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Percentage of the working age population in selected EU countries in 2006 and 2017
Open Research DataThe phenomenon of aging of the society, and thus changes in the structure of the share of population in pre- and post-working age, is typical for all European Union countries. The median age of the population in the European Union countries in 2001-2016 increased from 38.5 years to 43 years. This is the scale of the aging of the population (Median age...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
Open Research DataEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. The following dataset contains the number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019.
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Top personal income tax rates (PIT) in EU countries (in%).
Open Research DataWhen analyzing the historical PIT rates, it should be noted that in 2000 the average rate was almost 45%. The highest income tax (approx. 60%) was imposed in Belgium, Denmark, as well as in the Netherlands and France. On the other hand, the lowest (25%) rates were recorded in Estonia and Latvia, which were not yet members of the European Union. In the...
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Indicators describing the effectiveness of tax systems of selected OECD countries
Open Research DataThe following research data include indicators describing the effectiveness of the tax administration activity in Poland compared to selected countries. In economic understanding efficiency is measured by the calculation of the expenditure of funds spent on its operation and performance of statutory functions. In this respect, the basic indicator is...
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Bacteria in water and bottom sediments in post-dredging pits - Puck Bay (Baltic Sea)
Open Research DataThe dataset contains the results of microbiological testing of water and bottom sediments samples taken from the post-dredging pits - Puck Bay (Baltic Sea). The samples for testing were collected from 10th of April 2008 to 14th of April 2008. In total, there were 30 samples collected from 15 sites, including 15 water samples and 15 sediment samples....
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COVID-19 tax response of selected European countries
Open Research DataA large part of the aid mechanisms offered by individual European countries in connection with the outbreak of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic concerned the granting of the so-called tax preferences. It should be noted that a tax preference is any deviation from the adopted tax rules, resulting in a reduction of the final tax burden. The...
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Share of gross value added by factors of production prices generated by the enterprise sector in Poland and in the EU countries in the GDP of individual countries
Open Research DataCompanies operating in the EU countries are characterized by a greater contribution to the creation of GDP than Polish enterprises. Discrepancies in shaping the described value also result from a different industry structure of companies. In other EU countries, more companies are involved in services, and in Poland, enterprises conducting commercial...
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Share of gross value added by factors of production prices generated by the enterprise sector in Poland and in the EU countries in the GDP of individual countries
Open Research DataCompanies operating in the EU countries are characterized by a greater contribution to the creation of GDP than Polish enterprises. Discrepancies in shaping the described value also result from a different industry structure of companies. In other EU countries, more companies are involved in services, and in Poland, enterprises conducting commercial...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
Open Research DataEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...
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The fertility rate (TFR) in selected EU countries in 2015
Open Research DataThe main reasons for the negative consequences of demographic changes are: natural increase in the life span of the population, decline in fertility and emigration of unusual dimensions.
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The number of enterprises in Poland and selected EU countries in 2012
Open Research DataIn 2012, Poland was sixth in the ranking of the number of enterprises in selected European Union countries. In total, 22 million companies conduct business in the countries of the Community. However, when analyzing these values in relative numbers (calculated as the number of enterprises per 1000 inhabitants), Poland ranks only 22nd among the Member...
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Tax support mechanisms for research and development projects in EU countries
Open Research DataOne of the important areas requiring special support from the state are activities in pro-innovative investments. Tax incentives allocated to research and development are used by practically all European Union countries. Their aim is to persuade entities conducting business activity to invest in the so-called new technologies - defined as the area of...
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Average CIT rate in European Union countries in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 (in%)
Open Research DataThe following data presents the average CIT rate in European Union countries between 2008-2016 .
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Relation of expenditure on Research and Development to GDP in EU countries (2009-2012)
Open Research DataThe presented dataset shows that most countries increased their R&D spending - 16 of those 26 members of the European Union for which Eurostat has complete data did so. This also translated into the average ratio for the entire Community, in 2012 it amounted to 2.06% of GDP compared to 2.01% in 2009. The most severely limited their expenses were...
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Mechanisms for supporting electric vehicle purchasers in selected European countries in 2011-2016
Open Research DataThe European authorities have not developed a single common preference model for electric car buyers within the Union. Different countries have decided on different solutions. The following dataset presents mechanisms for supporting electric vehicle purchasers in selected European countries in years 2011-2016, including both economical (in the form...
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Introduction of SAF-T in selected European countries together with applicable national names
Open Research DataAmong the methods used by individual countries in norder to seal the tax collection the introduction of the Standard Audit File for Tax is one of the most important ones.
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The level of VAT in relation to the GDP of selected European Union countries in 2007-2015 (in%)
Open Research DataVAT (Value Added Tax) is part of a strictly harmonized tax within the European Union. Under the so-called The Sixth Directive introduced provisions regulating the subject and subject of taxation, tax exemptions and exclusions as well as the tax collection mechanism in all Member States.
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Number of ATMs per million inhabitants in EU countries (2015 year)
Open Research DataAs shown in the data, individual indicators vary greatly in depending on the country. It should be noted that, as a rule, the highest level of banking concerns the countries of Western Europe (Luxembourg, France, Germany, Portugal). There, too, the highest values are recorded, for example for the number of ATMs.
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Possibility of joint settlement with the spouse / partner in individual EU countries (2017)
Open Research DataThe method of avoiding tax progression known in Poland, consisting in settling income together with the spouse (and in certain cases also the child), the system of this specific relief is also present in other European Union countries such as: Belgium, Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Spain, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Germany, Portugal, UK...
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Upper corporate income tax rates CIT in EU countries (in%).
Open Research DataIn 2000, CIT rates were quite varied; in Ireland and Lithuania it was 24%, and in Germany it was nearly 52%. For all EU countries, the average CIT rate was at the level of 32%, but in the following years the rate decreased to reach the level of around 22.5%. The largest reductions in the CIT rate were introduced by Bulgaria and Germany. Particularly...
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Number of non-cash transactions made with payment cards per capita in EU countries 2015
Open Research DataThe following data presents the number of non-cash transactions made with payment cards per capita in EU countries 2015.It is an element of the so-called the banking index, which in the subject literature is defined as the number of people actively using services banking.
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List of administrative and tax preferences for electric vehicles owners in selected European countries
Open Research DataCurrent mechanisms for supporting electric vehicle owners are both economic (in the form of tax reliefs and direct subsidies) as well as administrative and legal. Examples from countries that have opted for different types of incentives present that they have leaded to increased demand for such vehicles. The following dataset is a summary list, including...
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Discount for children deducted from tax in selected EU countries, available according to number of children criterion (in EUR) in 2017
Open Research DataWhen analyzing the collected data, it should be indicated that the amount of tax preferences addressed to families with children varies widely and ranges from several hundred euro to even several tens of thousands of euro relief annually. The highest family allowances, calculated in absolute terms, are in Germany, and the lowest in Poland. All countries,...
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Percentage of the population over 65 in selected EU countries in 2006 and 2017
Open Research DataUntil the mid-1980s, Poland belonged to the group of countries with a high dynamics of population growth, reaching 0.9% annually. The average value of the population growth dynamics in the 1980s was 0.66%. From the beginning of this century, the growth rate has taken negative values and in the years 2000-2014 it amounted to an annual average of -0.03%.
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Number of devices accepting electronic payment instruments per million inhabitants in EU countries 2015
Open Research DataThis research data presents the number of devices accepting electronic payment instruments per million inhabitants in the EU countries in 2015. It is an element of the so-called the banking index, which in the subject literature is defined as the number of people actively using services banking. It is noted that this coefficient is also an expression...
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Implied Tax Subsidy Rates for Research and Development Expenditure in European OECD Countries (2019)
Open Research DataThe implied rate of tax credits, developed by the OECD, is one way to measure the extent of R&D tax credits based on spending in different countries. Tax credit rates are measured as the difference between one R&D investment unit and the pre-tax income required to earn commission from that investment unit, assuming the firm is representative....
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Tax on dividend income and income from investments in equity instruments in selected European Union countries
Open Research DataThe following data contains the information about the capital gains tax in selected EU countries. Capital gain is understood as an increase in the value of capital, e.g. as a result of an increase in the prices of securities held on the stock exchange, units of funds, exchange rate differences or other assets. This profit may be specified in nominal...
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Tax discount for children deducted from income in selected EU countries, available according to the criterion of the number of children (in EUR) in 2017
Open Research DataDespite the far-reaching harmonization of collection mechanisms and the amount of VAT and excise duty rates in the European Union, individual countries, as a rule, conduct individual income tax policies, including a system of reliefs and exemptions. It is worth noting that, as shown below, each European Union country uses at least one method of supporting...
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Gini index in selected European Union countries in 2017.
Open Research DataWhen assessing the level of poverty, one should use indicators presenting indicators of social inequality in terms of income, indicators of prosperity and poverty. In Poland, the situation in terms of inequality is improving, but as measured by the Gini coefficient.
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Number of bank branches per million inhabitants in EU countries 2015
Open Research DataAccording to the data presented, over the year (2016-2017), the network of bank branches in Poland decreased by over half a thousand (currently the total number of traditional bank branches, excluding partner branches, amounts to nearly 6 thousand). It is worth noting, however, that the number of bank branches per million inhabitants is the highest...
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Countries with the highest and the lowest electricity consumption per capita in 1998, kWh / c
Open Research DataFor several years, domestic electricity consumption has been growing (the average annual growth rate of electricity consumption for 2005-2010 is 2.75%). The increase in demand for electricity is related to the continuous development of the Polish economy, the enrichment of society and the growing, year by year, industrial production. It should be noted...
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Employment in BSS centers, by the country of the parent company's HQ
Open Research DataThere are BPO and SSC centers from 41 countries in Poland. In terms of employment, the largest share of companies is from the USA (27%), Poland (19%) and the Nordic countries (10%). Employment in BSS centers by country of the parent company's headquarters is presented in the following dataset.
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Assessment of Poland's competitiveness as a location for BPO/SSC projects
Open Research DataIn compiled by A.T. Kearney in subsequent editions of the ranking (2009, 2011, 2016, 2019), the first three positions were taken by the same countries. India received the highest marks with a clear advantage. The country is a world leader in terms of attractiveness for locating business service centers. India can offer English-speaking skilled labor...
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Personal income tax (PIT) from conducting business activity due to income from real estate rental
Open Research DataThe following data contains analysis of the tax burden on investments, purchase of real estate and obtaining income from its rental.In the case of earning income from the rental of real estate, in most countries of the EU, the entrepreneur may be subject to taxation of income with personal income tax (PIT) or corporate / corporate income tax (CIT)....
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CIT income tax from legal persons / corporations on account of income from renting real estate
Open Research DataThe following data contains analysis of the tax burden on investments, purchase of real estate and obtaining income from its rental.In the case of earning income from the rental of real estate, in most countries of the EU, the entrepreneur may be subject to taxation of income with Personal Income Tax (PIT) or corporate / Corporate Income Tax (CIT)....
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state aid for employment of disadvantaged persons
Open Research DataThe dataset encompassed a choice of the most important legal acts, a list of selected Polish and foreign bibliography, together with a list of important individual EC decisions issued on the topic of state aid dedicated to including persons with disabilities to the labour market in Poland and some UE countries in the period 2001-2019. Thanks to that...
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Average number of hours worked per week by women aged 15 and older (Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia)
Open Research DataThe following dataset presents the average weekly number of hours worked by women in selected countries (Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) in the years 1999 - 2016. The summary includes average weekly time worked in the main job, for women aged 15+. The estimates correspond to the declared amount. This includes part-time and full-time employment,...
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Share of enterprises' expenditure in total R&D expenditure (2009-2011)
Open Research DataThe countries with the highest share of enterprises in R&D expenditure are: Finåandia (67%), Germany (65.6%) and Slovenia (61.2%). On the opposite pole are Cyprus (11%), Bulgaria (16.9%) and Latvia (24.8%). The average result for the Member States in 2011 was 54.9%. It is worth noting that the countries that significantly increased the ratio of...
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The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
Open Research DataThe majority (99.8%) of companies in the EU countries are micro, small and medium-sized enterprises - see chart. The situation is similar in Poland, but the structure of the SME sector is slightly different from that observed in the EU. In Poland, the share of micro-enterprises in the total number of enterprises is higher than in the EU countries (95.5%...
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The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
Open Research DataEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...
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The share of BEV and PHEV in total number of registered vehicles (%) 2011-2016
Open Research DataIn 2016, the highest percentage of electric vehicles among all passenger automobiles was recorded in Norway - about 28% (it should be noted that in 5 years the number of electric cars in this country increased from 5 thousand to 133 thousand). However, the remaining countries in the ranking note a much smaller share of sales of electric vehicles in...
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Summary index of innovations for Poland, Germany and the EU average in 2008-2012
Open Research DataIn 2013, PoƖska became one of the so-called "modest innovators".The table illustrates changes in the innovativeness of the countries in question using the SII indicator.
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Number of seasonal work permits issued in 2018
Open Research DataIn 2018, a total of 121,436 seasonal work permits were issued, the vast majority of which were granted to Ukrainian citizens. The following dataset shows the countries from which citizens have been issued the most permits.
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Top 10 Iran Import Partners in 2011
Open Research DataThe leader in the supply of goods and services to Iran are the United Arab Emirates. As many as 32% of the total value of imports to Iran comes from this country. This was followed by China, South Korea and Germany. These four largest countries supplied goods to Iran of nearly 72% of the total value of imports.
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The number of active enterprises in Poland in 1997-2014
Open Research DataAfter Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems...
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Share of gross value added generated by enterprises in GDP
Open Research DataAfter Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems...
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ETS prices 2008-2024
Open Research DataThe European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is a carbon emission trading scheme (or cap and trade scheme) which began in 2005 and is intended to lower greenhouse gas emissions by the European Union countries. The "ETS prices 2008-2024" dataset contains a summary of ETS prices in 2008-2024.
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Number of work permits issued in 2008-2018 by migrant's country of origin
Open Research DataThe scale of the influx of economic migrants to Poland can be proved by data referring to documents enabling legal work, including work permits. In 2018, the most frequently applied for work permit for citizens of eight countries presented in the dataset. The table contains data on the number of permits issued in the years 2008-2018.
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Women's participation in employment in three main sectors of the economy (Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia)
Open Research DataThe following dataset presents the share of women's employment in selected countries (Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) in the years 1999 - 2016, divided into services, agriculture and industry. The dataset presents what percentage of employees in a given area are women. According to published data, women constitute more than half of people employed...
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Structure of the SME sector by economy sectors in Poland and the EU-28
Open Research DataEurostat data show that almost 75% of SMEs in Poland are trade and services, and every seventh enterprise conducts activities related to construction, and every eight - in industry. Comparing the industry structure of Polish companies with the structure of enterprises operating in EU countries, it should be noted that we are characterized by a greater...