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Pharmaceuticals wastewater treatment via different advanced oxidation processes: Reaction mechanism, operational factors, toxicities, and cost evaluation – A review
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals comprises different drugs used for treating different infections in human being and animals. The huge quantities of pharmaceuticals used are found to discharge into different water resources and cause different health and environmental problems. The continuous and large-scale discharge of pharmaceuticals increases their persistency which can consequently make them more toxic. The different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were found to effectively treat pharmaceuticals contaminated water. The AOPs showed high efficiency in the treatment of acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, metronidazole. ciprofloxacin. sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, amoxicillin, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, and tetracycline. The pharmaceuticals, amitrole, norfloxacin, atenolol, chloramphenicol, berberine, diclofenac, and sulfadiazine showed persistency to some AOPs. The AOPs yield different reactive radicals with predominantly hydroxyl radical (•OH)- and sulfate radical (SO4•−) which showed fast reactivity with pharmaceuticals. Different mechanistic approaches were systematically reviewed which verify the yield, reactivities, and degradation pathways of •OH and SO4•−. Different factors, such as pH, dose of peroxides and activators, level of pharmaceuticals contamination, and common inorganic anions were found to influence the effectiveness of AOPs. The effectiveness of the AOPs in term of cost and detoxification of target pharmaceuticals suggested to select preferably AOPs which are economical and form non-toxic and/or less toxic products. The different challenges, such as treatment of mixture of pharmaceuticals and treatment in real wastewater which can further increase potential of treatment are discussed.
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Authors (10)
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Jibran Iqbal
- Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Noor S. Shah
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan
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Javed Ali
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Mu. Naushad
- King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Farrukh Jamil
- University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Shamshad Khan
- Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China
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Long Li
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Behzad Murtaza
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus 61100, Pakistan
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Changseok Han
- INHA University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
-
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
no. 347,
ISSN: 1383-5866 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2024
- Bibliographic description:
- Iqbal J., Shah N. S., Ali J., Naushad M., Boczkaj G., Jamil F., Khan S., Li L., Murtaza B., Han C.: Pharmaceuticals wastewater treatment via different advanced oxidation processes: Reaction mechanism, operational factors, toxicities, and cost evaluation – A review// SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY -Vol. 347, (2024), s.127458-
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127458
- Sources of funding:
-
- Free publication
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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