented. One location was in the basement of the ruins of a medieval tower located in Dobre Miasto, Poland, and the second was in the basement of a century‐old building located at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. The measurements were performed by means of a Leica C‐10 scanner. The acquired dataset of x, y, z, and intensity was processed by the OptD method. The OptD operates in such a way that within the area of interest where surfaces are imperfect (e.g., due to cracks and cavities), more points are preserved, while at homogeneous surfaces (areas of low interest), more points are removed (redundant information). The OptD algorithm was additionally modified by introducing options to detect and segment defects on a scale from 0 to 3 (0—harmless, 1—to the inventory, 2—requiring repair, 3—dangerous). The survey results obtained proved the high effectiveness of the modified OptD method in the detection and segmentation of the wall defects. The values of area of changes were calculated. The obtained information about the size of the change can be used to estimate the costs of repair, renovation, and reconstruction.

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Authors (6)

  • Photo of dr inż. Wioleta Błaszczak-bąk

    Wioleta Błaszczak-bąk dr inż.

    • Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  • Photo of Czesław Suchocki

    Czesław Suchocki

    • Faculty of Civil Engineering Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Śniadeckich 2, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland
  • Photo of dr inż. Joanna Janicka

    Joanna Janicka dr inż.

    • Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  • Photo of Andrzej Dumalski

    Andrzej Dumalski

    • Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  • Photo of Robert Duchnowski

    Robert Duchnowski

    • Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  • Photo of dr inż. Anna Sobieraj-Żłobińska

    Anna Sobieraj-Żłobińska dr inż.

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Category:
Articles
Type:
artykuły w czasopismach
Published in:
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information no. 9, pages 1 - 15,
ISSN: 2220-9964
Language:
English
Publication year:
2020
Bibliographic description:
Błaszczak-Bąk W., Suchocki C., Janicka J., Dumalski A., Duchnowski R., Sobieraj-Żłobińska A.: Automatic Threat Detection for Historic Buildings in Dark Places Based on the Modified OptD Method// ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information -Vol. 9,iss. 2 (2020), s.1-15
DOI:
Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.3390/ijgi9020123
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