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The ILs-assisted solvothermal synthesis of TiO2 spheres: the effect of ionic liquids on morphology and photoactivity of TiO2
Abstract
Effect of the ionic liquid (IL) structure (chain length in the imidazolium cation) on morphology and photoactivity of TiO2 particles has been systematically investigated. The TiO2 microspheres have been successfully synthesized via facile solvothermal method assisted by ionic liquids, such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl] and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [DMIM][Cl] using tetra-tert-butyl orthotitanate (TBOT) as a TiO2 precursor. Surface properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), BET surface area measurement, elemental analysis (NCHS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity was investigated by means of phenol photodegradation in the aqueous phase as a model pollutant, as well as formation of hydroxyl radicals based on detection of fluorescent product of coumarine hydroxylation. Surface properties of TiO2 particles were correlated with the type and amount of IL used during preparation as well as with the photoactivity. Both mechanism of the TiO2 spheres formation in the presence of [BMIM][Cl] and [DMIM][Cl] likewise the mechanism of their photoexcitation were also discussed. It was found that both electrostatic stabilization as well as coordination by imidazolium cation was responsible for securing the growth of TiO2 spheres. The XPS data clearly revealed that the amount of carbon in the form of N-C=N species (imidazole-metal bound formed through C-2 carbon in imidazole ring) correspond well with the change of the photoactivity. The most active samples (phenol degradation rate: 5.9 mmol·dm-3·min-1) contained the highest amount of carbon in the form of N-C=N species (6.06 at.%) among all ILs-TiO2 samples.
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Authors (5)
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Marta Paszkiewicz mgr inż.
- Uniwersytet Gdański, Wydział Chemii Katedra Technologii Środowiska
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Wojciech Lisowski
- Instutut Chemii Fizycznej PAN Mazowieckie Centrum Analizy Powierzchni
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Paulina Patyk
- Uniwersytet Gdański, Wydział Chemii Katedra Technologii Środowiska
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Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuł w czasopiśmie wyróżnionym w JCR
- Published in:
-
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
no. 184,
pages 223 - 227,
ISSN: 0926-3373 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Bibliographic description:
- Paszkiewicz M., Łuczak J., Lisowski W., Patyk P., Zaleska-Medynska A.: The ILs-assisted solvothermal synthesis of TiO2 spheres: the effect of ionic liquids on morphology and photoactivity of TiO2 // APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL. -Vol. 184, (2016), s.223-227
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.11.019
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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