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Performance assessment of disposable carbon-based immunosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections
Abstract
We designed, developed, and clinically tested two rapid antigen-based immunosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection, enabling diagnosis and viral load quantification for under USD $2. In a first clinical study, a screen-printed disposable carbon-based (SPC) sensor was assessed on prospectively recruited adult participants classified into three study groups: healthy donors (n = 46); SARS-CoV-2-infected symptomatic patients (n = 58); and co-habitants of patients without prior testing (n = 38). Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NA), oropharyngeal swabs (OS), and saliva (SA) samples were obtained from all participants. Performance was measured in terms of clinical sensitivity and specificity against a reference diagnostic RT-qPCR kit and analytical sensitivity (limit of detection, LoD) and specificity using recombinant material in lab tests. A second study was performed using the same sensor design, albeit with laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes, using nasopharyngeal swabs (NS) on 224 patient samples obtained at different stages of the pandemic, of which 110 tested negative and 114 positive via RT-qPCR. We find OS was the most informative sample, when compared to NA and SA. The SPC-based sensors had a 93.8% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity with OS samples, while the LIG-based sensors with NS had a lower sensitivity of 68.93%, albeit a significantly higher specificity of 86.17%. We believe specificity values for the SPC sensors were driven by positive results from co-habitants and healthy donors and were affected by the low sensitivity (75.5%) and high LoD (> 20,000 viral copies/mL) of the reference RT-qPCR kit used, and the lower sensitivity of the LIG-based was due to a reduced set of effective antigen-binding sites caused by the non-covalent LIG-mAb ligands used. The immunosensor’s LoD to spike protein in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for both types of sensors was near 1 fg/mL and showed no cross-reactivity to recombinant structural proteins of Epstein-Barr and Influenza. Performance metrics and time-to-result (5 < 12 min) provide proof-of-principle of the immunosensor’s applicability as a low-cost, rapid technology for determining SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Authors (16)
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Olga L. Agudelo
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Vanessa Reyes-Loaiza
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Lina Giraldo-Parra
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Mariana Rosales-Chilama
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Sammy Perdomo
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María Adelaida Gómez
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John W. Rodriguez
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Viviana Ortega
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Carlos F. Daza Rivera
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Diana Galindo
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Drochss P. Valencia
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Mauricio Quimbaya
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Simón Plata
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Fernando Rosso
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Andres Jaramillo-Botero
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Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
-
Scientific Reports
no. 15,
ISSN: 2045-2322 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2025
- Bibliographic description:
- Agudelo O. L., Reyes-Loaiza V., Giraldo-Parra L., Rosales-Chilama M., Perdomo S., Gómez M. A., Rodriguez J. W., Ortega V., Daza Rivera C. F., Galindo D., Valencia D. P., Quimbaya M., Plata S., Bogdanowicz R., Rosso F., Jaramillo-Botero A.: Performance assessment of disposable carbon-based immunosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections// Scientific Reports -,iss. 15 (2025),
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1038/s41598-025-92104-7
- Sources of funding:
-
- Free publication
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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