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Hybrid constructed wetlands for the National Parks in Poland - a case study, requirements, dimensioning, preliminary results
Abstract
Water and wastewater management, especially in rural areas, greatly affects loads of nutrients discharged to the Baltic Sea. In Poland, this management is unbalanced because of the dispersed development and in many locations con struction of sewerage system is uneconomic or even impossible. For this reason, a significant part of sewage from single-family houses in rural areas must be discharged into domestic sewage systems. The aim of this paper was to analyze the data concerning the Baltic Sea catchment area as well as to present some current results of research on wastewater management mainly in rural areas. Small on-site wastewater treatment plants are usually defined as facilities serving up to 50 people. Depending on the law, their maximum capacity is set at 5 m 3 d_1 (according to the Polish Act of Water Law). In rural areas, treatment wetlands seem to be especially useful as on-site wastewater treatment plants. The study indicates the high efficiency of pollutants removal in treatment wetlands, namely, hybrid treatment wetlands with at least two stages of treatment. High treatment efficiency is very important for the protection of the Baltic Sea. The reliability assessment based on Weibull distributions allows for the risk assessment of exceeding the limit values of pollutants in treated wastewater. Very good reliability was observed for TN and COD (303 and 292 day per year, respectively), while reliability for BOD5 and TSS was weaker (219 and 153 day per year, respectively). Proper design and operation of treatment wetland facilities are important in order to achieve a good quality of effluent in the interests of Baltic Sea protection.
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Authors (10)
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Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski dr hab
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy
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Michał Marzec dr
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy
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Magdalena Gizińska-Górna
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy
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Aneta Pytka mgr
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy
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Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko dr
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy
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Bozena Sosnowska
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Food Commodity
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Stanisław Baran
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin Faculty of Agrobioengineering, Institute of Soil Science, Engineering and Environmental Engineering
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Arkadiusz Malik mgr inż
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy
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Robert Kufel
- Ceramika Kufel” Krasnik .
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Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Monographic publication
- Type:
- rozdział, artykuł w książce - dziele zbiorowym /podręczniku w języku o zasięgu międzynarodowym
- Title of issue:
- Natural and Constructed Wetlands Nutrients: heavy metals and energy cycling, and flow strony 247 - 267
- Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Bibliographic description:
- Jóźwiakowski K., Gajewska M., Marzec M., Gizińska-Górna M., Pytka A., Kowalczyk-Juśko A., Sosnowska B., Baran S., Malik A., Kufel R.: Hybrid constructed wetlands for the National Parks in Poland - a case study, requirements, dimensioning, preliminary results// Natural and Constructed Wetlands Nutrients: heavy metals and energy cycling, and flow/ ed. Jan Vymazal : Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016, 2016, s.247-267
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1007/978-3-319-38927-1
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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