Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Michael Brauer; Gregory Roth; Aleksandr Aravkin; Peng Zheng; Kalkidan Abate; Yohannes Abate; Cristiana Abbafati; Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh; Madineh Abbasi; Mohammadreza Abbasian; Mitra Abbasifard; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Samar Abd; Sherief Abd-Elsalam; Parsa Abdi; Mohammad Abdollahi; Meriem Abdoun; Deldar Abdulah; Auwal Abdullahi; Mesfin Abebe; Aidin Abedi; Armita Abedi; Tadesse Abegaz; Roberto Abeldaño; Olumide Abiodun; Temesgen Abiso; Richard Aboagye; Hassan Abolhassani; Mohamed Abouzid; Girma Aboye; Lucas Abreu; Hasan Abualruz; Bilyaminu Abubakar; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Hana Abukhadijah; Salahdein Aburuz; Ahmed Abu-Zaid; Mesafint Adane; Isaac Addo; Giovanni Addolorato; Rufus Adedoyin; Victor Adekanmbi; Bashir Aden; Juliana Adetunji; Temitayo Adeyeoluwa; Rishan Adha; Amin Adibi; Qorinah Adnani; Leticia Adzigbli; Aanuoluwapo Afolabi; Rotimi Afolabi; Ashkan Afshin; Shadi Afyouni; Muhammad Afzal; Saira Afzal; Suneth Agampodi; Faith Agbozo; Shahin Aghamiri; Antonella Agodi; Anurag Agrawal; Williams Agyemang-Duah; Bright Ahinkorah; Aqeel Ahmad; Danish Ahmad; Firdos Ahmad; Noah Ahmad; Shahzaib Ahmad; Tauseef Ahmad; Ali Ahmed; Anisuddin Ahmed; Ayman Ahmed; Luai Ahmed; Muktar Ahmed; Safoora Ahmed; Syed Ahmed; Marjan Ajami; Gizachew Akalu; Essona Akara; Hossein Akbarialiabad; Shiva Akhlaghi; Karolina Akinosoglou; Tomi Akinyemiju; Mohammed Akkaif; Sreelatha Akkala; Blessing Akombi-Inyang; Salah Al; Syed Al; Fares Alahdab; Tareq AL-Ahdal; Samer Alalalmeh; Tariq Alalwan; Ziyad Al-Aly; Khurshid Alam; Nazmul Alam; Fahad Alanezi; Turki Alanzi; Almaza Albakri; Mohammad AlBataineh; Wafa Aldhaleei; Robert Aldridge; Mulubirhan Alemayohu; Yihun Alemu; Bassam Al-Fatly; Adel Al-Gheethi; Khairat Al-Habbal; Khalid Alhabib; Robert Alhassan; Abid Ali; Amjad Ali; Beriwan Ali; Iman Ali; Liaqat Ali; Mohammed Ali; Rafat Ali; Syed Ali; Waad Ali; Gianfranco Alicandro; Sheikh Alif; Syed Aljunid; François Alla; Sabah Al-Marwani; Hesham Al-Mekhlafi; Sami Almustanyir; Mahmoud Alomari; Jordi Alonso; Jaber Alqahtani; Ahmed Alqutaibi; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Ahmad Alrawashdeh; Rami Al-Rifai; Sahel Alrousan; Salman Al-Sabah; Najim Alshahrani; Zaid Altaany; Awais Altaf; Jaffar Al-Tawfiq; Khalid Altirkawi; Deborah Aluh; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk; Hassan Alwafi; Mohammad Al-Wardat; Yaser Al-Worafi; Hany Aly; Safwat Aly; Karem Alzoubi; Walid Al-Zyoud; Uchenna Amaechi; Masous Aman; Reza Amani; Sohrab Amiri; Mohammad Amirzade-Iranaq; Enrico Ammirati; Hubert Amu; Dickson Amugsi; Ganiyu Amusa; Robert Ancuceanu; Deanna Anderlini; Jason Anderson; Pedro Andrade; Catalina Andrei; Tudorel Andrei; Susan Anenberg; Dhanalakshmi Angappan; Colin Angus; Abhishek Anil; Sneha Anil; Afifa Anjum; Amir Anoushiravani; Ippazio Antonazzo; Catherine Antony; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Boluwatife Anuoluwa; Davood Anvari; Saeid Anvari; Saleha Anwar; Sumadi Anwar; Razique Anwer; Ekenedilichukwu Anyabolo; Anayochukwu Anyasodor; Geminn Apostol; Jalal Arabloo; Razman Arabzadeh; Mosab Arafat; Demelash Areda; Brhane Aregawi; Abdulfatai Aremu; Benedetta Armocida; Michael Arndt; Johan Ärnlöv; Mahwish Arooj; Anton Artamonov; Kurnia Artanti; Idowu Aruleba; Ashokan Arumugam; Akram Asbeutah; Saeed Asgary; Akeza Asgedom; Charlie Ashbaugh; Mubarek Ashemo; Tahira Ashraf; Amir Askarinejad; Michael Assmus; Thomas Astell-Burt; Mohammad Athar; Seyyed Athari; Prince Atorkey; Alok Atreya; Avinash Aujayeb; Marcel Ausloos; Leticia Avila-Burgos; Andargie Awoke; Beatriz Ayala; Haleh Ayatollahi; Carlos Ayestas; Jose Ayuso-Mateos; Sina Azadnajafabad; Rui Azevedo; Gulrez Azhar; Hosein Azizi; Ahmed Azzam; Insa Backhaus; Muhammad Badar; Ashish Badiye; Arvind Bagga; Soroush Baghdadi; Nasser Bagheri; Sara Bagherieh; Pegah Bahrami; Ruhai Bai; Atif Baig; Jennifer Baker; Shankar Bakkannavar; Madhan Balasubramanian; Ovidiu Baltatu; Kiran Bam; Soham Bandyopadhyay; Biswajit Banik; Palash Banik; Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas; Hansi Bansal; Martina Barchitta; Mainak Bardhan; Erfan Bardideh; Suzanne Barker-Collo; Till Bärnighausen; Francesco Barone-Adesi; Hiba Barqawi; Lope Barrero; Amadou Barrow; Sandra Barteit; Zarrin Basharat; Afisu Basiru; João Basso; Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan; Sanjay Basu; Sai Batchu; Kavita Batra; Ravi Batra; Bernhard Baune; Mohsen Bayati; Nebiyou Bayileyegn; Thomas Beaney; Amir Behnoush; Maryam Beiranvand; Yannick Béjot; Alehegn Bekele; Uzma Belgaumi; Arielle Bell; Michelle Bell; Muhammad Bello; Olorunjuwon Bello; Luis Belo; Apostolos Beloukas; Salaheddine Bendak; Derrick Bennett; Fiona Bennitt; Isabela Bensenor; Habib Benzian; Azizullah Beran; Zombor Berezvai; Eduardo Bernabe; Robert Bernstein; Paulo Bettencourt; Akshaya Bhagavathula; Neeraj Bhala; Dinesh Bhandari; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Sonu Bhaskar; Ajay Bhat; Vivek Bhat; Gurjit Bhatti; Jasvinder Bhatti; Manpreet Bhatti; Rajbir Bhatti; Mohiuddin Bhuiyan; Zulfiqar Bhutta; Boris Bikbov; Jessica Bishai; Catherine Bisignano; Atanu Biswas; Bijit Biswas; Raaj Biswas; Tone Bjørge; Micheal Boachie; Hosea Boakye; Moses Bockarie; Virginia Bodolica; Aadam Bodunrin; Eyob Bogale; Srinivasa Bolla; Archith Boloor; Milad Bonakdar; Sri Boppana; Berrak Bora; Hamed Borhany; Alejandro Botero; Souad Bouaoud; Soufiane Boufous; Rupert Bourne; Christopher Boxe; Dejana Braithwaite; Luisa Brant; Amanpreet Brar; Nicholas Breitborde; Susanne Breitner; Hermann Brenner; Andrey Briko; Gabrielle Britton; Colin Brown; Annie Browne; Andre Brunoni; Dana Bryazka; Norma Bulamu; Lemma Bulto; Danilo Buonsenso; Katrin Burkart; Richard Burns; Reinhard Busse; Yasser Bustanji; Nadeem Butt; Zahid Butt; Florentino Caetano; Jack Cagney; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Daniela Calina; Luis Cámera; Luciana Campos; Ismael Campos-Nonato; Chao Cao; Fan Cao; Yubin Cao; Angelo Capodici; Rosario Cárdenas; Sinclair Carr; Giulia Carreras; Juan Carrero; Andrea Carugno; Felix Carvalho; Márcia Carvalho; Joao Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos Castañeda-Orjuela; Giulio Castelpietra; Ferrán Catalá-López; Alberico Catapano; Maria Cattaruzza; Arthur Caye; Christopher Cederroth; Luca Cegolon; Muthia Cenderadewi; Kelly Cercy; Ester Cerin; Joshua Chadwick; Chiranjib Chakraborty; Promit Chakraborty; Sandip Chakraborty; Jeffrey Chan; Raymond Chan; Joht Chandan; Rama Chandika; Pankaj Chaturvedi; An-Tian Chen; Catherine Chen; Haowei Chen; Meng Chen; Mingling Chen; Simiao Chen; Ching-Yu Cheng; Esther Cheng; Nicolas Cherbuin; Gerald Chi; Fatemeh Chichagi; Odgerel Chimed-Ochir; Ritesh Chimoriya; Patrick Ching; Jesus Chirinos-Caceres; Abdulaal Chitheer; William Cho; Bryan Chong; Hitesh Chopra; Rajiv Chowdhury; Devasahayam Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Isaac Chukwu; Eric Chung; Sheng-Chia Chung; Muhammad Chutiyami; Iolanda Cioffi; Rebecca Cogen; Aaron Cohen; Alyssa Columbus; Joao Conde; Alexandru Corlateanu; Samuele Cortese; Paolo Cortesi; Vera Costa; Simona Costanzo; Michael Criqui; Jessica Cruz; Natália Cruz-Martins; Garland Culbreth; Alanna da; Omid Dadras; Xiaochen Dai; Zhaoli Dai; Patience Daikwo; Lachlan Dalli; Giovanni Damiani; Emanuele D'Amico; Lucio D'Anna; Aso Darwesh; Jai Das; Subasish Das; Nihar Dash; Mohsen Dashti; Claudio Dávila-Cervantes; Nicole Davis; Dragos Davitoiu; Fernando De; Alejandro de; Diego De; Shayom Debopadhaya; Louisa Degenhardt; Cristian Del; Ivan Delgado-Enciso; Juana Delgado-Saborit; Chalachew Demoze; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Nikolaos Dervenis; Emina Dervišević; Hardik Desai; Rupak Desai; Vinoth Devanbu; Syed Dewan; Arkadeep Dhali; Kuldeep Dhama; Amol Dhane; Mandira Dhimal; Meghnath Dhimal; Sameer Dhingra; Vishal Dhulipala; Raja Dhungana; Diana Dias; Daniel Diaz; Luis Diaz; Michael Diaz; Adriana Dima; Delaney Ding; Monica Dinu; Shirin Djalalinia; Thanh Do; Thao Do; Camila do; Masoud Dodangeh; Sushil Dohare; Klara Dokova; Wanyue Dong; Deepa Dongarwar; Mario D'Oria; Fariba Dorostkar; E Dorsey; Rajkumar Doshi; Leila Doshmangir; Robert Dowou; Tim Driscoll; Ashel Dsouza; Haneil Dsouza; Samuel Dumith; Bruce Duncan; Andre Duraes; Senbagam Duraisamy; Anar Dushpanova; Paulina Dzianach; Arkadiusz Dziedzic; Alireza Ebrahimi; Chidiebere Echieh; Abdelaziz Ed-Dra; Hisham Edinur; David Edvardsson; Kristina Edvardsson; Ferry Efendi; Aziz Eftekharimehrabad; Ebrahim Eini; Michael Ekholuenetale; Temitope Ekundayo; Rabie El; Maysaa El; Faris El-Dahiyat; Noha Elemam; Frank Elgar; Ghada ElGohary; Hala Elhabashy; Muhammed Elhadi; Ahmed Elmehrath; Omar Elmeligy; Mohammed Elshaer; Ibrahim Elsohaby; Theophilus Emeto; Negin Esfandiari; Babak Eshrati; Majid Eslami; Sayed Esmaeili; Kara Estep; Farshid Etaee; Natalia Fabin; Adeniyi Fagbamigbe; Omotayo Fagbule; Saman Fahimi; Luca Falzone; Mohammad Fareed; Carla Farinha; MoezAlIslam Faris; Pawan Faris; Andre Faro; Folorunso Fasina; Ali Fatehizadeh; Nelsensius Fauk; Timur Fazylov; Valery Feigin; Xiaoqi Feng; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Abdullah Feroze; Pietro Ferrara; Alize Ferrari; Nuno Ferreira; Getahun Fetensa; Bikila Feyisa; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Ida Fitriana; Joanne Flavel; Carsten Flohr; David Flood; Luisa Flor; Nataliya Foigt; Morenike Folayan; Lisa Force; Daniela Fortuna; Matteo Foschi; Richard Franklin; Alberto Freitas; Sara Friedman; Blima Fux; Sridevi G; Peter Gaal; Santosh Gaihre; Márió Gajdács; Yaseen Galali; Silvano Gallus; Aravind Gandhi; Balasankar Ganesan; Mohammad Ganiyani; Vanessa Garcia; William Gardner; Ravindra Garg; Rupesh Gautam; Tilaye Gebi; Miglas Gebregergis; Mesfin Gebrehiwot; Tesfay Gebremariam; Teferi Gebremeskel; Urge Gerema; Lemma Getacher; Genanew Getahun; Molla Getie; Fataneh Ghadirian; Sadegh Ghafarian; Amir Ghaffari; Khalid Ghailan; Alireza Ghajar; MohammadReza Ghasemi; Ghazal Ghasempour; Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh; Fariba Ghassemi; Ramy Ghazy; Ali Gholami; Ali Gholamrezanezhad; Nasim Gholizadeh; Mahsa Ghorbani; Artyom Gil; Gabriela Gil; Nora Gilbertson; Paramjit Gill; Tiffany Gill; Ebisa Gindaba; Alem Girmay; James Glasbey; Elena Gnedovskaya; Laszlo Göbölös; Myron Godinho; Amit Goel; Mahaveer Golechha; Pouya Goleij; Davide Golinelli; Nelson Gomes; Sameer Gopalani; Giuseppe Gorini; Houman Goudarzi; Alessandra Goulart; Mahdi Gouravani; Anmol Goyal; Simon Graham; Michal Grivna; Giuseppe Grosso; Shi-Yang Guan; Giovanni Guarducci; Mohammed Gubari; Avirup Guha; Stefano Guicciardi; Snigdha Gulati; David Gulisashvili; Damitha Gunawardane; Cui Guo; Anish Gupta; Bhawna Gupta; Mohak Gupta; Rahul Gupta; Rajat Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Sapna Gupta; Veer Gupta; Vijai Gupta; Vivek Gupta; Farrokh Habibzadeh; Parham Habibzadeh; Tesfahun Hadaro; Zahra Hadian; Nils Haep; Hamed Haghi-Aminjan; Dariush Haghmorad; Hailey Hagins; Demewoz Haile; Alemayehu Hailu; Adel Hajj; Esam Halboub; Aram Halimi; Brian Hall; Sebastian Haller; Rabih Halwani; Randah Hamadeh; Nadia Hamdy; Sajid Hameed; Samer Hamidi; Ahmad Hammoud; Asif Hanif; Nasrin Hanifi; Zaim Haq; Md Haque; Harapan Harapan; Arief Hargono; Josep Haro; Ahmed Hasaballah; Ikramul Hasan; Mohammad Hasan; S Hasan; Hamidreza Hasani; Mohammad Hasanian; Nadim Hashmeh; Md Hasnain; Amr Hassan; Ikrama Hassan; Mahgol Hassan; Shokoufeh Hassani; Soheil Hassanipour; Hadi Hassankhani; Johannes Haubold; Rasmus Havmoeller; Simon Hay; Jeffrey Hebert; Omar Hegazi; Tadele Hegena; Golnaz Heidari; Mohammad Heidari; Bartosz Helfer; Mehdi Hemmati; Claire Henson; Molly Herbert; Claudiu Herteliu; Austin Heuer; Kamal Hezam; Thomas Hinneh; Yuta Hiraike; Nguyen Hoan; Ramesh Holla; Julia Hon; Mohammad Hoque; Nobuyuki Horita; Sahadat Hossain; Seyed Hosseini; Hassan Hosseinzadeh; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Hanno Hoven; Mohamed Hsairi; Johnathan Hsu; Chengxi Hu; Junjie Huang; Md Huda; Erin Hulland; Michael Hultström; Kiavash Hushmandi; Javid Hussain; Nawfal Hussein; Chantal Huynh; Hong-Han Huynh; Segun Ibitoye; Oluwatope Idowu; Audrey Ihler; Nayu Ikeda; Kevin Ikuta; Olayinka Ilesanmi; Irena Ilic; Milena Ilic; Mohammad Imam; Mustapha Immurana; Leeberk Inbaraj; Lalu Irham; Mustafa Isa; Md Islam; Faisal Ismail; Nahlah Ismail; Hiroyasu Iso; Gaetano Isola; Masao Iwagami; Chidozie Iwu; Chinwe Iwu-Jaja; Vinothini J; Jalil Jaafari; Louis Jacob; Kathryn Jacobsen; Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh; Kasra Jahankhani; Nader Jahanmehr; Haitham Jahrami; Akhil Jain; Nityanand Jain; Ammar Jairoun; Abhishek Jaiswal; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Reza Jalilzadeh; Roland Jamora; Abubakar Jatau; Sabzali Javadov; Tahereh Javaheri; Shubha Jayaram; Jayakumar Jeganathan; Bijay Jeswani; Heng Jiang; Catherine Johnson; Mohammad Jokar; Nabi Jomehzadeh; Jost Jonas; Tamas Joo; Abel Joseph; Nitin Joseph; Vivek Joshi; Charity Joshua; Jacek Jozwiak; Mikk Jürisson; Billingsley Kaambwa; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Vidya Kadashetti; Ethan Kahn; Rizwan Kalani; Feroze Kaliyadan; Sanjay Kalra; Rajesh Kamath; Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai; Tanuj Kanchan; Himal Kandel; Edmund Kanmiki; Kehinde Kanmodi; Sushil Kansal; Daniel Kapner; Neeti Kapoor; Efstratios Karagiannidis; Mehrdad Karajizadeh; Paschalis Karakasis; Shama Karanth; Ibraheem Karaye; André Karch; Asima Karim; Hanie Karimi; Shilpi Karmakar; Faizan Kashoo; Hengameh Kasraei; Woldeteklehaymanot Kassahun; Nicholas Kassebaum; Molly Kassel; Srinivasa Katikireddi; Joonas Kauppila; Norito Kawakami; Neda Kaydi; Gbenga Kayode; Foad Kazemi; Peter Keiyoro; Laura Kemmer; John Kempen; Jessica Kerr; Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot; Yousef Khader; Morteza Khafaie; Himanshu Khajuria; Amirmohammad Khalaji; Mariam Khalil; Alireza Khalilian; Faham Khamesipour; Asaduzzaman Khan; M Khan; Maseer Khan; Mohammad Khan; Moien Khan; Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi; Khaled Khatab; Haitham Khatatbeh; Moawiah Khatatbeh; Mahalaqua Khatib; Armin Khavandegar; Hamid Khayat; Feriha Khidri; Elaheh Khodadoust; Moein Khormali; Zahra Khorrami; Atulya Khosla; Mahmood Khosrowjerdi; Haneen Khreis; Helda Khusun; Zemene Kifle; Kwanghyun Kim; Min Kim; Yun Kim; Ruth Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Luke Knibbs; Ann Knudsen; David Koh; Ali-Asghar Kolahi; Farzad Kompani; Jianqiu Kong; Gerbrand Koren; Miikka Korja; Vladimir Korshunov; Oleksii Korzh; Soewarta Kosen; Nikhil Kothari; Parvaiz Koul; Sindhura Koulmane; Kewal Krishan; Vijay Krishnamoorthy; Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy; Bindu Krishnan; Kris Krohn; Barthelemy Kuate; Burcu Kucuk; Md Kuddus; Mohammed Kuddus; Nuworza Kugbey; Ilari Kuitunen; Mukhtar Kulimbet; Vishnutheertha Kulkarni; Ashish Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Vijay Kumar; Satyajit Kundu; Om Kurmi; Asep Kusnali; Dian Kusuma; Tezer Kutluk; Carlo La; Muhammad Ladan; Lucie Laflamme; Chandrakant Lahariya; Daphne Lai; Dharmesh Lal; Tea Lallukka; Judit Lám; Qing Lan; Tuo Lan; Iván Landires; Francesco Lanfranchi; Berthold Langguth; Van Lansingh; Ariane Laplante-Lévesque; Bagher Larijani; Anders Larsson; Savita Lasrado; Paolo Lauriola; Huu-Hoai Le; Long Le; Nhi Le; Thao Le; Janet Leasher; Caterina Ledda; Munjae Lee; Paul Lee; Seung Lee; Shaun Lee; Yo Lee; Kate LeGrand; James Leigh; Elvynna Leong; Temesgen Lerango; Haley Lescinsky; Janni Leung; Ming-Chieh Li; Wang-Zhong Li; Wei Li; Yichong Li; Zhihui Li; Virendra Ligade; Lee-Ling Lim; Stephen Lim; Ro-Ting Lin; Shuzhi Lin; Chaojie Liu; Gang Liu; Jinli Liu; Jue Liu; Richard Liu; Shiwei Liu; Wei Liu; Xiaofeng Liu; Xuefeng Liu; Katherine Livingstone; Erand Llanaj; Ayush Lohiya; Rubén López-Bueno; Platon Lopukhov; Stefan Lorkowski; Paulo Lotufo; Rafael Lozano; Jailos Lubinda; Giancarlo Lucchetti; Lisha Luo; Hengliang lv; Hawraz M; Zheng Ma; Kelsey Maass; Mahmoud Mabrok; Nikolaos Machairas; Monika Machoy; Asma Mafhoumi; Mohammed Magdy; Azzam Maghazachi; D Mahadeshwara; Sandeep Maharaj; Mansour Mahmoud; Elham Mahmoudi; Azeem Majeed; Omar Makram; Konstantinos Makris; Satyaveni Malasala; Venkatesh Maled; Kashish Malhotra; Ahmad Malik; Iram Malik; Lesibana Malinga; Deborah Malta; Abdullah Mamun; Ana Manda; Yosef Manla; Ali Mansour; Borhan Mansouri; Pejman Mansouri; Marjan Mansourian; Mohammad Mansournia; Lorenzo Mantovani; Emmanuel Manu; Hamid Marateb; Joemer Maravilla; Elizabeth Marsh; Gabriel Martinez; Ramon Martinez-Piedra; Santi Martini; Francisco Martins-Melo; Miquel Martorell; Wolfgang Marx; Sharmeen Maryam; Yasith Mathangasinghe; Alexander Mathioudakis; Fernanda Matozinhos; Jishanth Mattumpuram; Andrea Maugeri; Pallab Maulik; Mahsa Mayeli; Mohsen Mazidi; Antonio Mazzotti; John McGrath; Martin McKee; Anna McKowen; Susan McLaughlin; Michael McPhail; Steven McPhail; Enkeleint Mechili; Asim Mehmood; Khalid Mehmood; Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad; Entezar Mehrabi; Toni Meier; Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez; Tesfahun Mekene; Birye Mekonnen; Ritesh Menezes; Belayneh Mengist; George Mensah; Laverne Mensah; Alexios-Fotios Mentis; Sultan Meo; Atte Meretoja; Tuomo Meretoja; Abera Mersha; Bezawit Mesfin; Tomislav Mestrovic; Kukulege Mettananda; Sachith Mettananda; Tomasz Miazgowski; Georgia Micha; Irmina Michalek; Ana Micheletti; Ted Miller; Mojde Mirarefin; Mojgan Mirghafourvand; Andreea Mirica; Antonio Mirijello; Erkin Mirrakhimov; Arvin Mirshahi; Maryam Mirzaei; Ajay Mishra; Vinaytosh Mishra; Philip Mitchell; Prasanna Mithra; Chaitanya Mittal; Babak Moazen; Madeline Moberg; Gabriele Mocciaro; Ashraf Mohamadkhani; Abdalla Mohamed; Ahmed Mohamed; Jama Mohamed; Mouhand Mohamed; Nouh Mohamed; Esmaeil Mohammadi; Saeed Mohammadi; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Noushin Mohammadifard; Hussen Mohammed; Mustapha Mohammed; Salahuddin Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali Mokdad; Lorenzo Monasta; Stefania Mondello; Mohammad Moni; AmirAli Moodi; Catrin Moore; Maryam Moradi; Yousef Moradi; Paula Moraga; Lidia Morawska; Rafael Moreira; Negar Morovatdar; Shane Morrison; Jakub Morze; Reza Mosaddeghi; Elias Mossialos; Rohith Motappa; Vincent Mougin; Parsa Mousavi; Ahmed Msherghi; Sumaira Mubarik; Lorenzo Muccioli; Ulrich Mueller; Francesk Mulita; Erin Mullany; Kavita Munjal; Efrén Murillo-Zamora; BV Murlimanju; Ana-Maria Musina; Ghulam Mustafa; Sathish Muthu; Saravanan Muthupandian; Raman Muthusamy; Muhammad Muzaffar; Woojae Myung; Ayoub Nafei; Ahamarshan Nagarajan; Shankar Nagaraju; Gabriele Nagel; Mohsen Naghavi; Pirouz Naghavi; Ganesh Naik; Gurudatta Naik; Firzan Nainu; Tapas Nair; Soroush Najdaghi; Noureddin Nakhostin; Dhairya Nanavaty; Vinay Nangia; Sreenivas Narasimha; Delaram Narimani; Bruno Nascimento; Gustavo Nascimento; Abdulqadir Nashwan; Zuhair Natto; Javaid Nauman; Samidi Navaratna; Muhammad Naveed; Biswa Nayak; Vinod Nayak; Rawlance Ndejjo; Sabina Nduaguba; Hadush Negash; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Negoi; Seyed Nejadghaderi; Chakib Nejjari; Mohammad Nematollahi; Samata Nepal; Subas Neupane; Marie Ng; Georges Nguefack-Tsague; Josephine Ngunjiri; Dang Nguyen; Nhien Nguyen; Phat Nguyen; Phuong Nguyen; Van Nguyen; Duc Nguyen; Robina Niazi; Sneha Nicholson; Jing Nie; Ali Nikoobar; Amin Nikpoor; Dina Ningrum; Chukwudi Nnaji; Efaq Noman; Shuhei Nomura; Nafise Noroozi; Bo Norrving; Jean Noubiap; Chisom Nri-Ezedi; George Ntaios; Mpiko Ntsekhe; Mengistu Nunemo; Dieta Nurrika; Jerry Nutor; Bogdan Oancea; Erin O'Connell; Ismail Odetokun; Martin O'Donnell; Michael Oduro; Adesola Ogunfowokan; Abiola Ogunkoya; In-Hwan Oh; Hassan Okati-Aliabad; Sylvester Okeke; Akinkunmi Okekunle; Osaretin Okonji; Andrew Olagunju; Omotola Olasupo; Matthew Olatubi; Arão Oliveira; Gláucia Oliveira; Abdulhakeem Olorukooba; Isaac Olufadewa; Bolajoko Olusanya; Jacob Olusanya; Yinka Oluwafemi; Hany Omar; Ahmed Omar; Goran Omer; Kanyin Ong; Sokking Ong; Obinna Onwujekwe; Kenneth Onyedibe; Anita Oppong; Michal Ordak; Verner Orish; Raffaele Ornello; Heather Orpana; Alberto Ortiz; Esteban Ortiz-Prado; Wael Osman; Samuel Ostroff; Uchechukwu Osuagwu; Adrian Otoiu; Nikita Otstavnov; Stanislav Otstavnov; Amel Ouyahia; Mayowa Owolabi; Ifeoluwa Oyeyemi; Oyetunde Oyeyemi; Mahesh P; Kevin Pacheco-Barrios; Alicia Padron-Monedero; Jagadish Padubidri; Pramod Pal; Tamás Palicz; Feng Pan; Hai-Feng Pan; Adrian Pana; Sujogya Panda; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Ashok Pandey; Seithikurippu Pandi-Perumal; Helena Pangaribuan; Ioannis Pantazopoulos; Anca Pantea; Paraskevi Papadopoulou; Marie Parent; Pragyan Parija; Romil Parikh; Seoyeon Park; Sungchul Park; Nicholas Parsons; Ava Pashaei; Maja Pasovic; Roberto Passera; Shankargouda Patil; Dimitrios Patoulias; Venkata Patthipati; Uttam Paudel; Shrikant Pawar; Hamidreza Pazoki; Amy Peden; Paolo Pedersini; Minjin Peng; Umberto Pensato; Veincent Pepito; Emmanuel Peprah; Prince Peprah; Mario Peres; Arokiasamy Perianayagam; Norberto Perico; Simone Perna; Konrad Pesudovs; Ionela-Roxana Petcu; Fanny Petermann-Rocha; Hoang Pham; Anil Philip; Michael Phillips; Brandon Pickering; Daniela Pierannunzio; Manon Pigeolet; David Pigott; Zahra Piracha; Michael Piradov; Enrico Pisoni; Mapa Piyasena; Dietrich Plass; Evgenii Plotnikov; Dimitri Poddighe; Kevan Polkinghorne; Ramesh Poluru; Constance Pond; Djordje Popovic; Fabio Porru; Maarten Postma; Govinda Poudel; Ahmad Pour-Rashidi; Akram Pourshams; Naeimeh Pourtaheri; Disha Prabhu; Sergio Prada; Jalandhar Pradhan; Pranil Pradhan; Manya Prasad; Elton Prates; Hery Purnobasuki; Bharathi Purohit; Jagadeesh Puvvula; Nameer Qasim; Ibrahim Qattea; Asma Qazi; Gangzhen Qian; Suli Qiu; Mehrdad Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Raghu Radhakrishnan; Venkatraman Radhakrishnan; Hadi Raeisi; Quinn Rafferty; Alireza Rafiei; Alberto Raggi; Pankaja Raghav; Nasiru Raheem; Fakher Rahim; Md Rahim; Mahban Rahimifard; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Md Rahman; Muhammad Rahman; Amir Rahmani; Bita Rahmani; Mohammad Rahmanian; Nazanin Rahmanian; Vahid Rahmanian; Masoud Rahmati; Setyaningrum Rahmawaty; Diego Raimondo; Sathish Rajaa; Vinoth Rajendran; Prashant Rajput; Mahmoud Ramadan; Shakthi Ramasamy; Premkumar Ramasubramani; Sheena Ramazanu; Pramod Ramteke; Juwel Rana; Kritika Rana; Chhabi Ranabhat; Amey Rane; Usha Rani; Annemarei Ranta; Chythra Rao; Mithun Rao; Puja Rao; Sowmya Rao; Davide Rasella; Sina Rashedi; Vahid Rashedi; Mahsa Rashidi; Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi; Ashkan Rasouli-Saravani; Zubair Ratan; Giridhara Rathnaiah; Santosh Rauniyar; Ilari Rautalin; David Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Reza Rawassizadeh; Christian Razo; Zinabu Reda; Murali Reddy; Elrashdy Redwan; Lennart Reifels; Marissa Reitsma; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Bhageerathy Reshmi; Serge Resnikoff; Stefano Restaino; Luis Reyes; Maryam Rezaei; Nazila Rezaei; Negar Rezaei; Mohsen Rezaeian; Taeho Rhee; Mavra Riaz; Antonio Ribeiro; Jennifer Rickard; Hannah Robinson-Oden; Célia Rodrigues; Mónica Rodrigues; Jefferson Rodriguez; Leonardo Roever; Debby Romadlon; Luca Ronfani; Jennifer Rosauer; Gholamreza Roshandel; Morteza Rostamian; Kunle Rotimi; Himanshu Rout; Bedanta Roy; Nitai Roy; Enrico Rubagotti; Guilherme Ruela; Susan Rumisha; Tilleye Runghien; Michele Russo; Sacha Ruzzante; Chandan S; Aly Saad; Korosh Saber; Maha Saber-Ayad; Siamak Sabour; Simona Sacco; Perminder Sachdev; Rajesh Sachdeva; Basema Saddik; Adam Saddler; Bashdar Sadee; Ehsan Sadeghi; Masoumeh Sadeghi; Elham Sadeghi; Mohammad Saeb; Umar Saeed; Mehdi Safari; Sare Safi; Sher Safi; Rajesh Sagar; Dominic Sagoe; Fatemeh Saheb; Narjes Saheb; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Soumya Sahoo; Monalisha Sahu; Zahra Saif; Mirza Sajid; Joseph Sakshaug; Nasir Salam; Payman Salamati; Afeez Salami; Luciane Salaroli; Leili Salehi; Sana Salehi; Marwa Salem; Mohammed Salem; Dauda Salihu; Sohrab Salimi; Giovanni Salum; Hossein Samadi; Sara Samadzadeh; Yoseph Samodra; Vijaya Samuel; Abdallah Samy; Juan Sanabria; Rama Sanjeev; Francesca Sanna; Damian Santomauro; Milena Santric-Milicevic; Made Sarasmita; Sivan Saraswathy; Aswini Saravanan; Babak Saravi; Yaser Sarikhani; Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez; Gargi Sarode; Sachin Sarode; Benn Sartorius; Arash Sarveazad; Brijesh Sathian; Davide Sattin; Monika Sawhney; Ganesh Saya; Abu Sayeed; Md Sayeed; Mehdi Sayyah; Christophe Schinckus; Maria Schmidt; Art Schuermans; Austin Schumacher; Aletta Schutte; Michaël Schwarzinger; David Schwebel; Falk Schwendicke; Siddharthan Selvaraj; Mohammad Semreen; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Dragos Serban; Marc Serre; Yashendra Sethi; Mahan Shafie; Humaira Shah; Nilay Shah; Pritik Shah; Syed Shah; Ataollah Shahbandi; Amira Shaheen; Samiah Shahid; Wajeehah Shahid; Hamid Shahsavari; Moyad Shahwan; Masood Shaikh; Summaiya Shaikh; Ali Shalash; Sunder Sham; Muhammad Shamim; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Mohammad Shamshirgaran; Mohammad Shamsi; Mohd Shanawaz; Abhishek Shankar; Sadaf Sharfaei; Amin Sharifan; Javad Sharifi-Rad; Manoj Sharma; Ujjawal Sharma; Vishal Sharma; Rajesh Shastry; Amin Shavandi; Amr Shehabeldine; Somia Shehzadi; Aziz Sheikh; Jiabin Shen; Adithi Shetty; B Shetty; Pavanchand Shetty; Amir Shiani; Desalegn Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Min-Jeong Shin; Rahman Shiri; Aminu Shittu; Ivy Shiue; K Shivakumar; Velizar Shivarov; Sina Shool; Seyed Shorofi; Rajan Shrestha; Sunil Shrestha; Kanwar Shuja; Kerem Shuval; Yafei Si; Emmanuel Siddig; Diego Silva; Luís Silva; Soraia Silva; Thales Silva; Colin Simpson; Abhinav Singh; Balbir Singh; Baljinder Singh; Garima Singh; Harmanjit Singh; Jasvinder Singh; Mahendra Singh; Narinder Singh; Paramdeep Singh; Surjit Singh; Robert Sinto; Shravan Sivakumar; Samarjeet Siwal; Natia Skhvitaridze; Søren Skou; David Sleet; Farrukh Sobia; Matiwos Soboka; Bogdan Socea; Shahabaddin Solaimanian; Ranjan Solanki; Shipra Solanki; Sameh Soliman; Ranjani Somayaji; Yi Song; Reed Sorensen; Joan Soriano; Ireneous Soyiri; Michael Spartalis; Sandra Spearman; Cory Spencer; Chandrashekhar Sreeramareddy; Panagiotis Stachteas; Lauryn Stafford; Jeffrey Stanaway; Muhammad Stanikzai; Caroline Stein; Dan Stein; Fridolin Steinbeis; Caitlyn Steiner; Sabine Steinke; Paschalis Steiropoulos; Leo Stockfelt; Mark Stokes; Kurt Straif; Saverio Stranges; Narayan Subedi; Vetriselvan Subramaniyan; Muhammad Suleman; Rizwan Suliankatchi; Johan Sundström; David Sunkersing; Katharina Sunnerhagen; Vinay Suresh; Chandan Swain; Lukasz Szarpak; Mindy Szeto; Payam Tabaee; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Seyyed Tabatabaei; Ozra Tabatabaei; Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh; Shima Tabatabai; Celine Tabche; Mohammad Tabish; Santosh Tadakamadla; Yasaman Taheri; Moslem Taheri; Amir Taherkhani; Jabeen Taiba; Ken Takahashi; Iman Talaat; Jacques Tamuzi; Ker-Kan Tan; Haosu Tang; Nathan Tat; Nuno Taveira; Yibekal Tefera; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Worku Temesgen; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Masayuki Teramoto; Dufera Terefa; Enoch Teye-Kwadjo; Ramna Thakur; Pugazhenthan Thangaraju; Kavumpurathu Thankappan; Rekha Thapar; Rasiah Thayakaran; Sathish Thirunavukkarasu; Nihal Thomas; Nikhil Thomas; Jing Tian; Ales Tichopad; Jansje Ticoalu; Tenaw Tiruye; Ruoyan Tobe-Gai; Musliu Tolani; Tadesse Tolossa; Marcello Tonelli; Roman Topor-Madry; Fotis Topouzis; Mathilde Touvier; Marcos Tovani-Palone; Khaled Trabelsi; Jasmine Tran; Mai Tran; Nghia Tran; Domenico Trico; Indang Trihandini; Christopher Troeger; Samuel Tromans; Thien Truyen; Aristidis Tsatsakis; Evangelia Tsermpini; Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu; Aniefiok Udoakang; Arit Udoh; Atta Ullah; Saeed Ullah; Sana Ullah; Muhammad Umair; Srikanth Umakanthan; Brigid Unim; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Era Upadhyay; Daniele Urso; Jibrin Usman; Asokan Vaithinathan; Omid Vakili; Mario Valenti; Rohollah Valizadeh; Jef Van; Aaron van; Orsolya Varga; Priya Vart; Shoban Varthya; Tommi Vasankari; Milena Vasic; Siavash Vaziri; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Nicholas Verghese; Madhur Verma; Massimiliano Veroux; Georgios-Ioannis Verras; Dominique Vervoort; Jorge Villafañe; Victor Villalobos-Daniel; Leonardo Villani; Gabriela Villanueva; Manish Vinayak; Francesco Violante; Vasily Vlassov; Bay Vo; Stein Vollset; Simona Volovat; Theo Vos; Isidora Vujcic; Yasir Waheed; Cong Wang; Fang Wang; Shu Wang; Yanzhong Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Mary Wanjau; Muhammad Waqas; Paul Ward; Abdul Waris; Emebet Wassie; Kosala Weerakoon; Robert Weintraub; Daniel Weiss; Eli Weiss; Haftom Weldetinsaa; Katherine Wells; Yi Wen; Taweewat Wiangkham; Nuwan Wickramasinghe; Caroline Wilkerson; Peter Willeit; Shadrach Wilson; Yen Wong; Utoomporn Wongsin; Sarah Wozniak; Chenkai Wu; Dongze Wu; Felicia Wu; Zenghong Wu; Juan Xia; Hong Xiao; Suowen Xu; Xiaoyue Xu; Yvonne Xu; Mukesh Yadav; Sajad Yaghoubi; Kazumasa Yamagishi; Lin Yang; Yuichiro Yano; Habib Yaribeygi; Yuichi Yasufuku; Pengpeng Ye; Renjulal Yesodharan; Subah Yesuf; Saber Yezli; Siyan Yi; Arzu Yiğit; Zeamanuel Yigzaw; Dehui Yin; Paul Yip; Malede Yismaw; Dong Yon; Naohiro Yonemoto; Yuyi You; Mustafa Younis; Zabihollah Yousefi; Chuanhua Yu; Yong Yu; Siddhesh Zadey; Vesna Zadnik; Fathiah Zakham; Nazar Zaki; Josefina Zakzuk; Giulia Zamagni; Sojib Zaman; Ghazal Zandieh; Aurora Zanghì; Heather Zar; Iman Zare; Fatemeh Zarimeidani; Mikhail Zastrozhin; Youjie Zeng; Chunxia Zhai; Anthony Zhang; Haijun Zhang; Liqun Zhang; Meixin Zhang; Yunquan Zhang; Zhenyu Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Hanqing Zhao; Jeff Zhao; Xiu-Ju Zhao; Yang Zhao; Yong Zhao; Chenwen Zhong; Jingjing Zhou; Juexiao Zhou; Shangcheng Zhou; Bin Zhu; Lei Zhu; Zhaohua Zhu; Boback Ziaeian; Makan Ziafati; Magdalena Zielińska; Stephanie Zimsen; Ghazal Zoghi; Thomas Zoller; Alimuddin Zumla; Sa'ed Zyoud; Samer Zyoud; Christopher Murray; Emmanuela Gakidou

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00933-4

Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Abstract

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Authors (1795)

Michael Brauer
Gregory Roth
Aleksandr Aravkin
Peng Zheng
Kalkidan Abate
Yohannes Abate
Cristiana Abbafati
Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh
Madineh Abbasi
Mohammadreza Abbasian
Mitra Abbasifard
Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
Samar Abd
Sherief Abd-Elsalam
Parsa Abdi
Mohammad Abdollahi
Meriem Abdoun
Deldar Abdulah
Auwal Abdullahi
Mesfin Abebe
Aidin Abedi
Armita Abedi
Tadesse Abegaz
Roberto Abeldaño
Olumide Abiodun
Temesgen Abiso
Richard Aboagye
Hassan Abolhassani
Mohamed Abouzid
Girma Aboye
Lucas Abreu
Hasan Abualruz
Bilyaminu Abubakar
Eman Abu-Gharbieh
Hana Abukhadijah
Salahdein Aburuz
Ahmed Abu-Zaid
Mesafint Adane
Isaac Addo
Giovanni Addolorato
Rufus Adedoyin
Victor Adekanmbi
Bashir Aden
Juliana Adetunji
Temitayo Adeyeoluwa
Rishan Adha
Amin Adibi
Qorinah Adnani
Leticia Adzigbli
Aanuoluwapo Afolabi
Rotimi Afolabi
Ashkan Afshin
Shadi Afyouni
Muhammad Afzal
Saira Afzal
Suneth Agampodi
Faith Agbozo
Shahin Aghamiri
Antonella Agodi
Anurag Agrawal
Williams Agyemang-Duah
Bright Ahinkorah
Aqeel Ahmad
Danish Ahmad
Firdos Ahmad
Noah Ahmad
Shahzaib Ahmad
Tauseef Ahmad
Ali Ahmed
Anisuddin Ahmed
Ayman Ahmed
Luai Ahmed
Muktar Ahmed
Safoora Ahmed
Syed Ahmed
Marjan Ajami
Gizachew Akalu
Essona Akara
Hossein Akbarialiabad
Shiva Akhlaghi
Karolina Akinosoglou
Tomi Akinyemiju
Mohammed Akkaif
Sreelatha Akkala
Blessing Akombi-Inyang
Salah Al
Syed Al
Fares Alahdab
Tareq AL-Ahdal
Samer Alalalmeh
Tariq Alalwan
Ziyad Al-Aly
Khurshid Alam
Nazmul Alam
Fahad Alanezi
Turki Alanzi
Almaza Albakri
Mohammad AlBataineh
Wafa Aldhaleei
Robert Aldridge
Mulubirhan Alemayohu
Yihun Alemu
Bassam Al-Fatly
Adel Al-Gheethi
Khairat Al-Habbal
Khalid Alhabib
Robert Alhassan
Abid Ali
Amjad Ali
Beriwan Ali
Iman Ali
Liaqat Ali
Mohammed Ali
Rafat Ali
Syed Ali
Waad Ali
Gianfranco Alicandro
Sheikh Alif
Syed Aljunid
François Alla
Sabah Al-Marwani
Hesham Al-Mekhlafi
Sami Almustanyir
Mahmoud Alomari
Jordi Alonso
Jaber Alqahtani
Ahmed Alqutaibi
Rajaa Al-Raddadi
Ahmad Alrawashdeh
Rami Al-Rifai
Sahel Alrousan
Salman Al-Sabah
Najim Alshahrani
Zaid Altaany
Awais Altaf
Jaffar Al-Tawfiq
Khalid Altirkawi
Deborah Aluh
Nelson Alvis-Guzman
Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk
Hassan Alwafi
Mohammad Al-Wardat
Yaser Al-Worafi
Hany Aly
Safwat Aly
Karem Alzoubi
Walid Al-Zyoud
Uchenna Amaechi
Masous Aman
Reza Amani
Sohrab Amiri
Mohammad Amirzade-Iranaq
Enrico Ammirati
Hubert Amu
Dickson Amugsi
Ganiyu Amusa
Robert Ancuceanu
Deanna Anderlini
Jason Anderson
Pedro Andrade
Catalina Andrei
Tudorel Andrei
Susan Anenberg
Dhanalakshmi Angappan
Colin Angus
Abhishek Anil
Sneha Anil
Afifa Anjum
Amir Anoushiravani
Ippazio Antonazzo
Catherine Antony
Ernoiz Antriyandarti
Boluwatife Anuoluwa
Davood Anvari
Saeid Anvari
Saleha Anwar
Sumadi Anwar
Razique Anwer
Ekenedilichukwu Anyabolo
Anayochukwu Anyasodor
Geminn Apostol
Jalal Arabloo
Razman Arabzadeh
Mosab Arafat
Demelash Areda
Brhane Aregawi
Abdulfatai Aremu
Benedetta Armocida
Michael Arndt
Johan Ärnlöv
Mahwish Arooj
Anton Artamonov
Kurnia Artanti
Idowu Aruleba
Ashokan Arumugam
Akram Asbeutah
Saeed Asgary
Akeza Asgedom
Charlie Ashbaugh
Mubarek Ashemo
Tahira Ashraf
Amir Askarinejad
Michael Assmus
Thomas Astell-Burt
Mohammad Athar
Seyyed Athari
Prince Atorkey
Alok Atreya
Avinash Aujayeb
Marcel Ausloos
Leticia Avila-Burgos
Andargie Awoke
Beatriz Ayala
Haleh Ayatollahi
Carlos Ayestas
Jose Ayuso-Mateos
Sina Azadnajafabad
Rui Azevedo
Gulrez Azhar
Hosein Azizi
Ahmed Azzam
Insa Backhaus
Muhammad Badar
Ashish Badiye
Arvind Bagga
Soroush Baghdadi
Nasser Bagheri
Sara Bagherieh
Pegah Bahrami
Ruhai Bai
Atif Baig
Jennifer Baker
Shankar Bakkannavar
Madhan Balasubramanian
Ovidiu Baltatu
Kiran Bam
Soham Bandyopadhyay
Biswajit Banik
Palash Banik
Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas
Hansi Bansal
Martina Barchitta
Mainak Bardhan
Erfan Bardideh
Suzanne Barker-Collo
Till Bärnighausen
Francesco Barone-Adesi
Hiba Barqawi
Lope Barrero
Amadou Barrow
Sandra Barteit
Zarrin Basharat
Afisu Basiru
João Basso
Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan
Sanjay Basu
Sai Batchu
Kavita Batra
Ravi Batra
Bernhard Baune
Mohsen Bayati
Nebiyou Bayileyegn
Thomas Beaney
Amir Behnoush
Maryam Beiranvand
Yannick Béjot
Alehegn Bekele
Uzma Belgaumi
Arielle Bell
Michelle Bell
Muhammad Bello
Olorunjuwon Bello
Luis Belo
Apostolos Beloukas
Salaheddine Bendak
Derrick Bennett
Fiona Bennitt
Isabela Bensenor
Habib Benzian
Azizullah Beran
Zombor Berezvai
Eduardo Bernabe
Robert Bernstein
Paulo Bettencourt
Akshaya Bhagavathula
Neeraj Bhala
Dinesh Bhandari
Nikha Bhardwaj
Pankaj Bhardwaj
Sonu Bhaskar
Ajay Bhat
Vivek Bhat
Gurjit Bhatti
Jasvinder Bhatti
Manpreet Bhatti
Rajbir Bhatti
Mohiuddin Bhuiyan
Zulfiqar Bhutta
Boris Bikbov
Jessica Bishai
Catherine Bisignano
Atanu Biswas
Bijit Biswas
Raaj Biswas
Tone Bjørge
Micheal Boachie
Hosea Boakye
Moses Bockarie
Virginia Bodolica
Aadam Bodunrin
Eyob Bogale
Srinivasa Bolla
Archith Boloor
Milad Bonakdar
Sri Boppana
Berrak Bora
Hamed Borhany
Alejandro Botero
Souad Bouaoud
Soufiane Boufous
Rupert Bourne
Christopher Boxe
Dejana Braithwaite
Luisa Brant
Amanpreet Brar
Nicholas Breitborde
Susanne Breitner
Hermann Brenner
Andrey Briko
Gabrielle Britton
Colin Brown
Annie Browne
Andre Brunoni
Dana Bryazka
Norma Bulamu
Lemma Bulto
Danilo Buonsenso
Katrin Burkart
Richard Burns
Reinhard Busse
Yasser Bustanji
Nadeem Butt
Zahid Butt
Florentino Caetano
Jack Cagney
Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado
Daniela Calina
Luis Cámera
Luciana Campos
Ismael Campos-Nonato
Chao Cao
Fan Cao
Yubin Cao
Angelo Capodici
Rosario Cárdenas
Sinclair Carr
Giulia Carreras
Juan Carrero
Andrea Carugno
Felix Carvalho
Márcia Carvalho
Joao Castaldelli-Maia
Carlos Castañeda-Orjuela
Giulio Castelpietra
Ferrán Catalá-López
Alberico Catapano
Maria Cattaruzza
Arthur Caye
Christopher Cederroth
Luca Cegolon
Muthia Cenderadewi
Kelly Cercy
Ester Cerin
Joshua Chadwick
Chiranjib Chakraborty
Promit Chakraborty
Sandip Chakraborty
Jeffrey Chan
Raymond Chan
Joht Chandan
Rama Chandika
Pankaj Chaturvedi
An-Tian Chen
Catherine Chen
Haowei Chen
Meng Chen
Mingling Chen
Simiao Chen
Ching-Yu Cheng
Esther Cheng
Nicolas Cherbuin
Gerald Chi
Fatemeh Chichagi
Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
Ritesh Chimoriya
Patrick Ching
Jesus Chirinos-Caceres
Abdulaal Chitheer
William Cho
Bryan Chong
Hitesh Chopra
Rajiv Chowdhury
Devasahayam Christopher
Dinh-Toi Chu
Isaac Chukwu
Eric Chung
Sheng-Chia Chung
Muhammad Chutiyami
Iolanda Cioffi
Rebecca Cogen
Aaron Cohen
Alyssa Columbus
Joao Conde
Alexandru Corlateanu
Samuele Cortese
Paolo Cortesi
Vera Costa
Simona Costanzo
Michael Criqui
Jessica Cruz
Natália Cruz-Martins
Garland Culbreth
Alanna da
Omid Dadras
Xiaochen Dai
Zhaoli Dai
Patience Daikwo
Lachlan Dalli
Giovanni Damiani
Emanuele D'Amico
Lucio D'Anna
Aso Darwesh
Jai Das
Subasish Das
Nihar Dash
Mohsen Dashti
Claudio Dávila-Cervantes
Nicole Davis
Dragos Davitoiu
Fernando De
Alejandro de
Diego De
Shayom Debopadhaya
Louisa Degenhardt
Cristian Del
Ivan Delgado-Enciso
Juana Delgado-Saborit
Chalachew Demoze
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
Nikolaos Dervenis
Emina Dervišević
Hardik Desai
Rupak Desai
Vinoth Devanbu
Syed Dewan
Arkadeep Dhali
Kuldeep Dhama
Amol Dhane
Mandira Dhimal
Meghnath Dhimal
Sameer Dhingra
Vishal Dhulipala
Raja Dhungana
Diana Dias
Daniel Diaz
Luis Diaz
Michael Diaz
Adriana Dima
Delaney Ding
Monica Dinu
Shirin Djalalinia
Thanh Do
Thao Do
Camila do
Masoud Dodangeh
Sushil Dohare
Klara Dokova
Wanyue Dong
Deepa Dongarwar
Mario D'Oria
Fariba Dorostkar
E Dorsey
Rajkumar Doshi
Leila Doshmangir
Robert Dowou
Tim Driscoll
Ashel Dsouza
Haneil Dsouza
Samuel Dumith
Bruce Duncan
Andre Duraes
Senbagam Duraisamy
Anar Dushpanova
Paulina Dzianach
Arkadiusz Dziedzic
Alireza Ebrahimi
Chidiebere Echieh
Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
Hisham Edinur
David Edvardsson
Kristina Edvardsson
Ferry Efendi
Aziz Eftekharimehrabad
Ebrahim Eini
Michael Ekholuenetale
Temitope Ekundayo
Rabie El
Maysaa El
Faris El-Dahiyat
Noha Elemam
Frank Elgar
Ghada ElGohary
Hala Elhabashy
Muhammed Elhadi
Ahmed Elmehrath
Omar Elmeligy
Mohammed Elshaer
Ibrahim Elsohaby
Theophilus Emeto
Negin Esfandiari
Babak Eshrati
Majid Eslami
Sayed Esmaeili
Kara Estep
Farshid Etaee
Natalia Fabin
Adeniyi Fagbamigbe
Omotayo Fagbule
Saman Fahimi
Luca Falzone
Mohammad Fareed
Carla Farinha
MoezAlIslam Faris
Pawan Faris
Andre Faro
Folorunso Fasina
Ali Fatehizadeh
Nelsensius Fauk
Timur Fazylov
Valery Feigin
Xiaoqi Feng
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
Abdullah Feroze
Pietro Ferrara
Alize Ferrari
Nuno Ferreira
Getahun Fetensa
Bikila Feyisa
Irina Filip
Florian Fischer
Ida Fitriana
Joanne Flavel
Carsten Flohr
David Flood
Luisa Flor
Nataliya Foigt
Morenike Folayan
Lisa Force
Daniela Fortuna
Matteo Foschi
Richard Franklin
Alberto Freitas
Sara Friedman
Blima Fux
Sridevi G
Peter Gaal
Santosh Gaihre
Márió Gajdács
Yaseen Galali
Silvano Gallus
Aravind Gandhi
Balasankar Ganesan
Mohammad Ganiyani
Vanessa Garcia
William Gardner
Ravindra Garg
Rupesh Gautam
Tilaye Gebi
Miglas Gebregergis
Mesfin Gebrehiwot
Tesfay Gebremariam
Teferi Gebremeskel
Urge Gerema
Lemma Getacher
Genanew Getahun
Molla Getie
Fataneh Ghadirian
Sadegh Ghafarian
Amir Ghaffari
Khalid Ghailan
Alireza Ghajar
MohammadReza Ghasemi
Ghazal Ghasempour
Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh
Fariba Ghassemi
Ramy Ghazy
Ali Gholami
Ali Gholamrezanezhad
Nasim Gholizadeh
Mahsa Ghorbani
Artyom Gil
Gabriela Gil
Nora Gilbertson
Paramjit Gill
Tiffany Gill
Ebisa Gindaba
Alem Girmay
James Glasbey
Elena Gnedovskaya
Laszlo Göbölös
Myron Godinho
Amit Goel
Mahaveer Golechha
Pouya Goleij
Davide Golinelli
Nelson Gomes
Sameer Gopalani
Giuseppe Gorini
Houman Goudarzi
Alessandra Goulart
Mahdi Gouravani
Anmol Goyal
Simon Graham
Michal Grivna
Giuseppe Grosso
Shi-Yang Guan
Giovanni Guarducci
Mohammed Gubari
Avirup Guha
Stefano Guicciardi
Snigdha Gulati
David Gulisashvili
Damitha Gunawardane
Cui Guo
Anish Gupta
Bhawna Gupta
Mohak Gupta
Rahul Gupta
Rajat Gupta
Rajeev Gupta
Sapna Gupta
Veer Gupta
Vijai Gupta
Vivek Gupta
Farrokh Habibzadeh
Parham Habibzadeh
Tesfahun Hadaro
Zahra Hadian
Nils Haep
Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
Dariush Haghmorad
Hailey Hagins
Demewoz Haile
Alemayehu Hailu
Adel Hajj
Esam Halboub
Aram Halimi
Brian Hall
Sebastian Haller
Rabih Halwani
Randah Hamadeh
Nadia Hamdy
Sajid Hameed
Samer Hamidi
Ahmad Hammoud
Asif Hanif
Nasrin Hanifi
Zaim Haq
Md Haque
Harapan Harapan
Arief Hargono
Josep Haro
Ahmed Hasaballah
Ikramul Hasan
Mohammad Hasan
S Hasan
Hamidreza Hasani
Mohammad Hasanian
Nadim Hashmeh
Md Hasnain
Amr Hassan
Ikrama Hassan
Mahgol Hassan
Shokoufeh Hassani
Soheil Hassanipour
Hadi Hassankhani
Johannes Haubold
Rasmus Havmoeller
Simon Hay
Jeffrey Hebert
Omar Hegazi
Tadele Hegena
Golnaz Heidari
Mohammad Heidari
Bartosz Helfer
Mehdi Hemmati
Claire Henson
Molly Herbert
Claudiu Herteliu
Austin Heuer
Kamal Hezam
Thomas Hinneh
Yuta Hiraike
Nguyen Hoan
Ramesh Holla
Julia Hon
Mohammad Hoque
Nobuyuki Horita
Sahadat Hossain
Seyed Hosseini
Hassan Hosseinzadeh
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
Mihaela Hostiuc
Sorin Hostiuc
Hanno Hoven
Mohamed Hsairi
Johnathan Hsu
Chengxi Hu
Junjie Huang
Md Huda
Erin Hulland
Michael Hultström
Kiavash Hushmandi
Javid Hussain
Nawfal Hussein
Chantal Huynh
Hong-Han Huynh
Segun Ibitoye
Oluwatope Idowu
Audrey Ihler
Nayu Ikeda
Kevin Ikuta
Olayinka Ilesanmi
Irena Ilic
Milena Ilic
Mohammad Imam
Mustapha Immurana
Leeberk Inbaraj
Lalu Irham
Mustafa Isa
Md Islam
Faisal Ismail
Nahlah Ismail
Hiroyasu Iso
Gaetano Isola
Masao Iwagami
Chidozie Iwu
Chinwe Iwu-Jaja
Vinothini J
Jalil Jaafari
Louis Jacob
Kathryn Jacobsen
Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
Kasra Jahankhani
Nader Jahanmehr
Haitham Jahrami
Akhil Jain
Nityanand Jain
Ammar Jairoun
Abhishek Jaiswal
Mihajlo Jakovljevic
Reza Jalilzadeh
Roland Jamora
Abubakar Jatau
Sabzali Javadov
Tahereh Javaheri
Shubha Jayaram
Jayakumar Jeganathan
Bijay Jeswani
Heng Jiang
Catherine Johnson
Mohammad Jokar
Nabi Jomehzadeh
Jost Jonas
Tamas Joo
Abel Joseph
Nitin Joseph
Vivek Joshi
Charity Joshua
Jacek Jozwiak
Mikk Jürisson
Billingsley Kaambwa
Ali Kabir
Zubair Kabir
Vidya Kadashetti
Ethan Kahn
Rizwan Kalani
Feroze Kaliyadan
Sanjay Kalra
Rajesh Kamath
Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
Tanuj Kanchan
Himal Kandel
Edmund Kanmiki
Kehinde Kanmodi
Sushil Kansal
Daniel Kapner
Neeti Kapoor
Efstratios Karagiannidis
Mehrdad Karajizadeh
Paschalis Karakasis
Shama Karanth
Ibraheem Karaye
André Karch
Asima Karim
Hanie Karimi
Shilpi Karmakar
Faizan Kashoo
Hengameh Kasraei
Woldeteklehaymanot Kassahun
Nicholas Kassebaum
Molly Kassel
Srinivasa Katikireddi
Joonas Kauppila
Norito Kawakami
Neda Kaydi
Gbenga Kayode
Foad Kazemi
Peter Keiyoro
Laura Kemmer
John Kempen
Jessica Kerr
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
Yousef Khader
Morteza Khafaie
Himanshu Khajuria
Amirmohammad Khalaji
Mariam Khalil
Alireza Khalilian
Faham Khamesipour
Asaduzzaman Khan
M Khan
Maseer Khan
Mohammad Khan
Moien Khan
Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
Khaled Khatab
Haitham Khatatbeh
Moawiah Khatatbeh
Mahalaqua Khatib
Armin Khavandegar
Hamid Khayat
Feriha Khidri
Elaheh Khodadoust
Moein Khormali
Zahra Khorrami
Atulya Khosla
Mahmood Khosrowjerdi
Haneen Khreis
Helda Khusun
Zemene Kifle
Kwanghyun Kim
Min Kim
Yun Kim
Ruth Kimokoti
Adnan Kisa
Sezer Kisa
Luke Knibbs
Ann Knudsen
David Koh
Ali-Asghar Kolahi
Farzad Kompani
Jianqiu Kong
Gerbrand Koren
Miikka Korja
Vladimir Korshunov
Oleksii Korzh
Soewarta Kosen
Nikhil Kothari
Parvaiz Koul
Sindhura Koulmane
Kewal Krishan
Vijay Krishnamoorthy
Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy
Bindu Krishnan
Kris Krohn
Barthelemy Kuate
Burcu Kucuk
Md Kuddus
Mohammed Kuddus
Nuworza Kugbey
Ilari Kuitunen
Mukhtar Kulimbet
Vishnutheertha Kulkarni
Ashish Kumar
Nithin Kumar
Vijay Kumar
Satyajit Kundu
Om Kurmi
Asep Kusnali
Dian Kusuma
Tezer Kutluk
Carlo La
Muhammad Ladan
Lucie Laflamme
Chandrakant Lahariya
Daphne Lai
Dharmesh Lal
Tea Lallukka
Judit Lám
Qing Lan
Tuo Lan
Iván Landires
Francesco Lanfranchi
Berthold Langguth
Van Lansingh
Ariane Laplante-Lévesque
Bagher Larijani
Anders Larsson
Savita Lasrado
Paolo Lauriola
Huu-Hoai Le
Long Le
Nhi Le
Thao Le
Janet Leasher
Caterina Ledda
Munjae Lee
Paul Lee
Seung Lee
Shaun Lee
Yo Lee
Kate LeGrand
James Leigh
Elvynna Leong
Temesgen Lerango
Haley Lescinsky
Janni Leung
Ming-Chieh Li
Wang-Zhong Li
Wei Li
Yichong Li
Zhihui Li
Virendra Ligade
Lee-Ling Lim
Stephen Lim
Ro-Ting Lin
Shuzhi Lin
Chaojie Liu
Gang Liu
Jinli Liu
Jue Liu
Richard Liu
Shiwei Liu
Wei Liu
Xiaofeng Liu
Xuefeng Liu
Katherine Livingstone
Erand Llanaj
Ayush Lohiya
Rubén López-Bueno
Platon Lopukhov
Stefan Lorkowski
Paulo Lotufo
Rafael Lozano
Jailos Lubinda
Giancarlo Lucchetti
Lisha Luo
Hengliang lv
Hawraz M
Zheng Ma
Kelsey Maass
Mahmoud Mabrok
Nikolaos Machairas
Monika Machoy
Asma Mafhoumi
Mohammed Magdy
Azzam Maghazachi
D Mahadeshwara
Sandeep Maharaj
Mansour Mahmoud
Elham Mahmoudi
Azeem Majeed
Omar Makram
Konstantinos Makris
Satyaveni Malasala
Venkatesh Maled
Kashish Malhotra
Ahmad Malik
Iram Malik
Lesibana Malinga
Deborah Malta
Abdullah Mamun
Ana Manda
Yosef Manla
Ali Mansour
Borhan Mansouri
Pejman Mansouri
Marjan Mansourian
Mohammad Mansournia
Lorenzo Mantovani
Emmanuel Manu
Hamid Marateb
Joemer Maravilla
Elizabeth Marsh
Gabriel Martinez
Ramon Martinez-Piedra
Santi Martini
Francisco Martins-Melo
Miquel Martorell
Wolfgang Marx
Sharmeen Maryam
Yasith Mathangasinghe
Alexander Mathioudakis
Fernanda Matozinhos
Jishanth Mattumpuram
Andrea Maugeri
Pallab Maulik
Mahsa Mayeli
Mohsen Mazidi
Antonio Mazzotti
John McGrath
Martin McKee
Anna McKowen
Susan McLaughlin
Michael McPhail
Steven McPhail
Enkeleint Mechili
Asim Mehmood
Khalid Mehmood
Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad
Entezar Mehrabi
Toni Meier
Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez
Tesfahun Mekene
Birye Mekonnen
Ritesh Menezes
Belayneh Mengist
George Mensah
Laverne Mensah
Alexios-Fotios Mentis
Sultan Meo
Atte Meretoja
Tuomo Meretoja
Abera Mersha
Bezawit Mesfin
Tomislav Mestrovic
Kukulege Mettananda
Sachith Mettananda
Tomasz Miazgowski
Georgia Micha
Irmina Michalek
Ana Micheletti
Ted Miller
Mojde Mirarefin
Mojgan Mirghafourvand
Andreea Mirica
Antonio Mirijello
Erkin Mirrakhimov
Arvin Mirshahi
Maryam Mirzaei
Ajay Mishra
Vinaytosh Mishra
Philip Mitchell
Prasanna Mithra
Chaitanya Mittal
Babak Moazen
Madeline Moberg
Gabriele Mocciaro
Ashraf Mohamadkhani
Abdalla Mohamed
Ahmed Mohamed
Jama Mohamed
Mouhand Mohamed
Nouh Mohamed
Esmaeil Mohammadi
Saeed Mohammadi
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Noushin Mohammadifard
Hussen Mohammed
Mustapha Mohammed
Salahuddin Mohammed
Shafiu Mohammed
Ali Mokdad
Lorenzo Monasta
Stefania Mondello
Mohammad Moni
AmirAli Moodi
Catrin Moore
Maryam Moradi
Yousef Moradi
Paula Moraga
Lidia Morawska
Rafael Moreira
Negar Morovatdar
Shane Morrison
Jakub Morze
Reza Mosaddeghi
Elias Mossialos
Rohith Motappa
Vincent Mougin
Parsa Mousavi
Ahmed Msherghi
Sumaira Mubarik
Lorenzo Muccioli
Ulrich Mueller
Francesk Mulita
Erin Mullany
Kavita Munjal
Efrén Murillo-Zamora
BV Murlimanju
Ana-Maria Musina
Ghulam Mustafa
Sathish Muthu
Saravanan Muthupandian
Raman Muthusamy
Muhammad Muzaffar
Woojae Myung
Ayoub Nafei
Ahamarshan Nagarajan
Shankar Nagaraju
Gabriele Nagel
Mohsen Naghavi
Pirouz Naghavi
Ganesh Naik
Gurudatta Naik
Firzan Nainu
Tapas Nair
Soroush Najdaghi
Noureddin Nakhostin
Dhairya Nanavaty
Vinay Nangia
Sreenivas Narasimha
Delaram Narimani
Bruno Nascimento
Gustavo Nascimento
Abdulqadir Nashwan
Zuhair Natto
Javaid Nauman
Samidi Navaratna
Muhammad Naveed
Biswa Nayak
Vinod Nayak
Rawlance Ndejjo
Sabina Nduaguba
Hadush Negash
Ionut Negoi
Ruxandra Negoi
Seyed Nejadghaderi
Chakib Nejjari
Mohammad Nematollahi
Samata Nepal
Subas Neupane
Marie Ng
Georges Nguefack-Tsague
Josephine Ngunjiri
Dang Nguyen
Nhien Nguyen
Phat Nguyen
Phuong Nguyen
Van Nguyen
Duc Nguyen
Robina Niazi
Sneha Nicholson
Jing Nie
Ali Nikoobar
Amin Nikpoor
Dina Ningrum
Chukwudi Nnaji
Efaq Noman
Shuhei Nomura
Nafise Noroozi
Bo Norrving
Jean Noubiap
Chisom Nri-Ezedi
George Ntaios
Mpiko Ntsekhe
Mengistu Nunemo
Dieta Nurrika
Jerry Nutor
Bogdan Oancea
Erin O'Connell
Ismail Odetokun
Martin O'Donnell
Michael Oduro
Adesola Ogunfowokan
Abiola Ogunkoya
In-Hwan Oh
Hassan Okati-Aliabad
Sylvester Okeke
Akinkunmi Okekunle
Osaretin Okonji
Andrew Olagunju
Omotola Olasupo
Matthew Olatubi
Arão Oliveira
Gláucia Oliveira
Abdulhakeem Olorukooba
Isaac Olufadewa
Bolajoko Olusanya
Jacob Olusanya
Yinka Oluwafemi
Hany Omar
Ahmed Omar
Goran Omer
Kanyin Ong
Sokking Ong
Obinna Onwujekwe
Kenneth Onyedibe
Anita Oppong
Michal Ordak
Verner Orish
Raffaele Ornello
Heather Orpana
Alberto Ortiz
Esteban Ortiz-Prado
Wael Osman
Samuel Ostroff
Uchechukwu Osuagwu
Adrian Otoiu
Nikita Otstavnov
Stanislav Otstavnov
Amel Ouyahia
Mayowa Owolabi
Ifeoluwa Oyeyemi
Oyetunde Oyeyemi
Mahesh P
Kevin Pacheco-Barrios
Alicia Padron-Monedero
Jagadish Padubidri
Pramod Pal
Tamás Palicz
Feng Pan
Hai-Feng Pan
Adrian Pana
Sujogya Panda
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
Ashok Pandey
Seithikurippu Pandi-Perumal
Helena Pangaribuan
Ioannis Pantazopoulos
Anca Pantea
Paraskevi Papadopoulou
Marie Parent
Pragyan Parija
Romil Parikh
Seoyeon Park
Sungchul Park
Nicholas Parsons
Ava Pashaei
Maja Pasovic
Roberto Passera
Shankargouda Patil
Dimitrios Patoulias
Venkata Patthipati
Uttam Paudel
Shrikant Pawar
Hamidreza Pazoki
Amy Peden
Paolo Pedersini
Minjin Peng
Umberto Pensato
Veincent Pepito
Emmanuel Peprah
Prince Peprah
Mario Peres
Arokiasamy Perianayagam
Norberto Perico
Simone Perna
Konrad Pesudovs
Ionela-Roxana Petcu
Fanny Petermann-Rocha
Hoang Pham
Anil Philip
Michael Phillips
Brandon Pickering
Daniela Pierannunzio
Manon Pigeolet
David Pigott
Zahra Piracha
Michael Piradov
Enrico Pisoni
Mapa Piyasena
Dietrich Plass
Evgenii Plotnikov
Dimitri Poddighe
Kevan Polkinghorne
Ramesh Poluru
Constance Pond
Djordje Popovic
Fabio Porru
Maarten Postma
Govinda Poudel
Ahmad Pour-Rashidi
Akram Pourshams
Naeimeh Pourtaheri
Disha Prabhu
Sergio Prada
Jalandhar Pradhan
Pranil Pradhan
Manya Prasad
Elton Prates
Hery Purnobasuki
Bharathi Purohit
Jagadeesh Puvvula
Nameer Qasim
Ibrahim Qattea
Asma Qazi
Gangzhen Qian
Suli Qiu
Mehrdad Rabiee
Amir Radfar
Raghu Radhakrishnan
Venkatraman Radhakrishnan
Hadi Raeisi
Quinn Rafferty
Alireza Rafiei
Alberto Raggi
Pankaja Raghav
Nasiru Raheem
Fakher Rahim
Md Rahim
Mahban Rahimifard
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
Md Rahman
Muhammad Rahman
Amir Rahmani
Bita Rahmani
Mohammad Rahmanian
Nazanin Rahmanian
Vahid Rahmanian
Masoud Rahmati
Setyaningrum Rahmawaty
Diego Raimondo
Sathish Rajaa
Vinoth Rajendran
Prashant Rajput
Mahmoud Ramadan
Shakthi Ramasamy
Premkumar Ramasubramani
Sheena Ramazanu
Pramod Ramteke
Juwel Rana
Kritika Rana
Chhabi Ranabhat
Amey Rane
Usha Rani
Annemarei Ranta
Chythra Rao
Mithun Rao
Puja Rao
Sowmya Rao
Davide Rasella
Sina Rashedi
Vahid Rashedi
Mahsa Rashidi
Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
Ashkan Rasouli-Saravani
Zubair Ratan
Giridhara Rathnaiah
Santosh Rauniyar
Ilari Rautalin
David Rawaf
Salman Rawaf
Reza Rawassizadeh
Christian Razo
Zinabu Reda
Murali Reddy
Elrashdy Redwan
Lennart Reifels
Marissa Reitsma
Giuseppe Remuzzi
Bhageerathy Reshmi
Serge Resnikoff
Stefano Restaino
Luis Reyes
Maryam Rezaei
Nazila Rezaei
Negar Rezaei
Mohsen Rezaeian
Taeho Rhee
Mavra Riaz
Antonio Ribeiro
Jennifer Rickard
Hannah Robinson-Oden
Célia Rodrigues
Mónica Rodrigues
Jefferson Rodriguez
Leonardo Roever
Debby Romadlon
Luca Ronfani
Jennifer Rosauer
Gholamreza Roshandel
Morteza Rostamian
Kunle Rotimi
Himanshu Rout
Bedanta Roy
Nitai Roy
Enrico Rubagotti
Guilherme Ruela
Susan Rumisha
Tilleye Runghien
Michele Russo
Sacha Ruzzante
Chandan S
Aly Saad
Korosh Saber
Maha Saber-Ayad
Siamak Sabour
Simona Sacco
Perminder Sachdev
Rajesh Sachdeva
Basema Saddik
Adam Saddler
Bashdar Sadee
Ehsan Sadeghi
Masoumeh Sadeghi
Elham Sadeghi
Mohammad Saeb
Umar Saeed
Mehdi Safari
Sare Safi
Sher Safi
Rajesh Sagar
Dominic Sagoe
Fatemeh Saheb
Narjes Saheb
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Soumya Sahoo
Monalisha Sahu
Zahra Saif
Mirza Sajid
Joseph Sakshaug
Nasir Salam
Payman Salamati
Afeez Salami
Luciane Salaroli
Leili Salehi
Sana Salehi
Marwa Salem
Mohammed Salem
Dauda Salihu
Sohrab Salimi
Giovanni Salum
Hossein Samadi
Sara Samadzadeh
Yoseph Samodra
Vijaya Samuel
Abdallah Samy
Juan Sanabria
Rama Sanjeev
Francesca Sanna
Damian Santomauro
Milena Santric-Milicevic
Made Sarasmita
Sivan Saraswathy
Aswini Saravanan
Babak Saravi
Yaser Sarikhani
Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez
Gargi Sarode
Sachin Sarode
Benn Sartorius
Arash Sarveazad
Brijesh Sathian
Davide Sattin
Monika Sawhney
Ganesh Saya
Abu Sayeed
Md Sayeed
Mehdi Sayyah
Christophe Schinckus
Maria Schmidt
Art Schuermans
Austin Schumacher
Aletta Schutte
Michaël Schwarzinger
David Schwebel
Falk Schwendicke
Siddharthan Selvaraj
Mohammad Semreen
Subramanian Senthilkumaran
Dragos Serban
Marc Serre
Yashendra Sethi
Mahan Shafie
Humaira Shah
Nilay Shah
Pritik Shah
Syed Shah
Ataollah Shahbandi
Amira Shaheen
Samiah Shahid
Wajeehah Shahid
Hamid Shahsavari
Moyad Shahwan
Masood Shaikh
Summaiya Shaikh
Ali Shalash
Sunder Sham
Muhammad Shamim
Mehran Shams-Beyranvand
Mohammad Shamshirgaran
Mohammad Shamsi
Mohd Shanawaz
Abhishek Shankar
Sadaf Sharfaei
Amin Sharifan
Javad Sharifi-Rad
Manoj Sharma
Ujjawal Sharma
Vishal Sharma
Rajesh Shastry
Amin Shavandi
Amr Shehabeldine
Somia Shehzadi
Aziz Sheikh
Jiabin Shen
Adithi Shetty
B Shetty
Pavanchand Shetty
Amir Shiani
Desalegn Shiferaw
Mika Shigematsu
Min-Jeong Shin
Rahman Shiri
Aminu Shittu
Ivy Shiue
K Shivakumar
Velizar Shivarov
Sina Shool
Seyed Shorofi
Rajan Shrestha
Sunil Shrestha
Kanwar Shuja
Kerem Shuval
Yafei Si
Emmanuel Siddig
Diego Silva
Luís Silva
Soraia Silva
Thales Silva
Colin Simpson
Abhinav Singh
Balbir Singh
Baljinder Singh
Garima Singh
Harmanjit Singh
Jasvinder Singh
Mahendra Singh
Narinder Singh
Paramdeep Singh
Surjit Singh
Robert Sinto
Shravan Sivakumar
Samarjeet Siwal
Natia Skhvitaridze
Søren Skou
David Sleet
Farrukh Sobia
Matiwos Soboka
Bogdan Socea
Shahabaddin Solaimanian
Ranjan Solanki
Shipra Solanki
Sameh Soliman
Ranjani Somayaji
Yi Song
Reed Sorensen
Joan Soriano
Ireneous Soyiri
Michael Spartalis
Sandra Spearman
Cory Spencer
Chandrashekhar Sreeramareddy
Panagiotis Stachteas
Lauryn Stafford
Jeffrey Stanaway
Muhammad Stanikzai
Caroline Stein
Dan Stein
Fridolin Steinbeis
Caitlyn Steiner
Sabine Steinke
Paschalis Steiropoulos
Leo Stockfelt
Mark Stokes
Kurt Straif
Saverio Stranges
Narayan Subedi
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
Muhammad Suleman
Rizwan Suliankatchi
Johan Sundström
David Sunkersing
Katharina Sunnerhagen
Vinay Suresh
Chandan Swain
Lukasz Szarpak
Mindy Szeto
Payam Tabaee
Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
Seyyed Tabatabaei
Ozra Tabatabaei
Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh
Shima Tabatabai
Celine Tabche
Mohammad Tabish
Santosh Tadakamadla
Yasaman Taheri
Moslem Taheri
Amir Taherkhani
Jabeen Taiba
Ken Takahashi
Iman Talaat
Jacques Tamuzi
Ker-Kan Tan
Haosu Tang
Nathan Tat
Nuno Taveira
Yibekal Tefera
Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi
Worku Temesgen
Mohamad-Hani Temsah
Masayuki Teramoto
Dufera Terefa
Enoch Teye-Kwadjo
Ramna Thakur
Pugazhenthan Thangaraju
Kavumpurathu Thankappan
Rekha Thapar
Rasiah Thayakaran
Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
Nihal Thomas
Nikhil Thomas
Jing Tian
Ales Tichopad
Jansje Ticoalu
Tenaw Tiruye
Ruoyan Tobe-Gai
Musliu Tolani
Tadesse Tolossa
Marcello Tonelli
Roman Topor-Madry
Fotis Topouzis
Mathilde Touvier
Marcos Tovani-Palone
Khaled Trabelsi
Jasmine Tran
Mai Tran
Nghia Tran
Domenico Trico
Indang Trihandini
Christopher Troeger
Samuel Tromans
Thien Truyen
Aristidis Tsatsakis
Evangelia Tsermpini
Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu
Aniefiok Udoakang
Arit Udoh
Atta Ullah
Saeed Ullah
Sana Ullah
Muhammad Umair
Srikanth Umakanthan
Brigid Unim
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
Era Upadhyay
Daniele Urso
Jibrin Usman
Asokan Vaithinathan
Omid Vakili
Mario Valenti
Rohollah Valizadeh
Jef Van
Aaron van
Orsolya Varga
Priya Vart
Shoban Varthya
Tommi Vasankari
Milena Vasic
Siavash Vaziri
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
Nicholas Verghese
Madhur Verma
Massimiliano Veroux
Georgios-Ioannis Verras
Dominique Vervoort
Jorge Villafañe
Victor Villalobos-Daniel
Leonardo Villani
Gabriela Villanueva
Manish Vinayak
Francesco Violante
Vasily Vlassov
Bay Vo
Stein Vollset
Simona Volovat
Theo Vos
Isidora Vujcic
Yasir Waheed
Cong Wang
Fang Wang
Shu Wang
Yanzhong Wang
Yuan-Pang Wang
Mary Wanjau
Muhammad Waqas
Paul Ward
Abdul Waris
Emebet Wassie
Kosala Weerakoon
Robert Weintraub
Daniel Weiss
Eli Weiss
Haftom Weldetinsaa
Katherine Wells
Yi Wen
Taweewat Wiangkham
Nuwan Wickramasinghe
Caroline Wilkerson
Peter Willeit
Shadrach Wilson
Yen Wong
Utoomporn Wongsin
Sarah Wozniak
Chenkai Wu
Dongze Wu
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Category:: Magazine publication
Type:: Magazine publication
Published in:: The Lancet no. 403, edition 10440, pages 2162 - 2203,
ISSN: 0140-6736
ISSN:: 01406736
Publication year:: 2024
DOI:: Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00933-4
Verified by:: No verification

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Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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Authors (1795)

Michael Brauer

Gregory Roth

Aleksandr Aravkin

Peng Zheng

Kalkidan Abate

Yohannes Abate

Cristiana Abbafati

Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh

Madineh Abbasi

Mohammadreza Abbasian

Mitra Abbasifard

Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari

Samar Abd

Sherief Abd-Elsalam

Parsa Abdi

Mohammad Abdollahi

Meriem Abdoun

Deldar Abdulah

Auwal Abdullahi

Mesfin Abebe

Aidin Abedi

Armita Abedi

Tadesse Abegaz

Roberto Abeldaño

Olumide Abiodun

Temesgen Abiso

Richard Aboagye

Hassan Abolhassani

Mohamed Abouzid

Girma Aboye

Lucas Abreu

Hasan Abualruz

Bilyaminu Abubakar

Eman Abu-Gharbieh

Hana Abukhadijah

Salahdein Aburuz

Ahmed Abu-Zaid

Mesafint Adane

Isaac Addo

Giovanni Addolorato

Rufus Adedoyin

Victor Adekanmbi

Bashir Aden

Juliana Adetunji

Temitayo Adeyeoluwa

Rishan Adha

Amin Adibi

Qorinah Adnani

Leticia Adzigbli

Aanuoluwapo Afolabi

Rotimi Afolabi

Ashkan Afshin

Shadi Afyouni

Muhammad Afzal

Saira Afzal

Suneth Agampodi

Faith Agbozo

Shahin Aghamiri

Antonella Agodi

Anurag Agrawal

Williams Agyemang-Duah

Bright Ahinkorah

Aqeel Ahmad

Danish Ahmad

Firdos Ahmad

Noah Ahmad

Shahzaib Ahmad

Tauseef Ahmad

Ali Ahmed

Anisuddin Ahmed

Ayman Ahmed

Luai Ahmed

Muktar Ahmed

Safoora Ahmed

Syed Ahmed