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• The treatment of wastewater containing pharmaceuticals in microcosm constructed wetlands: the occurrence of integrons (int1–2) and associated resistance genes (sul1–3, qacEΔ1)

  Publication

  • M. Nowrotek
  • E. Kotlarska
  • A. Łuczkiewicz
  • E. Felis
  • A. Sochacki
  • K. Miksch

  - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH - Year 2017

  The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1–3) and other genetic elements as antiseptic resistance gene (qacEΔ1) and class 1 and class 2 integrons (int1–2) in the upper layer of substrate and in the effluent of microcosm constructed wetlands (CWs) treating artificial wastewater containing diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), which is a sulfonamide antibiotic. The bacteria in the substrate...

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