W czasach Oświecenia rozwija się ruch emancypacyjny kobiet. Istotny wpływ na kształtowanie opinii publicznej miały wtedy salony prowadzone przez damy z towarzystwa oraz wpływowe kobiety w otoczeniu polityków. Orędownikiem podmiotowości kobiet był m. in. Denis Diderot a zwolenikiem ich udziału w życiu politycznym Jean Antoine Nicolas de Condorcet. Uchwalona w 1789 r. Deklaracja Praw Człowieka i Obywatela skierowana była wyłącznie...

I provide a guide to Gdańsk (Danzig) and some of its suburbs, focusing on sites of particular interest to physicists. These include the Town Hall with the old Gdańsk standards of length at its entrance, the solar dial of 1588 on its corner, and its bell tower; the Naturalists Society; the medieval harbor crane; the medieval astronomical clock in St. Mary's Church; the late nineteenth-century lighthouse and time ball; and sites...

The rotor-router mechanism was introduced as a deterministic alternative to the random walk in undirected graphs. In this model, a set of k identical walkers is deployed in parallel, starting from a chosen subset of nodes, and moving around the graph in synchronous steps. During the process, each node successively propagates walkers visiting it along its outgoing arcs in round-robin fashion, according to a fixed ordering. We consider...

The rotor-router mechanism was introduced as a deterministic alternative to the random walk in undirected graphs. In this model, a set of k identical walkers is deployed in parallel, starting from a chosen subset of nodes, and moving around the graph in synchronous steps. During the process, each node maintains a cyclic ordering of its outgoing arcs, and successively propagates walkers which visit it along its outgoing arcs in...

The central limit theorem and law of the iterated logarithm for Markov chains corresponding to random walks on the space Homeo(S1) of circle homeomorphisms for centered Lipschitz functions and every starting point are proved.