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Development of a vortex-assisted switchable-hydrophilicity solvent-based liquid phase microextraction for fast and reliable extraction of Zn (II), Fe (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) from various baby food products
Abstract
This manuscript describes the development of a novel liquid phase microextraction (LPME) method for the extraction and determination of Zn (II), Fe (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) in various infant/baby food and supplements products. The method is based on vortex-assisted extraction combined with a switchable-hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) sample preparation. The SHS, which undergoes reversible phase changes triggered by pH change, enables selective extraction and easy phase separation. A flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used in the final determination step. Optimization studies revealed, that the optimal pH of the sample solution (after digestion) during analytes extraction is 5.5. A l-proline is added to the sample (375 mM) to ensure the complexation of the target metal cations. After the complexation step, 750 µL of SHS - a N, N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine along with 0.9 mL of 2 M of acetic acid solution is added (hydrophilicity switch-on stage) and mixed manually to obtain a homogeneous solution. In the last stage, 0.45 mL of 10 M NaOH solution (hydrophilicity switch-off stage) is added to the sample solution and a vortex for 100 s is applied to ensure the effective extraction and separation of the complex containing the analytes. At this stage, a cloudy solution is immediately obtained. Finally, the effective phase separation is obtained at the centrifugation step (4000 rpm for 2 mins). The method limit of detection was as 0.03, 0.009, 0.6, and 0.2 ng/L for Zn (II), Fe (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) respectively with RSD% below 2.0 %. The analysis of certified reference materials and real samples proved the full applicability of the method for routine analysis, contributing to the field of heavy metal analysis and ensuring the safety of baby products. According to the AGREE methodology, this method can be named as green analytical chemistry method with a score of 0.77.
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Authors (7)
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Adil Elik
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
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Gursel Isci
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Turkey
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Merve Ekici
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Turkey
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Nevcihan Gürsoy
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
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Nail Altunay
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
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Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
-
FOOD CHEMISTRY
no. 447,
ISSN: 0308-8146 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2024
- Bibliographic description:
- Ul Haq H., Elik A., Isci G., Ekici M., Gürsoy N., Boczkaj G., Altunay N.: Development of a vortex-assisted switchable-hydrophilicity solvent-based liquid phase microextraction for fast and reliable extraction of Zn (II), Fe (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) from various baby food products// FOOD CHEMISTRY -Vol. 447, (2024), s.139024-
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139024
- Sources of funding:
-
- Free publication
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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