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Removal of selected sulfonamides and sulfonamide resistance genes from wastewater in full-scale constructed wetlands
Abstract
Sulfonamides are high-consumption antibiotics that reach the aquatic environment. The threat related to their presence in wastewater and the environment is not only associated with their antibacterial properties, but also with risk of the spread of drug resistance in bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of eight commonly used sulfonamides, sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1–3) and integrase genes intI1–3 in five full-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) differing in design (including hybrid systems) and in the source of wastewater (agricultural drainage, domestic sewage/surface runoff, and animal runs runoff in a zoo). The CWs were located in low-urbanized areas in Poland and in Czechia. No sulfonamides were detected in the CW treating agricultural tile drainage water. In the other four systems, four sulfonamide compounds were detected. Sulfamethoxazole exhibited the highest concentration in those four CWs and its highest was 12,603.23 ± 1000.66 ng/L in a CW treating a mixture of domestic sewage and surface runoff. Despite the high removal efficiencies of sulfamethoxazole in the tested CWs (86 %–99 %), it was still detected in the treated wastewater. The sul1 genes occurred in all samples of raw and treated wastewater and their abundance did not change significantly after the treatment process and it was, predominantly, at the level 105 gene copies numbers/mL. Noteworthy, sul2 genes were only found in the influents, and sul3 were not detected. The sulfonamides can be removed in CWs, but their elimination is not complete. However, hybrid CWs treating sewage were superior in decreasing the relative abundance of genes and the concentration of SMX. CWs may play a role in the dissemination of sulfonamide resistance genes of the sul1 type and other determinants of drug resistance, such as the intI1 gene, in the environment, however, the magnitude of this phenomenon is a matter of further research.
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Authors (7)
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Ewa Felis
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, ul. Akademicka 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Polan
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Adam Sochacki dr inż.
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Ecology, Kamýck´a 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Sylwia Bajkacz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, ul. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Krzysztof Józwiakowski
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Production Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, ul. Leszczy´nskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
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Joan García
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Polit`ecnica de Catalunya- BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Ecology, Kamýck´a 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
no. 912,
ISSN: 0048-9697 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2024
- Bibliographic description:
- Felis E., Sochacki A., Bajkacz S., Łuczkiewicz A., Józwiakowski K., García J., Vymazal J.: Removal of selected sulfonamides and sulfonamide resistance genes from wastewater in full-scale constructed wetlands// SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT -Vol. 912, (2024),
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169195
- Sources of funding:
-
- Adam Sochacki acknowledges a Czech Science Foundation grant (project No. 19-12184Y). Ewa Felis acknowledges the Rector's proquality grant no. 08/070/RGJ22/0014, Silesian University of Technology (Poland), Ministry of Education and Science (Poland).
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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