Abstract
Spherical microparticles of TiO2 were synthesized by the ionic liquid-assisted solvothermal method at different reaction times (3, 6, 12, and 24 h). The properties of the prepared photocatalysts were investigated by means of UV-VIS diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the efficiency of the phenol degradation was related to the time of the solvothermal synthesis, as determined for the TiO2_EAN(1:1)_24h sample. The microparticles of TiO2_EAN(1:1)_3h that formed during only 3 h of the synthesis time revealed a really high photoactivity under visible irradiation (75%). This value increased to 80% and 82% after 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The photoactivity increase was accompanied by the increase of the specific surface area, thus the poresize as well as the ability to absorb UV-VIS irradiation. The high efficiency of the phenol degradation of the ionic liquid (IL)–TiO2 photocatalysts was ascribed to the interaction between the surface of the TiO2 and ionic liquid components (carbon and nitrogen).
Citations
-
1 0
CrossRef
-
0
Web of Science
-
1 1
Scopus
Authors (10)
Cite as
Full text
- Publication version
- Accepted or Published Version
- License
- open in new tab
Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuł w czasopiśmie wyróżnionym w JCR
- Published in:
-
Catalysts
no. 8,
edition 7,
pages 1 - 17,
ISSN: 2073-4344 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Bibliographic description:
- Gołąbiewska A., Micaelaa C., Paszkiewicz-Gawron M., Lisowski W., Raczuk E., Klimczuk T., Polkowska Ż., Grabowska E., Zaleska-Medynska A., Łuczak J.: Highly Active TiO2 Microspheres Formation in the Presence of Ethylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquid// Catalysts. -Vol. 8, iss. 7 (2018), s.1-17
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.3390/catal8070279
- Bibliography: test
-
- Hoffmann, M.R.; Martin, S.T.; Choi, W.; Bahnemann, D.W. Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 69-96. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Fujishima, A.; Rao, T.N.; Tryk, D.A. Titanium dioxide photocatalysis. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev. 2000, 1, 1-21. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Pelaez, M.; Nolan, N.T.; Pillai, S.C.; Seery, M.K.; Falaras, P.; Kontos, A.G.; Dunlop, P.S.M.; Hamilton, J.W.J.; Byrne, J.A.; O'Shea, K.; et al. A review on the visible light active titanium dioxide photocatalysts for environmental applications. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2012, 125, 331-349. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Fox, M.A.; Dulay, M.T. Heterogeneous photocatalysis. Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 341-357. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Thompson, T.L.; Yates, J.T. Surface science studies of the photoactivation of TiO 2 new photochemical processes. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 4428-4453. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Zhang, B.; Xue, Z.; Xue, Y.; Huang, Z.; Li, Z.; Hao, J. Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of morphology-controlled TiO 2 particles with efficient photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 81108-81114. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Ramanathan, R.; Bansal, V. Ionic liquid mediated synthesis of nitrogen, carbon and fluorine-codoped rutile TiO 2 nanorods for improved UV and visible light photocatalysis. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 1424-1429. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Xu, H.; Ouyang, S.; Liu, L.; Reunchan, P.; Umezawa, N.; Ye, J. Recent advances in TiO 2 -based photocatalysis. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 12642-12661. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Zhang, F.; Sun, D.; Yu, C.; Yin, Y.; Dai, H.; Shao, G. A sol-gel route to synthesize SiO 2 /TiO 2 well-ordered nanocrystalline mesoporous photocatalysts through ionic liquid control. New J. Chem. 2015, 39, 3065-3070. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Alammar, T.; Noei, H.; Wang, Y.; Mudring, A.-V. Mild yet phase-selective preparation of TiO 2 nanoparticles from ionic liquids-A critical study. Nanoscale 2013, 5, 8045-8055. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Ahmed, E.; Breternitz, J.; Groh, M.F.; Ruck, M. Ionic liquids as crystallisation media for inorganic materials. CrystEngComm 2012, 14, 4874-4885. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Bhattacharyya, K.; Majeed, J.; Dey, K.K.; Ayyub, P.; Tyagi, A.K.; Bharadwaj, S.R. Effect of Mo-Incorporation in the TiO 2 Lattice: A mechanistic basis for photocatalytic dye degradation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 15946-15962. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Yu, S.; Liu, B.; Wang, Q.; Gao, Y.; Shi, Y.; Feng, X.; An, X.; Liu, L.; Zhang, J. Ionic Liquid Assisted Chemical Strategy to TiO 2 Hollow Nanocube Assemblies with Surface-Fluorination and Nitridation and High Energy Crystal Facet Exposure for Enhanced Photocatalysis. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 10283-10295. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Gindri, I.M.; Frizzo, C.P.; Bender, C.R.; Tier, A.Z.; Martins, M.A.P.; Villetti, M.A.; Machado, G.; Rodriguez, L.C.; Rodrigues, D.C. Preparation of TiO 2 nanoparticles coated with ionic liquids: A supramolecular approach. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 11536-11543. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Łuczak, J.; Paszkiewicz, M.; Krukowska, A.; Malankowska, A.; Zaleska-Medynska, A. Ionic liquids for nano-and microstructures preparation. Part 1: Properties and multifunctional role. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2016, 230, 13-28. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Paszkiewicz, M.; Łuczak, J.; Lisowski, W.; Patyk, P.; Zaleska-Medynska, A. The ILs-assisted solvothermal synthesis of TiO 2 spheres: The effect of ionic liquids on morphology and photoactivity of TiO 2 . Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2016, 184, 223-237. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Kaur, N.; Singh, V. Current status and future challenges in ionic liquids, functionalized ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvent-mediated synthesis of nanostructured TiO 2 : A review. New J. Chem. 2017, 41, 2844-2868. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Wender, H.; Feil, A.F.; Diaz, L.B.; Ribeiro, C.S.; Machado, G.J.; Migowski, P.; Weibel, D.E.; Dupont, J.; Teixeira, S.R. Self-organized TiO 2 nanotube arrays: Synthesis by anodization in an ionic liquid and assessment of photocatalytic properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 1359-1365. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Qi, L.; Yu, J.; Jaroniec, M. Enhanced and suppressed effects of ionic liquid on the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 . Adsorption 2013, 19, 557-561. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Marr, P.C.; Marr, A.C. Ionic liquid gel materials: Applications in green and sustainable chemistry. Green Chem. 2016, 18, 105-128. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Chang, S.-M.; Lee, C.-Y. A salt-assisted approach for the pore-size-tailoring of the ionic-liquid-templated TiO 2 photocatalysts exhibiting high activity. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2013, 132, 219-228. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Lopes, C.W.; Finger, P.H.; Mignoni, M.L.; Emmerich, D.J.; Mendes, F.M.T.; Amorim, S.; Pergher, S.B.C. TiO 2 -TON zeolite synthesis using an ionic liquid as a structure-directing agent. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2015, 213, 78-84. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Yu, N.; Gong, L.; Song, H.; Liu, Y.; Yin, D. Ionic liquid of [Bmim] + Cl − for the preparation of hierarchical nanostructured rutile titania. J. Solid State Chem. 2007, 180, 799-803. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Gołąbiewska, A.; Paszkiewicz-Gawron, M.; Sadzińska, A.; Lisowski, W.; Grabowska, E.; Zaleska-Medynska, A.; Łuczak, J. Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid-TiO 2 structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580-590. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Han, C.-C.; Ho, S.-Y.; Lin, Y.-P.; Lai, Y.-C.; Liang, W.-C.; Chen-Yang, Y.-W. Effect of π-π stacking of water miscible ionic liquid template with different cation chain length and content on morphology of mesoporous TiO 2 prepared via sol-gel method and the applications. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2010, 131, 217-223. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Chen, Y.; Li, W.; Wang, J.; Gan, Y.; Liu, L.; Ju, M. Microwave-assisted ionic liquid synthesis of Ti 3+ self-doped TiO 2 hollow nanocrystals with enhanced visible-light photoactivity. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2016, 191, 94-105. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Łuczak, J.; Paszkiewicz-Gawron, M.; Długokęcka, M.; Lisowski, W.; Grabowska, E.; Makurat, S.; Rak, J.; Zaleska-Medynska, A. Visible light photocatalytic activity of ionic liquid-TiO 2 spheres: Effect of the ionic liquid's anion structure. ChemCatChem 2017, 9, 4377-4388. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Kim, S.; Ko, K.C.; Lee, J.Y.; Illas, F. Single oxygen vacancies of (TiO 2 ) 35 as a prototype reduced nanoparticle: Implication for photocatalytic activity. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016, 18, 23755-23762. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Jiang, Y.; Zhu, Y.J.; Cheng, G.F. Synthesis of Bi 2 Se 3 Nanosheets by Microwave Heating Using an Ionic Liquid. Cryst. Growth Des. 2006, 6, 2174-2176. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Kaper, H.; Sallard, S.B.; Djerdj, I.; Antonietti, M.; Smarsly, B.M. Toward a Low-Temperature Sol−Gel Synthesis of TiO 2 (B) Using Mixtures of Surfactants and Ionic Liquids. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 3502-3510. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Verma, Y.L.; Tripathi, A.K.; Singh, V.K.; Balo, L.; Gupta, H.; Singh, S.K.; Singh, R.K. Preparation and properties of titania based ionogels synthesized using ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium thiocyanate. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2017, 220, 37-43. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Jing, L.; Wang, M.; Li, X.; Xiao, R.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Yan, Y.-M.; Wu, Q.; Sun, K. Covalently functionalized TiO 2 with ionic liquid: A high-performance catalyst for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2015, 166, 270-276. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Ravishankar, T.N.; Nagaraju, G.; Dupont, J. Photocatalytic activity of Li-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles: Synthesis via ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal route. Mater. Res. Bull. 2016, 78, 103-111. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Liu, H.; Liang, Y.; Hu, H.; Wang, M. Hydrothermal synthesis of mesostructured nanocrystalline TiO 2 in an ionic liquid-water mixture and its photocatalytic performance. Solid State Sci. 2009, 11, 1655-1660. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Shahi, S.K.; Kaur, N.; Singh, V. Fabrication of phase and morphology controlled pure rutile and rutile/anatase TiO 2 nanostructures in functional ionic liquid/water. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2016, 360, 953-960. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Yan, X.; Ohno, T.; Nishijima, K.; Abe, R.; Ohtani, B. Is methylene blue an appropriate substrate for a photocatalytic activity test? A study with visible-light responsive Titania. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2006, 429, 606-610. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Ohtani, B. Photocatalysis A to Z-What we know and what we do not know in a scientific sense. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev. 2010, 11, 157-178. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Li, F.-T.; Wang, X.-J.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, J.-X.; Hao, Y.-J.; Liu, R.-H.; Zhao, D.-S. Ionic-liquid-assisted synthesis of high-visible-light-activated N-B-F-tri-doped mesoporous TiO 2 via a microwave route. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2014, 144, 442-453. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Mirhoseini, F.; Salabat, A. Ionic liquid based microemulsion method for the fabrication of poly (methyl methacrylate)-TiO 2 nanocomposite as a highly efficient visible light photocatalyst. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 12536-12545. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Raj, K.J.A.; Viswanathan, B. Effect of surface area, pore volume and particle size of P25 titania of the phase transformation of anatase to rutile. Indian J. Chem. 2009, 48A, 1378-1382.
- Djerdj, I.; Tonejc, A.M. Structural investigations of nanocrystalline TiO 2 samples. J. Alloys Compd. 2006, 413, 159-174. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Naumkin, A.V.; Kraut-Vass, A.; Gaarenstroom, S.W.; Powell, C.J. NIST X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, NIST Standard Reference Database 20, Version 4.1. 2012. Available online: http://srdata.nist.gov/ xps/ (accessed on 25 March 2013).
- Hu, X.; Zhang, T.; Jin, Z.; Zhang, J.; Xu, W.; Yan, J.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Wu, Y. Fabrication of carbon-modified TiO 2 nanotube arrays and their photocatalytic activity. Mater. Lett. 2008, 62, 4579-4581. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Janus, M.; Inagaki, M.; Tryba, B.; Toyoda, M.; Morawski, A.W. Carbon-modified TiO 2 photocatalyst by ethanol carbonisation. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2006, 63, 272-276. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Kusiak-Nejman, E.; Janus, M.; Grzmil, B.; Morawski, A.W. Methylene Blue decomposition under visible light irradiation in the presence of carbon-modified TiO 2 photocatalysts. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 2011, 226, 68-72. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Kong, J.; Jia, H.; Wang, Z. Synthesis and characterization of carbon modified TiO 2 nanotube and photocatalytic activity on methylene blue under sunlight. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 344, 176-180. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Wei, X.-N.; Wang, H.-L.; Wang, X.-K.; Jiang, W.-F. Facile synthesis of tunable carbon modified mesoporous TiO 2 for visible light photocatalytic application. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2017, 412, 357-365. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Qi, H.-P.; Liu, Y.-Z.; Chang, L.; Wang, H.-L. In-situ one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of carbon-TiO 2 nanocomposites and their photocatalytic applications. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2017, 5, 6114-6121. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Wu, D.; Long, M.; Cai, W.; Chen, C.; Wu, Y. Low temperature hydrothermal synthesis of N-doped TiO 2 photocatalyst with high visible-light activity. J. Alloys Compd. 2010, 502, 289-294. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Dolat, D.; Quici, N.; Kusiak-Nejman, E.; Morawski, A.W.; Puma, G.L. One-step, hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen, carbon co-doped titanium dioxide (N, CTiO 2 ) photocatalysts. Effect of alcohol degree and chain length as carbon dopant precursors on photocatalytic activity and catalyst deactivation. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2012, 115, 81-89. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Peng, F.; Cai, L.; Huang, L.; Yu, H.; Wang, H. Preparation of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide with visible-light photocatalytic activity using a facile hydrothermal method. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2008, 69, 1657-1664. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Sources of funding:
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
seen 130 times
Recommended for you
Impact of Tetrazolium Ionic Liquid Thermal Decomposition in Solvothermal Reaction on the Remarkable Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Particles
- M. Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
- A. Gołąbiewska,
- A. Pancielejko
- + 5 authors
Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO2 structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase
- A. Gołąbiewska,
- M. Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
- A. Sadzińska
- + 4 authors
The ILs-assisted electrochemical synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes: The effect of ionic liquids on morphology and photoactivity
- P. Mazierski,
- J. Łuczak,
- W. Lisowski
- + 3 authors
Dependence between Ionic Liquid Structure and Mechanism of Visible-Light-Induced Activity of TiO2 Obtained by Ionic-Liquid-Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis
- M. Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
- M. Długokęcka,
- W. Lisowski
- + 7 authors