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Synergistic Effects of Propolis Combined with 2-Phenoxyethanol and Antipyretics on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to assess the combinational effect of commonly usedantipyretics and antiseptics with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEPs) on the growth inhibition ofStaphylococcus aureus. The broth microdilution checkerboard assay revealed synergistic interactionsbetween all investigated antipyretics, namely acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen,with EEPs samples. The values of the fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC) index for all thesecombinations were <0.5. While, in the case of considered antiseptics, namely chlorhexidine, octenidinedihydrochloride, and 2-phenoxyethanol, the positive interaction was confirmed only for the last one(values ofΣFIC in the range 0.0625–0.25). Combinations of two other agents with all four samples ofEEPs resulted in an important antagonistic effect (values ofΣFIC≥4.5). Propolis is mostly dedicatedto the treatment of skin/wound infections; thus, these findings are of particular practical importance.The outcomes of the study also support the hypothesis that the propolis’s antimicrobial effect is dueto the combined (synergistic) action of several ingredients rather than the presence of one componentof high antibacterial activity. The composition of 13 ingredients of EEPs (at a concentration belowthe MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of the most active agent) exhibited considerably highanti-staphylococcal efficiency with MIC = 128μg/mL.
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- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
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Pharmaceutics
no. 13,
ISSN: 1999-4923 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Bibliographic description:
- Grecka K., Szweda P.: Synergistic Effects of Propolis Combined with 2-Phenoxyethanol and Antipyretics on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus// Pharmaceutics -Vol. 13,iss. 2 (2021), s.215-
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020215
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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