The Effect of Flexible Pavement Mechanics on the Accuracy of Axle Load Sensors in Vehicle Weigh-in-Motion Systems - Publication - Bridge of Knowledge

Search

The Effect of Flexible Pavement Mechanics on the Accuracy of Axle Load Sensors in Vehicle Weigh-in-Motion Systems

Abstract

Weigh-in-Motion systems are tools to prevent road pavements from the adverse phenomena of vehicle overloading. However, the effectiveness of these systems can be significantly increased by improving weighing accuracy, which is now insufficient for direct enforcement of overloaded vehicles. Field tests show that the accuracy of Weigh-in-Motion axle load sensors installed in the flexible (asphalt) pavements depends on pavement temperature and vehicle speeds. Although this is a known phenomenon, it has not been explained yet. The aim of our study is to fill this gap in the knowledge. The explanation of this phenomena which is presented in the paper is based on pavement/sensors mechanics and the application of the multilayer elastic half-space theory. We show that differences in the distribution of vertical and horizontal stresses in the pavement structure are the cause of vehicle weight measurement errors. These studies are important in terms ofWeigh-in-Motion systems for direct enforcement and will help to improve the weighing results accuracy.

Citations

  • 4 2

    CrossRef

  • 0

    Web of Science

  • 4 4

    Scopus

Authors (2)

Cite as

Full text

download paper
downloaded 66 times
Publication version
Accepted or Published Version
License
Creative Commons: CC-BY open in new tab

Keywords

Details

Category:
Articles
Type:
artykuł w czasopiśmie wyróżnionym w JCR
Published in:
SENSORS no. 17, pages 1 - 17,
ISSN: 1424-8220
Language:
English
Publication year:
2017
Bibliographic description:
Burnos P., Ryś D.: The Effect of Flexible Pavement Mechanics on the Accuracy of Axle Load Sensors in Vehicle Weigh-in-Motion Systems// SENSORS-BASEL. -Vol. 17, nr. 9 (2017), s.1-17
DOI:
Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.3390/s17092053
Bibliography: test
  1. Burnos, P.; Gajda, J.; Sroka, R. Application of vehicle's Weigh-in-Motion systems to enforcement. In Proceedings of the 2016 5th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Logistics and Transport, Krakow, Poland, 1-3 June 2016; pp. 61-66.
  2. Scheuter, F. Evaluation of Factors Affecting WIM System Accuracy. In Proceedings of the Second European Conference on COST 323 WIM Weigh in Motion of Road Vehicles, Lisbon, Portugal, 14-16 Septermber 1998.
  3. Lawrence, K. Sensor Technologies and Data Requirements for ITS Applications; Artech House ITS Library: Norwood, MA, USA, 2001. open in new tab
  4. Malla, R.; Sen, A.; Garrick, N. A Special Fiber Optic Sensor for Measuring Wheel Loads of Vehicles on Highways. Sensors 2008, 8, 2551-2568. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
  5. Burnos, P.; Gajda, J. Thermal Property Analysis of Axle Load Sensors for Weighing Vehicles in Weigh-in- Motion System. Sensors 2016, 16, 2143. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
  6. Doupal, E.; Caldarara, R. Combined LS/HS WIM Systems for Law Enforcement and Toll Road Applications. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Heavy Vehicles, 5th International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion of Heavy Vehicles, Paris, France, 19-22 May 2008; pp. 369-376. open in new tab
  7. Oskarbski, J.; Kaszubowski, D. Implementation of Weigh-in-Motion System in Freight Traffic Management in Urban Areas. Transp. Res. Procedia 2016, 16, 449-463. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  8. Jacob, B.; Loo, H. Weigh-in-motion for enforcement in europe. In Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Heavy Vehicle Transportation Technology, Paris, France, 19-22 May 2008; pp. 15-24. Available online: http://road-transport-technology.org/conferenceproceedings/hvtt-10/ (accessed on 4 September 2017).
  9. Fiorillo, G.; Ghosn, M. Procedure for Statistical Categorization of Overweight Vehicles in a WIM Database. J. Transp. Eng. 2014, 140, 4014011. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  10. Budzyński, M.; Rys, D.; Kustra, W. Selected problems of transport in port towns-Ttri-City. Pol. Marit. Res. 2017, 24, 16-24. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  11. Rys, D.; Judycki, J.; Jaskula, P. Analysis of effect of overloaded vehicles on fatigue life of flexible pavements based on weigh in motion (WIM) data. Int. J. Pavement Eng. 2016, 17, 716-726. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  12. Stephens, J.; Carson, J.; Hult, D.A.; Bisom, D. Preservation of infrastructure by using weigh-in-motion coordinated weight enforcement. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board 2003, 1855, 143-150. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  13. Pais, J.C.; Amorim, S.I.R.; Minhoto, M.J.C. Impact of Traffic Overload on Road Pavement Performance. ASCE J. Transp. Eng. 2013, 139, 873-879. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  14. Rys, D.; Judycki, J.; Jaskula, P. Determination of Vehicles Load Equivalency Factors for Polish Catalogue of Typical Flexible and Semi-rigid Pavement Structures. Transp. Res. Procedia 2016, 14, 2382-2391. [CrossRef] Sensors 2017, 17, 2053 open in new tab
  15. Taylor, B.; Bergan, A.; Lindgren, N.; Berthelot, C. The importance of commercial vehicle weight enformcement in safety and road asset management. In Proceedings of the Traffic Technology International Conference (2000 Annual Review), January 2000; pp. 234-237. Available online: http://engrwww.usask.ca/entropy/tc/ publications/pdf/irdtraffictechwhyweighv2finalpostedpdf.pdf (accessed on 4 September 2017). open in new tab
  16. Rys, D.; Judycki, J.; Jaskula, J. Impact of overloaded vehicles on load equivalency factors and service period of flexible pavements. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Athens, Greece, 28-30 June 2017; pp. 459-465. open in new tab
  17. Judycki, J.; Jaskuła, P.; Pszczoła, M.; Rys, D.; Jaczewski, M.; Alenowicz, J.; Stienss, M. Analysis and Design of Flexible and Semiridig Pavement Structue (Analizy i Projektowanie Konstrukcji Nawierzchni Podatnych i Półsztywnych); WKL: Warsaw, Poland, 2014. open in new tab
  18. Soós, Z.; Tóth, C.; Bóka, D. Determination of load equivalency factors by statistical analysis of weigh-in- motion data. Baltic J. Road Bridge Eng. 2016, 11, 266-273. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  19. Zhao, J.; Tabatabai, H. Evaluation of a Permit Vehicle Model Using Weigh-in-Motion Truck Records. J. Bridge. Eng. 2012, 17, 389-392. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  20. Papagiannakis, A.T.; Johnston, E.C.; Alavi, S. Fatigue performance of piezoelectric Weigh-in-Motion sensors. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board 2001, 1769, 95-102. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  21. Papagiannakis, A.T.; Johnston, E.C.; Alavi, S.; Mactutis, J.A. Laboratory and field evaluation of piezoelectric Weigh-in-Motion sensors. J. Test. Eval. 2001, 29. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  22. Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center (HITEC). Evaluation of Measurement Specialties, Inc. Piezoelectric Weigh-In-Motion Sensors; Report No. CERF No. 40587; American Society of Civil Engineers: Reston, VA, USA, 2001. open in new tab
  23. Jiang, X.; Vaziri, S.H.; Haas, C.; Rothenburg, L.; Kennepohl, G.; Haas, R. Improvements in piezoelectric sensors and WIM data collection technology. In Proceedings of the 2009 Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 18-21 October 2009. open in new tab
  24. Vaziri, S.H. Investigation of Environmental Impacts on Piezoelectric Weigh-In-Motion Sensing System. Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, 2011.
  25. Vaziri, S.H.; Haas, C.; Rothenburg, L.; Haas, R.; Jiang, X. Investigation of the effects of air temperature and speed on performance of piezoelectric weigh-in-motion systems. Can. J. Civ. Eng. 2013, 40, 935-944. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  26. Burnos, P.; Gajda, J.; Piwowar, P.; Sroka, R.; Stencel, M.; Zeglen, T. Accurate weighing of moving vehicles. Metrol. Meas. Syst. 2007, 14, 507-516.
  27. Burnos, P. Auto-calibration and temperature correction of WIM systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Heavy Vehicles, 5th International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion of Heavy Vehicles, Paris, France, 20 May 2008; open in new tab
  28. Jacob, B., O'Brien, E., Eds.; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2009; pp. 437-446.
  29. Gajda, J.; Sroka, R.; Stencel, M.; Zeglen, T.; Piwowar, P.; Burnos, P. Analysis of the temperature influences on the metrological properties of polymer piezoelectric load sensors applied in Weigh-in-Motion systems. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), Graz, Austria, 13-16 May 2012; pp. 772-775. open in new tab
  30. Otto, G.; Simonin, J.; Piau, J.M.; Momm, L. Study of WIM sensor electro-mechanical behavior: A model in the frequency domain. In Proceedings of the ICWIM7 7th International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion & PIARC Workshop, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, 7-10 November 2016; open in new tab
  31. Franziska, S., Jacob, B., Eds.; Ifsttar: Paris, France, 2016.
  32. Hornych, P.; Jean-Michel, S.; Jean-Michel, P.; Louis-Marie, C.; Ivan, G. Evaluation of Weigh in Motion sensors on the IFSTTAR accelerated testing facility. In Proceedings of the ICWIM7 7th International Conference on Weigh-in-Motion & PIARC Workshop, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, 7-10 November 2016; Franziska, S., Jacob, B., Eds.; Ifsttar: Paris, France, 2016. open in new tab
  33. TE Connectivity Webiste. Available online: http://www.te.com/usa-en/home.html (accessed on 4 September 2017). open in new tab
  34. Kistler Webiste: Kistler | Measuring Systems and Sensors. Available online: https://www.kistler.com/pl/en/ (accessed on 4 September 2017).
  35. Yang, H.H. Pavement Analysis and Design; Prentice Hall: Bergen, NJ, USA, 1993.
  36. Nagorski, R. Mechanics of Highway Pavements (Mechanika nawierzchni Drogowych); PWN: Ratajczata, Poland, 2014.
  37. Li, J.; Zofka, A.; Yut, I. Evaluation of dynamic modulus of typical asphalt mixtures in Northeast US Region. Road Mater. Pavement Des. 2012, 13, 249-265. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  38. Jaczewski, M.; Judycki, J.; Jaskula, P. Modelling of Asphalt Mixes under Long Time Creep at Low Temperatures. Transp. Res. Procedia 2016, 14, 3527-3535. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  39. Shook, J.F.; Kallas, B.F. Factors influencing dynamic modulus of asphalt concrete. J. Assoc. Asph. Paving Technol. 1969, 38, 140-178.
  40. Robinette, C.J.; Breakah, T.M.; Williams, R.C.; Bausano, J.P. Evaluation of the Variability of |E*| with Field Procured Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Mixtures. Road Mater. Pavement Des. 2010, 11, 559-582. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  41. Stienss, M.; Mejlun, L.; Judycki, J. Influence of selected WMA additives on viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixes and pavements. Int. J. Pavement Eng. 2016, 8436, 1-12. [CrossRef] open in new tab
  42. Witczak, M.W. Simple Performance Tests: Summary of Recommended Methods and Database. Environmental Protection. 2005. Available online: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_547.pdf (accessed on 4 September 2017). open in new tab
  43. Jacob, B.; O'Brien, E.; Jehaes, S. COST 323: Weigh-in-Motion of Road Vehicles-Final Report; open in new tab
  44. Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussees: Paris, France, 2002.
Verified by:
Gdańsk University of Technology

seen 107 times

Recommended for you

Meta Tags