Abstract
Music analysis and processing aims at understanding information retrieved from music (Music Information Retrieval). For the purpose of music data mining, machine learning (ML) methods or statistical approach are employed. Their primary task is recognition of musical instrument sounds, music genre or emotion contained in music, identification of audio, assessment of audio content, etc. In terms of computational approach, music databases contain imprecise, vague and indiscernible data objects. Moreover, most of the machine learning algorithms outcomes are given as a black-box result. Also, underfitting or overfitting may occur, meaning that either the model description is not complex enough or the test set is too small or not sufficiently representative. Thus the goal is to generalize the model. To overcome some of these problems, rule-based systems may be used, e.g., based on rough set theory that shows the outcome in the form of rules interconnecting features retrieved from music. Thus, first, principles of rule-based classifiers and particularly rough sets (RS) are presented, showing their usability in the music domain. A potential of the rough set-based approach was shown in the context of music genre recognition. The results were analyzed in terms of the recognition rate and computation time efficiency.
Citations
-
1
CrossRef
-
0
Web of Science
-
0
Scopus
Authors (2)
Cite as
Full text
- Publication version
- Accepted or Published Version
- License
- Copyright (2019 Acoustical Society of America)
Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
-
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
no. 146,
pages 1 - 13,
ISSN: 0001-4966 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2019
- Bibliographic description:
- Korvel G., Kostek B.: Discovering Rule-Based Learning Systems for the Purpose of Music Analysis// Journal of the Acoustical Society of America -Vol. 146,iss. 4 (2019), s.1-13
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1121/1.5137237
- Bibliography: test
-
- S. McAdams, S. Winsberg, S. Donnadieu, G. de Soete, and J. Krimphoff, "Perceptual scaling of synthesized musical timbres: common dimensions, specificities and latent subject classes", Psychological Research, 58: pp. 177- 192 (1995). open in new tab
- S. Bech. N. Zacharov, "Perceptual Audio Evaluation. Theory, method and application", Wiley (2006). open in new tab
- J. Berg, "How do we determine the attribute scales and questions that we should ask of subjects when evaluating spatial audio quality? In Proc. Int. Workshop on Spatial Audio and Sensory Evaluation Techniques (2006). open in new tab
- Dorochowicz, A. Majdańczuk, P. Hoffmann, B. Kostek, "Classification of musical genres by means of listening tests and decision algorithms", ISMIS 2017, 23rd International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, Warsaw, Poland, 26.6.2017 -29.6.(2017). open in new tab
- Q. Huynh-Thu, M. N. Garcia, F. Speranza, P. Corriveau, A. Raake, "Study of Rating Scales for Subjective Quality Assessment of High-Definition Video", IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting. 57 (1): pp. 1-14 (2011). doi:10.1109/TBC.2010.2086750. ISSN 0018-9316. open in new tab
- N. Friedman, D. Geiger, M. Goldszmidt, "Bayesian network classifiers", Machine Learning 29, pp. 139-164 (1997). open in new tab
- K. Hevner, "Experimental studies of the elements of expression in music", American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 48, pp. 246-268 (1936). open in new tab
- P. Hoffmann, B. Kostek, "Bass Enhancement Settings in Portable Devices Based on Music Genre Recognition", JAES Vol. 63, 12, pp. 980-989, December (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2015.0087. open in new tab
- X. Hu, S. J. Downie, C. Laurier, M. Bay, A. F. Ehmann, "The 2007 MIREX audio mood classification task: Lessons learned," Proceedings of ISMIR, Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp. 462-467 (2008).
- ITU-T Rec. P.10 Vocabulary for performance and quality of service (2006).
- Post-print of: Korvel G., Kostek B.: Discovering Rule-Based Learning Systems for the Purpose of Music Analysis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Vol. 146, iss. 4, 2947 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1121/1.5137237 [12] ITU, International Telecommunications Union [https://www.itu.int/en/Pages/default.aspx][https://www.itu.int/pub/T-HDB-QOS.02-2011. open in new tab
- S. Jamieson, "Likert scales: how to (ab) use them," Medical education, 38.12, pp. 1217-1218 (2004). open in new tab
- M. Kahrs, K. Brandenburg, "Applications of Digital Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics", Springer Science & Business Media (2006). open in new tab
- D. Ko, W. Woszczyk, "Virtual Acoustics for Musicians: Subjective Evaluation ENGINEERING REPORTS of a Virtual Acoustic System in Performance of String Quartets," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 66, 9, pp. 712-723, (2018 September). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2018.0038 open in new tab
- Kostek, P. Hoffmann, A. Kaczmarek, P. Spaleniak, "Creating a Reliable Music Discovery and Recommendation System", Springer Verlag, 107-130, XIII (2013). open in new tab
- B. Kostek, "Observing uncertainty in music tagging by automatic gaze tracking", 42nd International Audio Eng. Soc. Conference, Ilmenau, Germany, July 22-24 (2011).
- B. Kostek, A. Kuprjanow, P. Zwan, W. Jiang, Z.W. Raś, M. Wojnarowski, J. Swietlicka, "Report of the ISMIS 2011 Contest: Music Information Retrieval, Foundations of Intelligent Systems," Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS, 6804), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 715-725 (2011), DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642- 21916-0_75. open in new tab
- B. Kostek, M. Plewa, "Parametrization and Correlation Analysis Applied to Music Mood Classification", Int. J. Computational Intelligence Studies, Inderscience Publishers, pp. 4-25 (2013), https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCISTUDIES.2013.054734. open in new tab
- B. Kostek, M. Plewa, "Testing a Variety of Features for Music Mood Recognition", 166th Meeting Acoustical Soc. of America, No. 5, vol. 134, pp. 3994, San Francisco, USA, 2.12.2013 -6.12.(2013). open in new tab
- B. Kostek, M. Plewa, "Rough Sets Applied to Mood of Music Recognition", Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, vol. ISBN 978-83-60810-90, pp. 71 -78, Gdansk, Poland, 11.9.2016 - 14.9.(2016), DOI: 10.15439/2016F548. open in new tab
- Laurier, M. Sordo, J. Serra, P. Herrera, "Music Mood Representations from Social Tags", Proc. 10th International Society for Music Information Conference, Kobe, Japan, pp. 381-386 (2009). open in new tab
- T. Letowski, "Sound quality scales and systems" (1995). open in new tab
- [https://www.itu.int/en/Pages/default.aspx] [25] MIREX 2009 Mood Multi Tag Data Description, http://www.music-ir.org/archive/ papers/Mood_Multi_Tag_Data_Description.pdf open in new tab
- MPEG 7 standard, http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-7 open in new tab
- Z. Pawlak, "Rough Sets", International J. Computer and Information Sciences, 11, pp. 341-356 (1982). open in new tab
- J. F. Peters, A. Skowron, A. (Eds.): Transactions on Rough Sets, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4100, Springer (2004-2019). open in new tab
- M. Plewa M., B. Kostek, "Creating Mood Dictionary Associated with Music", 132 Audio Engineering Society Convention, preprint 8607, Budapest, Hungary, 26.4.2012 -29.4.(2012). open in new tab
- "Practical procedures for subjective testing", Handbook (2012) https://www.itu.int/pub/T-HDB-QOS.02-2011] open in new tab
- "RSES 2.1. Rough Set Exploration System", User's handbook. http://logic.mimuw.edu.pl/~rses/RSES_doc.pdf. Warsaw (2004). open in new tab
- J. A. Russel, A circumplex model of affects, Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 39, pp. 1161-1178 (1980). open in new tab
- R. E. Thayer, "The Biopsychology of Mood and Arousal", Oxford University Press (1989). open in new tab
- Vincent, M. G. Jafari, M. D. Plumbley, "Preliminary guidelines for subjective evaluation of audio source separation algorithms", Proc. of ICA Research Network International Workshop, pp. 93-96 (2006). open in new tab
- N. Zacharov and G. Lorho, "What are the requirements of a listening panel for evaluating spatial audio quality?" Proc. Int. Workshop on Spatial Audio and Sensory Evaluation Techniques (2006). open in new tab
- S. Zielinski, F. Rumsey, S. Bech, "On some biases encountered in modern audio quality listening tests-a review." J. Audio Eng. Soc. 56.6: 427-451 (2008). open in new tab
- Sources of funding:
-
- Statutory activity/subsidy
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
seen 88 times
Recommended for you
Introduction to the special issue on machine learning in acoustics
- Z. Michalopoulou,
- P. Gerstoft,
- B. Kostek
- + 1 authors