Abstract

Simultaneous use of porous media and nanofluid as a heat transfer improvement method has recently captivated a great deal of attention. The heat transfer and entropy production of the Cu-water nanofluid inside a cubic container with a heated bottom wavy wall and an elliptic inner cylinder were numerically analyzed in this study. The container is partitioned into two sections: the left side is filled with permeable media and nanofluid, and the right side is filled with the same nanofluid. Using the finite-element method (FEM) to resolve the governing equations, the heat transfer rate in a cubic enclosure loaded with homogeneous porous layers is investigated for various parameters, i.e., Ra number (10³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁶), Ha number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), Da number (10^-5 ≤ Da ≤ 10^-2), number of undulations (0 ≤ N ≤ 5), and inclined angle (0 ≤ γ ≤ 90). The outcomes are summarized according to streamlines, isotherms, isentropic lines, Nusselt number, and entropy production for different cases. It is shown that increasing Ra and Da numbers have the most significant positive impacts on the heat transfer while rising the Ha would reduce the Nu_avg by 45.2% and maximize the entropy generation. Also, the horizontal position of the inner cylinder provides a better condition for circulation of the nanofluid flow and subsequently higher heat transfer rate.

Citations

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