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Department of Statistics and Econometrics
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Catalog Publications
Year 2025
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European Green Deal Index: a new composite tool for monitoring European Union’s Green Deal strategy
PublicationThe European Union’s growth strategy, called "The European Green Deal," strives to create a competitive economy in which there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050 and growth is decoupled from resource use. This paper aims to develop a new composite indicator, the European Green Deal Index, to analyse the implementation of the European Green Deal in the Member States. This index is based on 26 indicators proposed by...
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Inequality, poverty, and child benefits: evidence from a natural experiment
PublicationIn this article, we empirically address the link between policy, and inequality and child poverty. Our analysis fills a gap in policy assessment research by examining the effect of introducing a cash universal child benefit (the program Family 500+ in 2016 in Poland) on income inequality and poverty, specifically child poverty. The analysis utilizes micro-level household data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) and Statistics...
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Joint foreign ownership and global value chains effects on productivity: a comparison of firms from Poland and Germany
PublicationPurpose The study aims to examine the joint effects of foreign ownership (FO) and involvement in global value chains (GVCs) on the productivity performance of firms from a catching-up country (Poland) and a leader economy (Germany). Design/methodology/approach The authors use micro-level data on firms combined with several sector-level GVC participation measures. The authors investigate whether the link between productivity and...
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Quality of Consumed Energy as a Key Element in the Development of Processes of Energy Transformation in the European Union Countries
PublicationThe process of energy transformation is one of the crucial elements of the process of improvement of the quality of consumed energy. The aim of the research is to assess the European Union countries in terms of the quality of their consumed energy and the speed of adaptation of this aspect of the energy transformation process. We assess the quality of consumed energy by means of the synthetic measure obtained by means of the dynamic...
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Technological content of export diversification—Evolution along the economic growth process
PublicationExports from high-income countries are three times more diversified than those from low-income economies. We provide a new tech-based interpretation of the stages of diversification accompanying the economic growth paths of countries. Using the decomposition properties of the relative Theil index in a sample of 160 countries (1996–2018), we reveal that export diversification is driven mainly by changes in the variety of non-tech...
Year 2024
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Addressing the Weaknesses of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods using Python
PublicationThe book aims to draw attention to the weaknesses in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods and provide insights to improve the decision-making process. By addressing these weaknesses, it seeks to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of MCDM methods in selecting the best alternatives in various fields. The book covers popular MCDM methods such as TOPSIS, ELECTRE, VIKOR, and PROMETHEE. It compares traditional methods with...
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An annotated timeline of sensitivity analysis
PublicationThe last half a century has seen spectacular progresses in computing and modelling in a variety of fields, applications, and methodologies. Over the same period, a cross-disciplinary field known as sensitivity analysis has been making its first steps, evolving from the design of experiments for laboratory or field studies, also called ‘in-vivo’, to the so-called experiments ‘in-silico’. Some disciplines were quick to realize the...
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Assessing sustainable development goal 7 implementation and its nexus with social, economic and ecological factors in EU countries
PublicationThis research paper delves into the captivating realm of sustainable development, specifically focusing on assessing the degree of implementation of sustainable development goal 7 (SDG7) and its intricate relationship with social, economic and ecological factors within European Union (EU) countries. By comprehensively unravelling the interplay between SDG7 and these multifaceted factors, this study provides invaluable insights...
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Edu Inspiracje WZiE: Czy mikrokwalifikacje i cyfrowe odznaki zmienią oblicze edukacji?
PublicationMikrokwalifikacje nazywane również mikropoświadczeniami (micro- -credentials), mówiąc prostymi słowami, są cyfrowymi certyfikatami potwierdzającymi uzyskanie umiejętności, wiedzy lub kompetencji. To dowody ukończenia mniejszych (niż określają np. dyplomy uniwersyteckie) form edukacyjnych takich jak kursy e-learningowe, warsztaty lub szkolenia. Pozwalają też szybko pokazać to, co umiemy, i przedstawić w postaci atrakcyjnego cyfrowego...
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Ewolucja zawodu nauczycielskiego. Od klasycznej szkoły do nowych wyzwań.
PublicationZawód nauczyciela od zawsze był traktowany jako fundament społeczeństwa, kształtujący umysły i charaktery przyszłych pokoleń. Jednakże w dzisiejszym, dynamicznym świecie ranga i rola nauczyciela ulegają znaczącym przemianom. W związku z postępującą digitalizacją, zmianami w sposobie przyswajania wiedzy przez młodych ludzi oraz ewoluującymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi, zawód nauczyciela staje w obliczu nowych zagrożeń, ale również oferuje...
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Exploring the approaches towards support of academic entrepreneurship: evidence from an emerging market
PublicationOver the past three decades, an exponentially growing body on elements and actors of the concept of an entrepreneurial university has emerged. Compared to its western European counterparts, however, the idea of the third role of the university has only recently been implemented in Central and Eastern European countries, and thus both research and entrepreneurial practice grapple with empirical results. In this paper, we attempt...
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Factors hindering and boosting SDG7 implementation in EU countries
PublicationOne of the sustainable development goals (SDG7) is to ensure access to clean and affordable energy, which is related to most other SDGs and plays a crucial role in eco - nomic development and human well-being. The aim of the article is to identify factors that enhance and delay one of the most crucial goals of sustainable development, SDG7. The study’s originality lies in the spatiotemporal approach to analysing the impact of...
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Forecasting of retail prices of liquid fuels in Poland
PublicationMotivation: In recent years, the prices of liquid fuels in Poland have been rising , negatively affecting the country’s economy and the daily life of its inhabitants. Consequently, there is a need for effective forecasting of prices in fuel markets, as this could enable entrepreneurs and consumers to make more informed decisions. Aim: The objective of the article was to forecast the retail prices of EU95 petrol and diesel fuel...
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Global value chains and inward FDI: An empirical investigation of European firms
PublicationThis paper empirically investigates whether and how the level of GVC integration of a given market may explain the presence of foreign-owned firms. Using firm-level data from 28 European Union countries during the period 2008–2014, we provide evidence that a greater country-sector-level GVC participation, via both backward and forward linkages, exerts a positive effect on a firm's likelihood to receive FDI. These findings appear...
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How digital technology affects working conditions in globally fragmented production chains: Evidence from Europe
PublicationThis paper uses a sample of over 9 million workers from 22 European countries to study the intertwined relationship between digital technology, cross-border production links and working conditions. We compare the social consequences of technological change exhibited by three types of innovation: computerisation (software), automation (robots) and artificial intelligence (AI). To fully quantify work-related wellbeing, we propose...
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Nadmiarowe zgony podczas pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce i ocena skuteczności szczepień
PublicationZ powodu pandemii COVID-19 zmarły miliony ludzi na całym świecie. Jak wynika z wielu badań, szczepienia przeciw chorobie wywołanej wirusem SARS-CoV-2 okazały się środ-kiem ograniczającym skalę zachorowań i liczbę zgonów. Celem badania omawianego w artyku-le jest pomiar skali pandemii w Polsce za pomocą liczby nadmiarowych zgonów w podregio-nach według klasyfikacji NUTS 3 i w grupach wieku, a następnie określenie zależności pomiędzy...
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Own or public? Later livelihoods of Ukrainian war migrant households in Poland
PublicationThis paper presents empirical research on the livelihood resources of Ukrainian households that fled to Poland due to the Russian invasion and reside there long term. Using a nationwide sample of these households and an accurate econometric framework, we investigate the factors influencing the role of income from work, other private resources and public assistance in covering their living costs in exile. Our findings confirm the...
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Renewable energy transition in Europe in the context of renewable energy transition processes in the world. A review
PublicationBoth the global and European energy sectors have been undergoing a deep transition for several years, associated with a reduction in the overall share of conventional coal-based energy in favor of new technologies, especially energy from renewable sources (RES). This transition is moving from centralized production towards distributed technologies and from providing only energy to end users towards combining innovative products...
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The Big Book of online education for academics and other teaching professionals
PublicationThe Big Book of Online Education to unikatowa, bogata w multimedia publikacja, napisana przez międzynarodowy zespół autorów – ekspertów w dziedzinie metodyki, nowoczesnej edukacji i e-learningu. Znajdziemy w niej mnóstwo porad, inspiracji i informacji o narzędziach użytecznych w dydaktyce, oraz przykładów zastosowania innowacyjnych metod i technik w praktyce akademickiej. Jest to najbogatsza tego typu pozycja na rynku poradników...
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The Impact of Financial Literacy on Financial Inclusion - Beyond Standard Financial Instruments
PublicationIn this paper, we explore the relationship between financial literacy and a range of financial inclusion outcomes at the country level. Unlike Grohmann et al. (2018), who consider standard financial instruments as proxies for financial inclusion, we consider further instruments regarding digital payments. Using cross-sectional country-level data from the 2014/2015 Global Financial Literacy Survey alongside with other corresponding...
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The impact of global value chains on wages, employment, and productivity: a survey of theoretical approaches
PublicationThis study presents a systematic literature review to provide a collection of theories explaining the impact of global value chains (GVCs) on labour market outcomes. Due to the complex nature of GVCs and the interconnectedness of wages, employment, and productivity, many direct and indirect effects are at play. To ensure a transparent and systematic flow of the review process, I follow the PRISMA guide. Eventually, 36 records out...
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The scope of fiscal decentralisation in EU countries: a comparative analysis
PublicationMotivation: Decentralization is one of the main challenges in public sector reform. In democratic countries the level of decentralisation in individual countries is not identical. The varying scope of decentralization affects the quality, quick and efficient decision-making by public leaders. Aim: Comparison of the extent of fiscal decentralisation in EU Member States; creation of groups of states with similar levels of decentralisation;...
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The shape of an ROC curve in the evaluation of credit scoring models
PublicationThe AUC, i.e. the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, or its scaled version, the Gini coefficient, are the standard measures of the discriminatory power of credit scoring. Using binormal ROC curve models, we show how the shape of the curves affects the economic benefits of using scoring models with the same AUC. Based on the results, we propose that the shape parameter of the fitted ROC curve is reported...
Year 2023
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Artificial intelligence and productivity: global evidence from AI patent and bibliometric data
PublicationIn this paper we analyse the relationship between technological innovation in the artificial intelligence (AI) domain and macroeconomic productivity. We embed recently released data on patents and publications related to AI in an augmented model of productivity growth, which we estimate for the OECD countries and compare to an extended sample including non-OECD countries. Our estimates provide evidence in favour of the modern productivity...
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Artificial intelligence and productivity: global evidence from AI patent and bibliometric data .
PublicationIn this paper we analyse the relationship between technological innovation in the artificial intelligence (AI) domain and macroeconomic productivity. We embed recently released data on patents and publications related to AI in an augmented model of productivity growth, which we estimate for the OECD countries and compare to an extended sample including non-OECD countries. Our estimates provide evidence in favour of the modern...
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CONDITIONS OF THE GREEN TRANSFORMATION. THE CASE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
PublicationThe main purpose of the paper is to identify the factors that determine the course of green transformation and to assess the current stage and possible directions of change in subsequent years in EU countries. The literature lacks comprehensive studies that show the impact of diverse types of factors on the course of green transformation. For this purpose, two perspectives of the research – economic and environmental – are usually...
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Dependent self-employed individuals: are they different from paid employees?
PublicationThis study focuses on dependent self-employment, which covers a situation where a person works for the same employer as a typical worker while on a self-employment contractual basis, i.e., without a traditional employment contract and without certain rights granted to "regular" employees. The research exploits the individual-level dataset of 35 European countries extracted from the 2017 edition of the European Labour Force Survey...
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Driving forces of informal employment: An empirical study based on Polish enterprise data
PublicationObjective: The article aims to indicate the determinants of informal employment in registered enterprises using company-level evidence from Poland. Research Design & Methods: The survey conducted among Polish small and medium-sized (SME) enterprises in 2018 was used to find the driving forces of informal employment in Poland. The adequate sample comprised 952 representative surveys derived from the computer-assisted telephone...
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Edu Inspiracje WZiE: Active Learning, czyli o mocy aktywnego przetwarzania informacji
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Edu Inspiracje WZiE: Sztuczna inteligencja w edukacji. Czy strach ma wielkie oczy?
PublicationNa dzień dzisiejszy bardzo trudno jest odróżnić treści pisane przez człowieka od tych generowanych przez AI, a najsmutniejsze jest to, że wszyscy, którzy używają pożyczonej inteligencji w nadmiarze, pozbawiają się okazji do uczenia i rozwoju. W rezultacie życie staje się łatwiejsze, ale mądrości jakby ubywa. W artykule dokonano krytycznego przeglądu narzędzi i algorytmów opartych o sztuczną inteligencję wspierający procesy edukacyjne.
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Equivalence scales for continuous distributions of expenditure
PublicationResearch background: In the actual sizable populations of households, the standard microeconomic concept of equivalence scales is intractable since its necessary condition of equality of household welfare levels is unlikely to be fulfilled. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to develop a concept of an equivalence scale, which can be suitable for continuous distributions of expenditures in the population. Methods: Using household...
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ESG investing during the Covid-19 crisis. Evidence from Central European Stock Exchanges
PublicationAs COVID-19 turned into a global pandemic, world markets gradually began to recover after initial dynamic declines. Restrictions, and their subsequent loosening, were, and are, not without significance for the financial markets. These particular circumstances provide a unique opportunity to contribute to the literature by focusing on the potential resilience of ESG (environmental, social and governance) investing in an era of crisis....
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Free trade with the former COMECON Countries as Unequal Exchange
PublicationTwo authors of this chapter were born to the East of what was once The Iron Curtain and two to the West. From both angles, the two systems – capitalism and communism – seemed to be as contrary to each other as possible. Few people are aware that in terms of industrial and trade policy, both classical capitalism and communism had a common root in the theories of German economist Friedrich List (1789-1846) (List, 1841). In fact,...
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Global energy transition: From the main determinants to economic challenges regions
PublicationDynamic global energy transition has been accelerating for the last decade. Interestingly, the energy transition is multidimensional and concerns both the dimensions of technique/ technology and the economic, social, institu-tional, and legal spheres (Shuguang et al., 2022; Tzeremes et al., 2022; Ram-zan et al., 2022; Tzeremes et al., 2022). The literature also points to the signif-icant impact of the digitization of the global...
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Global value chains and wages under different wage setting mechanisms
PublicationThis study examines whether, and how, differences in wage bargaining schemes shape the relationship between global value chains (GVCs) and the wages of workers while considering both GVC participation and position in GVC. Our dataset is derived from the European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES), containing employee–employer data from 18 European countries, merged with sectoral data from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD)....
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Harmonization and Quality Assurance of Income and Wealth Data: The Case of LIS.
PublicationComparability of concepts in survey data harmonization is essential for scientific analyses. LIS – also known as the Luxembourg Income Study or LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg – acquires and harmonizes income and wealth microdata to provide the scientific community with a comparable database that is unique in the world in its growing temporal and geographic breadth. Over many decades, scholars worldwide have used the...
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Impact assessment culture in the European Union. Time for something new?
PublicationCurrent approaches and cultures for the economic evaluations of environmental and health policies may suffer from excessive reliance on a standard neoclassic economic toolbox that neglects alternative perspectives. This may prematurely limit the spectrum of available policy options. Here we show how the inclusion of neglected currents of thought such as non-Ricardian economics, bioeconomics and a set of qualitative-quantitative...
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Labour share and income inequalities in the European Union, taking into account the level of development of economies
Publicationesearch background: The relationship between labour share and income inequality is a complex and multifaceted problem. Despite ongoing discussions among economists, there is still no consensus on the direction of the relationship between labour share and income ine-quality. Purpose of the article: The article aims to assess the impact of labour share on income inequal-ity, which is measured in three ways: the Gini index...
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Mathematical modelling: Lessons from composite indicators
PublicationWe discuss here composite indicators as mathematical models, which can be looked at through the lenses of the five rules discussed in this volume. Composite indicators sit between analysis and advocacy, and their use has social and political implications. For this reason, the lenses of the manifesto can be used to build them better, to make them more transparent, as well as to inspect incumbent indicators for methodological or...
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Mind the framing: Match purpose and context
PublicationIn several ways, the following chapters will allude to the concept of frames. The assumptions of a mathematical model tell us what it can explain and what it cannot (see chapter 5). The trade-off between the usefulness of a mathemati- cal model and the scale of complexity it seeks to capture further conditions the narrative, highlighting or downsizing cognitive elements relevant to responsible modelling (see ‘Mathematics and tales’...
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Nonstandard Equivalence Scales and their Applications for European Union Countries
PublicationThe aim of this study is twofold. First, we propose new methods of estimating equivalence scales. We call these methods nonstandard to distinguish them from the standard procedures based on the microeconomic theory of demand systems. Searching for the ‘as simple as possible’ method has been a leitmotiv of this study. Second, we estimate various forms of equivalence scales for 28 European Union (EU) member countries and four non-member...
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Pluralist View on Inequality from Luxemburg Income Study (LIS)
PublicationThe authors start by reviewing the history of the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), originating from an interdisciplinary project involving economists, sociologists, and political scientists, centered on the cross-country perspective in inequality analysis. They then conduct a meta-analysis of the papers produced by scholars who have taken advantage of the data availability, showing how the theme of income/wealth inequality has been...
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SDGs implementation, their synergies, and trade-offs in EU countries – Sensitivity analysis-based approach
PublicationSustainable development is one of the most urgent challenges facing humanity. Its basic principle is to improve people’s well-being and maintain it over time. In 2015, the United Nations approved 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to ensure a better and sustainable future for all, balancing economic, social and environmental development. SDGs create an ‘indivisible whole’; thus, examining their interactions is crucial. Our...
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The assessment of solar photovoltaic in Poland: the photovoltaics potential, perspectives and development
PublicationThe following article explains the current condition of the photovoltaics sector both in Poland and worldwide. Recently, a rapid development of solar energy has been observed in Poland and is estimated that the country now has about 700,000 photovoltaics prosumers. In October 2021, the total photovoltaics power in Poland amounted to nearly 5.7 GW. The calculated technical potential of photovoltaics in Poland is 153.484 PJ (42.634...
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The Challenge of Quantification: An Interdisciplinary Reading
PublicationThe present work looks at what we call “the multiverse of quantification”, where visible and invisible numbers permeate all aspects and venues of life. We review the contributions of different authors who focus on the roles of quantification in society, with the aim of capturing different and sometimes separate voices. Several scholars, including economists, jurists, philosophers, sociologists, communication and data scientists,...
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The effect of impacted third molars on second molar external root resorption, a cross-sectional cone beam computed tomography study
PublicationBackground: Third molars have the highest prevalence of impaction in teeth and can cause pathological damage on the adjacent second molars. This study aims to evaluate the effects of factors related to impacted third molars on external root resorption (ERR) in adjacent second molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: In CBCTs, the effect of impacted third molars on the root surface of adjacent second...
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The Employment of Ukrainians as an Opportunity to Fill the Labour Market in Poland – Selected Issues
PublicationThe labour market in Poland has undergone signifi cant transformations over the past two decades. The observed changes have been infl uenced by various factors related to, among other things, the possibility of free movement of the population resulting from membership of EU structures, demographic changes, technological changes, and the automation and robotisation of production processes. Demographic change is becoming a signifi...
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The regional energy transformation in the context of renewable energy sources potential
PublicationThe topics addressed in the article concern the problem of exploiting the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) at the regional level and the problem of the course of regional energy transition processes. Throughout the world, energy transition proceeds in a specific way for each country, due to the different potential of the selected RES and political, institutional and socio-economic conditions. Energy transition processes...
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thestats: An Open-Data R Package for Exploring Turkish Higher Education Statistics
PublicationThere are open datasets available for official statistics, finance, education, and a variety of other domains. The open datasets are published by third-party vendors as well as official authorities. For example, The Turkish Higher Education Council maintains a web portal dedicated to higher education in Türkiye. Detailed datasets about universities, faculties, and departments can be obtained from the portal. Using the data provided...
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When all we have is not enough: a search for the optimal method of quantifying inflation expectations
PublicationAlthough inflation expectations are pivotal variables for central banks, they are not directly observable. Therefore, central banks use qualitative survey results to proxy consumer expectations, and their quantification in this manner is often criticized. In this study, we investigate and identify an optimal quantification procedure for survey results based on a set of regression and probabilistic models. Specifically, we seek...