Janusz Smulko - Publications - Bridge of Knowledge

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Year 2024
Year 2023
  • Enhanced gas sensing by graphene-silicon Schottky diodes under UV irradiation
    Publication
    • K. Drozdowska
    • A. Rehman
    • J. Smulko
    • S. Rumyantsev
    • B. Stonio
    • A. Krajewska
    • M. Słowikowski
    • M. Filipiak
    • P. Sai
    • G. Cywinski

    - SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL - Year 2023

    The effect of ultraviolet (UV) or blue irradiation on graphene/n-doped silicon Schottky junctions toward gas sensing was investigated. Schottky diodes were subjected to oxidizing nitrogen dioxide (NO2, 1–3 ppm) and reducing tetrahydrofuran (THF, 50–200 ppm), showing significantly different responses observed on the currentvoltage (I-V) characteristics, especially under UV light (275 nm). NO2 affected the resistive part of the forward region...

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  • Low-frequency noise in Au-decorated graphene–Si Schottky barrier diode at selected ambient gases
    Publication
    • J. Smulko
    • K. Drozdowska
    • A. Rehman
    • T. Welearegay
    • L. Österlund
    • S. Rumyantsev
    • G. Cywiński
    • B. Stonio
    • A. Krajewska
    • M. Filipiak
    • P. Sai

    - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS - Year 2023

    We report results of the current–voltage characteristics and low-frequency noise in Au nanoparticle (AuNP)-decorated graphene–Si Schottky barrier diodes. Measurements were conducted in ambient air with addition of either of two organic vapors, tetrahydrofuran [(CH2)4O; THF] and chloroform (CHCl3), as also during yellow light illumination (592nm), close to the measured particle plasmon polariton frequency of the Au nanoparticle...

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  • Low-frequency noise in ZrS3 van der Waals semiconductor nanoribbons
    Publication
    • A. Rehman
    • G. Cywiński
    • W. Knap
    • J. Smulko
    • A. Balandin
    • S. Rumyantsev

    - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS - Year 2023

    We report the results of the investigation of low-frequency electronic noise in ZrS3 van der Waals semiconductor nanoribbons. The test structures were of the back-gated field-effect-transistor type with a normally off n-channel and an on-to-off ratio of up to four orders of magnitude. The current–voltage transfer characteristics revealed significant hysteresis owing to the presence of deep levels. The noise in ZrS3 nanoribbons...

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  • Optimum Choice of Randomly Oriented Carbon Nanotube Networks for UV-Assisted Gas Sensing Applications
    Publication
    • K. Drozdowska
    • A. Rehman
    • J. Smulko
    • A. Krajewska
    • B. Stonio
    • P. Sai
    • A. Przewłoka
    • M. Filipiak
    • K. Pavłov
    • G. Cywinski... and 2 others

    - ACS Sensors - Year 2023

    We investigated the noise and photoresponse characteristics of various optical transparencies of nanotube networks to identify an optimal randomly oriented network of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based devices for UV-assisted gas sensing applications. Our investigation reveals that all of the studied devices demonstrate negative photoconductivity upon exposure to UV light. Our studies confirm the effect of UV irradiation on the electrical...

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  • Probability distribution of flicker noise in AuNPdecorated graphene–Si Schottky barrier diode
    Publication

    - Year 2023

    We present results of the probability distribution analysis of flicker noise generated in Au nanoparticle (AuNP) decorated graphene–Si Schottky barrier diodes with and without yellow light illumination (592 nm), close to the localized surface plasmon resonance in the AuNPs (586 nm). The AuNPs occupy imperfections in the single-layer graphene and reduce the flicker noise intensity generated in the graphene layer. The estimated probability...

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  • Study of ZrS3-based field-effect transistors toward the understanding of the mechanisms of light-enhanced gas sensing by transition metal trichalcogenides
    Publication

    - Materials Today Communications - Year 2023

    Extending knowledge of the properties of low-dimensional van der Waals materials, including their reactivity to the ambiance, is important for developing innovative electronic and optoelectronic devices. Transition metal trichalcogenides with tunable optical band gaps and anisotropic conductivity are an emerging class among low- dimensional structures with the possibility of gate tunability and photoreactivity. These properties...

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  • The effects of gas exposure on the graphene/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure under UV irradiation
    Publication

    - SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL - Year 2023

    This work demonstrates a graphene/AlGaN/GaN sensing device with two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) toward nitrogen dioxide (NO2), tetrahydrofuran, and acetone detection under UV light irradiation. We propose combining measurements of the DC characteristics with a fluctuation-enhanced sensing method to provide insight into the gas detection mechanisms in the synergistic structure of highly stable GaN and gas-sensitive graphene....

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Year 2022
Year 2021
  • An Instantaneous Engine Speed Estimation Method Using Multiple Matching Synchrosqueezing Transform
    Publication
    • Y. Liu
    • H. Wen
    • Z. Ding
    • L. Xu
    • H. Chen
    • J. Smulko

    - Journal of Sensors - Year 2021

    Instantaneous rotational speed measurement of the engine is crucial in routine inspection and maintenance of an automobile engine. Since the contact measurement of rotational speed is not always available, the vibration measurement has been used for noncontact rotational speed estimation methods. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the noncontact estimation methods by analyzing engine vibration frequency is not satisfactory due to the...

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  • Assessment of Fuel Cells’ State of Health by Low-Frequency Noise Measurements

    We proposed applying low-frequency (flicker) noise in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells under selected loads to assess their state of health. The measurement set-up comprised a precise data acquisition board and was able to record the DC voltage and its random component at the output. The set-up estimated the voltage noise power spectral density at frequencies up to a few hundred mHz. We observed the evolution of the electrical...

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  • Design of Intelligent Low-Voltage Load Switch for Remote Control System in Smart Grid
    Publication
    • D. Xiong
    • X. Chen
    • R. Martinek
    • H. Wen
    • D. Luo
    • J. Smulko

    - Iranian Journal of Science and Technology-Transactions of Electrical Engineering - Year 2021

    Current low-voltage load switches do not support remote disconnect/connect and real-time monitoring of a disconnect/connect state. Addressing to these issues, this paper presents a low-voltage load switch for a smart remote control system, which uses a one-chip microcontroller board and a DC step motor drive mechanism and provides the feedback on the switch status also. Arrears disconnect and full-pay connect control is implemented...

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  • Embedded gas sensing setup for air samples analysis

    This paper describes a measurement setup (eNose) designed to analyze air samples containing various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The setup utilizes a set of resistive gas sensors of divergent gas selectivity and sensitivity. Some of the applied sensors are commercially available and were proposed recently to reduce their consumed energy. The sensors detect various VOCs at sensitivities determined by metal oxide sensors’ technology...

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  • Generation-recombination and 1/f noise in carbon nanotube networks
    Publication
    • A. Rehman
    • A. Krajewska
    • B. Stonio
    • K. Pavlov
    • G. Cywinski
    • D. Lioubtchenko
    • W. Knap
    • S. Rumyantsev
    • J. Smulko

    - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS - Year 2021

    The low-frequency noise is of special interest for carbon nanotubes devices, which are building blocks for a variety of sensors, including radio frequency and terahertz detectors. We studied noise in as-fabricated and aged carbon nanotube networks (CNNs) field-effect transistors. Contrary to the majority of previous publications, as-fabricated devices demonstrated the superposition of generation-recombination (GR) and 1/f noise...

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  • Pulsed UV-irradiated Graphene Sensors for Ethanol Detection at Room Temperature
    Publication

    - Year 2021

    A graphene-based gas sensor fabricated in a FET (GFET) configuration and its sensitivity towards ethanol and methane is reported. Detection of ethanol at the level of 100 ppm was observed under pulsed UV irradiation and after cleaning by UV light in the N2 ambient. Reduction of the frequency of UV irradiation pulses resulted in increased changes in sensor resistance in the presence of ethanol. Improved sensing behavior was ascribed...

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  • Risk Analysis by a Probabilistic Model of the Measurement Process
    Publication

    - SENSORS - Year 2021

    The aim of the article is presentation of the testing methodology and results of examination the probabilistic model of the measurement process. The case study concerns the determination of the risk of an incorrect decision in the assessment of the compliance of products by measurement. Measurand is characterized by the generalized Rayleigh distribution. The model of the meas-urement process was tested in parallel mode by six risk...

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  • Room temperature depinning of the charge-density waves in quasi-two-dimensional 1T-TaS2 devices
    Publication
    • A. Mohammadzadeh
    • A. Rehman
    • F. Kargar
    • S. Rumyantsev
    • J. Smulko
    • W. Knap
    • R. K. Lake
    • A. A. Balandin

    - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS - Year 2021

    We report on the depinning of nearly commensurate charge-density waves in 1T-TaS2 thin films at room temperature. A combination of the differential current–voltage measurements with the low-frequency noise spectroscopy provides unambiguous means for detecting the depinning threshold field in quasi-2D materials. The depinning process in 1T-TaS2 is not accompanied by an observable abrupt increase in electric current—in striking contrast...

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  • Utilizing pulse dynamics for non-invasive Raman spectroscopy of blood analytes
    Publication

    - BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS - Year 2021

    Non-invasive measurement methods offer great benefits in the field of medical diagnostics with molecular-specific techniques such as Raman spectroscopy which is increasingly being used for quantitative measurements of tissue biochemistry in vivo. However, some important challenges still remain for label-free optical spectroscopy to be incorporated into the clinical laboratory for routine testing. In particular, non-analyte-specific...

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Year 2020
  • Advanced operating methods
    Publication

    - Year 2020

    Selected operating methods of resistive gas sensors were presented. The methods utilize flicker noise (1/f noise), which gives additional information about ambient gas when compared with the recorded changes of DC resistance only. Methods of flicker noise measurements were outlined. Recently developed prototype gas sensors comprising golden nanoparticle functionalized with organic ligands can generate intense flicker noise induced...

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  • Ammonia Gas Sensors: Comparison of Solid-State and Optical Methods
    Publication
    • Z. Bielecki
    • T. Stacewicz
    • J. Smulko
    • J. Wojtas

    - Applied Sciences-Basel - Year 2020

    High precision and fast measurement of gas concentrations is important for both understanding and monitoring various phenomena, from industrial and environmental to medical and scientific applications. This article deals with the recent progress in ammonia detection using in-situ solid-state and optical methods. Due to the continuous progress in material engineering and optoelectronic technologies, these methods are among the most...

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  • Analysis of Vibration and Acoustic Signals for Noncontact Measurement of Engine Rotation Speed
    Publication
    • S. Xuansheng
    • T. Lu
    • H. Wen
    • R. Martinek
    • J. Smulko

    - SENSORS - Year 2020

    The non-contact measurement of engine speed can be realized by analyzing engine vibration frequency. However, the vibration signal is distorted by harmonics and noise in the measurement. This paper presents a novel method for the measurement of engine rotation speed by using the cross-correlation of vibration and acoustic signals. This method can enhance the same frequency components in engine vibration and acoustic signal. After...

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  • Assessment of Electronic Sensing Techniques for the Rapid Identification of Alveolar Echinococcosis through Exhaled Breath Analysis
    Publication

    - SENSORS - Year 2020

    Here we present a proof-of-concept study showing the potential of a chemical gas sensors system to identify the patients with alveolar echinococcosis disease through exhaled breath analysis. The sensors system employed comprised an array of three commercial gas sensors and a custom gas sensor based on WO3 nanowires doped with gold nanoparticles, optimized for the measurement of common breath volatile organic compounds. The measurement...

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  • Comparability of Raman Spectroscopic Configurations: A Large Scale Cross-Laboratory Study
    Publication
    • S. Guo
    • C. Beleites
    • U. Neugebauer
    • S. Abalde-Cela
    • N. K. Afseth
    • F. Alsamad
    • S. Anand
    • C. Araujo-Andrade
    • S. Aškrabić
    • E. Avci... and 76 others

    - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Year 2020

    The variable configuration of Raman spectroscopic platforms is one of the major obstacles in establishing Raman spectroscopy as a valuable physicochemical method within real-world scenarios such as clinical diagnostics. For such real world applications like diagnostic classification, the models should ideally be usable to predict data from different setups. Whether it is done by training a rugged model with data from many setups...

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  • Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing
    Publication

    - Journal of Sensors - Year 2020

    Fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) is an exciting and relatively new research field that promises to extend the range of information that can be extracted from a single sensor. In FES, the stochastic fluctuations of the sensor signal, rather than its average value, are recorded and analyzed. Typical components of such fluctuations are due to interactions at the microscopic level. Proper statistical analysis provides optimum sensory...

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  • Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing (FES): A Promising Sensing Technique
    Publication

    - Applied Sciences-Basel - Year 2020

    Fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) is a very powerful odor and gas sensing technique and as such it can play a fundamental role in the control of environments and, therefore, in the protection of health. For this reason, we conduct a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art of the FES technique, highlighting potentials and limits. Particular attention is paid to the dedicated instrumentation necessary for the application of...

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  • Formaldehyde detection with chemical gas sensors based on WO3 nanowires decorated with metal nanoparticles under dark conditions and UV light irradiation
    Publication

    - SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL - Year 2020

    We report results of formaldehyde gas (CH2O) detection under dark conditions and UV light irradiation with pristine tungsten trioxide nanowires (WO3 NWs) and metal nanoparticles decorated WO3 NWs gas sensing layers. The resistive layers were deposited by one step aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) on commercial alumina substrates with 10-pair interdigitated platinum electrodes. The elaborated gas sensors, based...

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  • Ocena jakości superkondensatorów wybranymi metodami, wykorzystując zjawiska losowe i badania rozkładu temperatury

    W artykule przedstawiono metody analizy jakości wykonania próbek superkondensatorów na podstawie pomiarów szumów generowanych w ich strukturach oraz rozkładów temperatury na ich powierzchni. Prezentowane metody zostały porównane z obecnie stosowanymi parametrami oceny jakości tych elementów. Wyniki uzasadniają wprowadzenie dodatkowych parametrów, pozwalających oceniać jakość superkondensatorów.

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  • Temperature distribution of supercapacitors prepared by various technologies

    Supercapacitors, also known by different names such as electrostatic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) or ultra-capacitors, are electrical storage devices still in development. These devices require fast and reliable methods of assessing their state-of-health. Thermographic imaging is a method which can be applied with this aim due to its popularity, and the high negative impact of overheating on a supercapacitor’s parameters. Moreover,...

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  • UV Light-Modulated Fluctuation-Enhanced Gas Sensing by Layers of Graphene Flakes/TiO2 Nanoparticles
    Publication

    - Journal of Sensors - Year 2020

    We present experimental results of fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing by low-cost resistive sensors made of a mixture of graphene flakes and TiO2 nanoparticles. Both components are photocatalytic and activated by UV light. Two UV LEDs of different wavelengths (362 and 394 nm) were applied to modulate the gas sensing of the layers. Resistance noise was recorded at low frequencies, between 8 Hz and 10 kHz. The sensors’ response was...

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Year 2019
Year 2018
Year 2017
  • Assessment of Supercapacitor’s Quality by Means of Low Frequency Noise
    Publication

    Low frequency noise is a well-known tool for quality and reliability assessment of electronic devices. This phenomenon is observed in different electrochemical devices as well (e.g., smart windows, electrochemical corrosion processes). Thus, we can assume that the same tool can be used to asses quality of supercapacitors. Their quality is usually determined only by capacitance and/or equivalent series resistance (ESR), or impedance....

  • Corrosion process monitoring by AFM higher harmonic imaging

    The atomic force microscope (AFM) was invented in 1986 as an alternative to the scanning tunnelling microscope, which cannot be used in studies of non-conductive materials. Today the AFM is a powerful, versatile and fundamental tool for visualizing and studying the morphology of material surfaces. Moreover, additional information for some materials can be recovered by analysing the AFM's higher cantilever modes when the cantilever...

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  • Feasibility study of a Raman spectroscopic route to drug detection
    Publication

    - Year 2017

    We present an surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) approach for detection of drugs of abuse in whole human blood. We utilize a near infrared laser with 830 nm excitation wavelength in order to reduce the influence of fluorescence on the spectra of blood. However, regular plasmon resonance peak of plasmonic nanoparticles, such as silver or gold fall in a much lower wavelength regime about 400 nm. Therefore, we have shifted...

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