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Synthesis, characterization, and application of 2D/2D TiO2-GO-ZnFe2O4 obtained by the fluorine-free lyophilization method for solar light-driven photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen
Abstract
In this study, we report the potential of 2D/2D TiO2- GO-ZnFe2O4 photocatalyst obtained using the fluorine-free lyophilization technique for the degradation of ibuprofen belonging to the group of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The improved ibuprofen degradation under simulated solar light was achieved in the presence of a composite of 2D TiO2 combined with GO and embedded ZnFe2O4, which additionally provides superparamagnetic properties and enables photocatalyst separation after the photodegradation process. After only 20 min of the photodegradation process in the presence of 2D/2D TiO2- GO-ZnFe2O4 composite, more than 90% of ibuprofen was degraded under simulated solar light, leading to non-toxic and more susceptible to biodegradation intermediates. At the same time, photolysis of ibuprofen led to the formation of more toxic intermediates. Furthermore, based on the photocatalytic degradation analysis, the degradation by-products and possible photodegradation pathways of ibuprofen were investigated. The photodegradation tests and electronic spin resonance analyses indicated the significant involvement of superoxide radicals and singlet oxygen in the ibuprofen photodegradation process.
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Authors (8)
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Piotr Madajski
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Adam Ostrowski
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Cristina Gómez-Polo
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Laura Carvera
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Waldemar Bednarski
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- Accepted or Published Version
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1007/s11356-022-24587-0
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- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
-
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
no. 30,
pages 35929 - 35944,
ISSN: 0944-1344 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2023
- Bibliographic description:
- Malinowska I., Madajski P., Ostrowski A., Gómez-Polo C., Carvera L., Bednarski W., Kubica P., Zielińska-Jurek A.: Synthesis, characterization, and application of 2D/2D TiO2-GO-ZnFe2O4 obtained by the fluorine-free lyophilization method for solar light-driven photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen// ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH -Vol. 30, (2023), s.35929-35944
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1007/s11356-022-24587-0
- Sources of funding:
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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