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Abstract
There is a growing interest in the use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and Underwater Sensor Networks (USNs) for scientific, military, and industrial applications, leading to the development of wireless underwater communications. However, the channel for Underwater Acoustic (UWA) communications is challenging compared to the radio wave propagation in the air. Especially in shallow waters, where the channel has strong multipath effects. The difficulties are even greater when the communicating objects are in motion. Nevertheless, it is worth to analyze if solutions known from radio communication systems are applicable for underwater hydroacoustic purposes. In this paper, a comparison is made between two well-known modulation techniques used in radio communication: the widely used BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) modulation and CSS (Chirp Spread Spectrum) technique used in LoRa (Long Range communication) system. The modulation techniques mentioned are compared with MBFSK (Multiple Binary Frequency Shift Keying) modulation used in underwater wireless communication systems, which is said to be very resistant to the multipath effect. In MBFSK, the value of the bit determines the value of the frequency on which the power is transmitted. The paper presents simulation results as well as results of measurements in the towing tank of the CTO (Maritime Advanced Research Centre). The comparison of simulation and real measurements leads to worrying conclusions, as they differ considerably.
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Authors (5)
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Andrzej Łuksza dr inż.
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Ryszard Studański
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Łukasz Wojewódka
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Andrzej Żak
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Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
-
IEEE Access
no. 13,
pages 13395 - 13404,
ISSN: 2169-3536 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2025
- Bibliographic description:
- Czapiewska A., Łuksza A., Studański R., Wojewódka Ł., Żak A.: Evaluation of Selected Modulation Techniques in Underwater Multipath Channel// IEEE Access -,iss. 13 (2025), s.13395-13404
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1109/access.2025.3530948
- Sources of funding:
-
- IDUB
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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