Search results for: BIO-BASED THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE ELASTOMER FULLY BIO-BASED LINEAR POLYESTER POLYOL CHEMICAL STRUCTURE THERMAL ANALYSIS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

• Construction Management, WILIS, Civil Engineering, sem. I, 2023/2024

  e-Learning Courses

  • M. Apollo
  • M. Pawelska-Mazur

  Techniques and methods of organization and planning in construction projects - review. Analysis of construction schedule. Ms Project as a construction planning tool.

• Magnetism from fundamentals to spintronics 22/23

  e-Learning Courses

  • L. Piotrowski

  1. Basic magnetic quantities2. Magnetism of atoms and molecules, atoms in external magnetic fields3. Solid state magnetism, types of magnetic materials (dia-, para-, and ferromagnetism)4. Ferromagnetism and domain structures5. Magnetism of small particles, single domain particles (StonerWohlfarth model), thin films6. Experimental techniques of magnetic properties and magnetisation state determination. Domain structurevisualisation...

• Wprowadzenie do analiz egzergetycznych, PG_00059783

  e-Learning Courses

  • P. Ziółkowski

  The aim of the course is to present the basic issues to carry out the balance of exergy and entropy in addition to the balance of mass and energy. To show the definition of the maximum work that a certain matter can do in a thermodynamic process when transitioning to equilibrium with its surroundings.  To refer to chemical exergy and show the application of the exergy balance to define losses in a thermodynamic cycle.

• Geometria wykreślna I, 2022/23

  e-Learning Courses

  • J. M. Kowalewska
  • M. Malewczyk
  • B. A. Chomicka
  • D. Cyparski
  • A. Wancław

  {mlang pl}Kurs „Geometria wykreślna I” łączy w sobie elementy kształcenia tradycyjnego z e-nauczaniem. Przeznaczony jest dla studentów kierunku Architektura, sem. 1, studia inżynierskie I stopnia. Tematyka dotyczy graficznej prezentacji obiektów 3D na płaszczyźnie, ich restytucji na podstawie rzutów oraz rozwiązywania prostych problemów przestrzennych. Treść nauczania obejmuje założenia metody rzutów prostokątnych na dwie rzutnie...

• Głębokie Sieci Neuronowe Do Analizy Danych

  e-Learning Courses

  • T. M. Boiński
  • K. Draszawka

  {mlang pl}Kurs przeznaczony jest dla studentów kierunku Inżynieria Danych.{mlang} {mlang en}Course for Data Analysis students.{mlang}

• DAYLIGHT IN ARCHITECTURE (Elective Project I: MSc term 1) - 23-24

  e-Learning Courses

  • N. Sokół

  The objectives of this course are:   To familiarize students with the role and importance of daylight in shaping building spaces and interiors. To learn about the basics of daylight simulations in the context of complex design decisions and for LEED and BREEAM, integrated design purposes. Proposed assignments 1 & 2: 1. Daylight analysis exterior, the interior of the iconic building (sunlight provision, daylight factor, and...

• Elective Project II: MOVABLE HOUSE – the home of a Modern Nomad

  e-Learning Courses

  • K. Zielińska-Dąbkowska
  • M. Gawdzik

    As part of the elective seminar, students working in groups of 3 people will prepare architectural and lighting concept for an international competition: "MOVABLE HOUSE – The Home of a Modern Nomad " organized by the Polish Lighting Industry Association), co-organized by Goczołowie Architekci OVO Grąbczewscy Architects and the SOMA Agency, the organizer of the International LIGHT Fair. More information here about the competition...

• Global Trends 2022

  e-Learning Courses

  • L. Segreto

  The course reflects on the different models of capitalism, starting with the debate on "Varieties of capitalism". It will deal with the relationships between historical dimension, juridical and economic cultures, institutions, financial markets and ownership structures in today's world economy. The aim of the course is trying to give an answer to a couple of very simple questions: why economic systems react in a different way...

• ENG_Architectural Design sem 6_2022_2023_KAMiUP

  e-Learning Courses

  • T. Zybała
  • J. Borucka
  • W. Targowski
  • P. Czyż

  The course concerns the shaping of marketplace facilities with accompanying functions. The course presents a multifaceted approach to the issues, including technical, legal, economic, environmental, and cultural issues. The aim of the course, based on a case study in Gdańsk (Marketplace Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz (Targowisko Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz) and its surroundings), is to understand the problem of regeneration of exhibition spaces and to develop...

• Geotechnics

  e-Learning Courses

  • L. Bałachowski

  The course is divided into two parts. The first is related to in-situ tests and their applications for the design of shallow and deep foundations. The second part is related to models of soil behavior and numerical analysis in geotechnical engineering.

• Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations

  e-Learning Courses

  • M. Rewieński

  Course description: This course focuses on modern numerical techniques for linear and nonlinear elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs), and integral equations fundamental to a large variety of applications in science and engineering. Topics include: formulations of problems in terms of initial and boundary value problems; finite difference and finite element discretizations; boundary element approach;...

• Management and economic of engineer projects

  e-Learning Courses

  • A. Ossowska

  Lectures  - 05 October-30 November, 2023 1. Project management: Engineers, projects, management, planning and scheduling, personnel and organizational, team building, project control, estimating and ordering. 2. Team building: personality types, team effectiveness. 3. Project management: WBS, Gantt, Earned Value Method, critical path, risk management. 4. Economic Engineering: Establishing economic equivalence, Interest: cost...

• Geotechnics 2023/2024

  e-Learning Courses

  • L. Bałachowski
  • M. Cudny
  • J. Konkol

  The course is divided into two parts: 1) Interpretation of in-situ tests and their application to foundation design 2) Soil models, interpretation of laboratory tests and their application to numerical analysis in geotechnics

• Process engineering in circular economy 22/23

  e-Learning Courses

  • J. Mąkinia

  Background of the circular economy What is the circular economy? (Definition) How is the circular economy different from a linear economy? How do materials circulate in the circular economy? The circular economy and sustainable development How to measure circularity? Link between the circular economy and life cycle assessment (LCA) What are the benefits of the circular economy? The circular economy policies and governance Wastewater...

• Nutrient removal in municipal wastewater treatment

  e-Learning Courses

  • E. Zaborowska

  This series of lectures and interactive teaching sessions will cover all the important aspects of nutrient removal in municipal wastewater treatment. There will be five sessions. The topics of the sessions are: 1) Nutrient removal – why, how and what has been achieved?; 2) Biological treatment processes and conventional nitrogen removal; 3) Shortcut nitrogen removal processes and climate implication of nitrogen removal; 4) Biological...

• Zaawansowane metody wytwarzania – teoria i praktyka [Moduł obowiązkowy, grupy A i B]

  e-Learning Courses

  • M. Deja

  Prowadzący: dr hab. inż. Mariusz Deja, prof. PG Terminy: 2 kwietnia 08:30-11:30, 23 kwietnia 08:30-11:30, 7 maja 08:30-11:30, 14 maja 08:30-11:30, 21 maja 08:30-11:30 (5 spotkań online x 3 godz.) Tematyka realizowanego przedmiotu obejmuje: Podstawowe koncepcje wytwarzania i nowoczesne centra obróbcze. Właściwości i możliwości współczesnych obrabiarek, nowe materiały narzędziowe (1 W). Trendy w rozwoju wytwarzania ze wspomaganiem...

• SELECTED PROBLEMS OF MACHINE DYNAMICS (2024)

  e-Learning Courses

  • M. K. Gerigk

  The course is devoted towards lectures assocuated with the novel issues of machine and structures dynamics.  The following lectures will be given during the SPMD course: - introduction to selected problems of machine dynamics, - definition of the machine and structure working environment, - internal and external loads on machines and structures, - dynamics of machines and structures, - strength of machines and structures, - special...

• Economic growth_winter2022_2023

  e-Learning Courses

  • J. Wolszczak-Derlacz

  By the completion of the course student should be able to: a) identify and use key concepts related to the growth theories and process of convergence, b) apply comparative analytical skills necessary for cross-cultural analysis, c) curry an independent research on selected topics and to present the results in a well-organized way.

• Revitalisation - Architectural and urban project ORUNIA UPDATE Grupa K. Piątkowska, J. Martyniuk Pęczek 2021/22

  e-Learning Courses

  • M. Leszczyński
  • K. Piątkowska
  • J. Martyniuk-Pęczek
  • A. Wancław
  • M. Wojtkiewicz

  ORUNIA - UPDATE - architectural and urban revitalization of Orunia areas in the area of ​​Sandomierska, Równa, Głuche and Przy Torze Streets. Creation of a new, multi-functional city space. Development of a master plan for a district indicated by the city that requires the development of a revitalization strategy, designing a new architectural and urban structure with a complex function, development of a selected fragment of...

• Projektowanie Aplikacji Internetowych 2022/23

  e-Learning Courses

  • J. Kuchta

  {mlang en}Web Application Design covers the software design phase, which falls between the analysis of the problem domain and the implementation of the program in the code. It shows the rules and guidelines for application design in general, with particular emphasis on web application design problems. Teaches systematic design in aspects of system architecture, application logic, user interface and data structure. Emphasizes the...

• Projektowanie Aplikacji Internetowych 2023/24

  e-Learning Courses

  • J. Kuchta

  {mlang en}Web Application Design covers the software design phase, which falls between the analysis of the problem domain and the implementation of the program in the code. It shows the rules and guidelines for application design in general, with particular emphasis on web application design problems. Teaches systematic design in aspects of system architecture, application logic, user interface and data structure. Emphasizes the...

• Group project (NT2-eng. sem.3) - 2023

  e-Learning Courses

  • A. Witkowska

  Course for 2nd degree Students of Nanotechnology, sem. 3. The aim of the course is to prepare students for teamwork by implementing a project involving the analysis of the problem by the team, presenting a proposal to solve the problem, conducting research/tests and preparing a report.

• [NCh, ICh] Physical Chemistry of Organic Compounds in Natural Waters

  e-Learning Courses

  {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: Nauki chemiczne Zajęcia obieralne dla doktorantów Prowadzący:  prof. dr hab. Tadeusz Górecki Liczba godzin: 15   {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: Chemical science Elective course for  PhD students Academic teacher: prof. dr hab. inż. Tadeusz Górecki Total hours of training: 15 teaching hours {mlang}

• Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics EE Msc sem. I r.a. 22/23

  e-Learning Courses

  • P. Zima
  • A. M. Mustafa

  Basic definitions. Physical properties of liquids. Forces acting on fluids. Hydrostatics - basic equations. Pressure on a flat and curved wall. Buoyancy. Archimedes' law. Balance of submerged bodies. The balance of floating bodies. Hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamic quantities. Continuity equation for the liquid stream. Bernoulli equation. Basic laws of hydrodynamics. Equation of mass behavior, preservation of the amount of motion, Bernoulli's...

• Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics EE Msc sem. I r.a. 23/24

  e-Learning Courses

  • P. Zima

  Basic definitions. Physical properties of liquids. Forces acting on fluids. Hydrostatics - basic equations. Pressure on a flat and curved wall. Buoyancy. Archimedes' law. Balance of submerged bodies. The balance of floating bodies. Hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamic quantities. Continuity equation for the liquid stream. Bernoulli equation. Basic laws of hydrodynamics. Equation of mass behavior, preservation of the amount of motion, Bernoulli's...

• Komputerowa Analiza Konstrukcji 2022/2023

  e-Learning Courses

  • Ł. Żmuda-Trzebiatowski
  • M. Krajewski
  • M. Sondej
  • M. A. Zmuda Trzebiatowski
  • K. Żerdzicki
  • Ł. Smakosz
  • P. Kłosowski

  Budownictwo, rok 3, sem 6 Celem kursu jest zapoznanie się z podstawami metod komputerowej analizy konstrukcji od strony teoretycznej oraz praktycznej, poprzez pracę w środowisku obliczeniowym metody elementów skończonych na przykładzie programu Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional.

• Komputerowa Analiza Konstrukcji 2023/2024

  e-Learning Courses

  • Ł. Żmuda-Trzebiatowski
  • A. Ambroziak
  • M. Krajewski
  • M. Sondej
  • M. A. Zmuda Trzebiatowski
  • K. Żerdzicki
  • Ł. Smakosz
  • P. Kłosowski

  Budownictwo, rok 3, sem 6 Celem kursu jest zapoznanie się z podstawami metod komputerowej analizy konstrukcji od strony teoretycznej oraz praktycznej, poprzez pracę w środowisku obliczeniowym metody elementów skończonych na przykładzie programu Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional.

• Zaawansowane metody wytwarzania-teoria i praktyka

  e-Learning Courses

  • M. Deja

  Prowadzący: dr hab. inż. Mariusz Deja, prof. PG Terminy realizacji zajęć: 1 spotkanie: 11.05.2024 - 8.30-11.30- 3h 2 spotkanie: 18.05.2024 - 8.30-11.30- 3h 3 spotkanie: 25.05.2024 - 8.30-11.30-3h 4 spotkanie: 08.06.2024 - 8.30-11.30-3h 5 spotkanie: 09.06.2024 - 8.30-11.30-3h Tematyka realizowanego przedmiotu obejmuje: Podstawowe koncepcje wytwarzania i nowoczesne centra obróbcze. Właściwości i możliwości współczesnych obrabiarek,...

• Group project (NT2-eng. sem.3) - 2022

  e-Learning Courses

  • L. Wicikowski
  • J. Ryl
  • J. Karczewski
  • A. D. Mielewczyk-Gryń
  • A. Witkowska

  Course for 2nd degree Students of Nanotechnology, sem. 3, academic year 2022/2023. The aim of the course is to prepare students for teamwork by implementing a project involving the analysis of the problem by the team, presenting a proposal to solve the problem, conducting research/tests and preparing a report.

• Mathematical and numerical modelling,W,IDE-EMSS,IIst,sem.01,lato,2023/24 (PG_00057379)

  e-Learning Courses

  • K. J. Kaliński

  Modelling of controlled mechanical systems by the mixed method of rigid and flexible finite elements: The finite element volume problems. Dynamics of multibody systems. Modelling of stationary closed loop systems. Modelling of systems whose configuration changes with time. Modelling of nonlinear controlled systems. Optimal control at energy performance index: Control of continuous nonstationary systems in domain of generalised...

• Mathematical and Numerical Modelling, L, IDE IInd, sem.01, summer, 2022/23(00057379)

  e-Learning Courses

  • K. J. Kaliński

  Modelling of controlled mechanical systems by the mixed method of rigid and flexible finite elements: The finite element volume problems. Dynamics of multibody systems. Modelling of stationary closed loop systems. Modelling of systems whose configuration changes with time. Modelling of nonlinear controlled systems. Optimal control at energy performance index: Control of continuous nonstationary systems in domain of generalised...

• Mechanics of materials (PG_00057378), W/Ć, BM, II stop., sem1,3, lato, 2023/24

  e-Learning Courses

  • B. Rozmarynowski
  • P. M. Bielski

  The aim of this course is providing knowledge in the field of analysis and solving problems of mechanics and strength of one-dimensional systems (bars, beams, frames) and selected two-dimensional systems (shields, plates); preparing the student to solve problems involving complex cases of material strength; developing the ability to assess the stability of structural elements (forms of stability loss, critical forces); consolidation...

• Elective design I: Cultural Heritage Routes – Gdańsk Fortification System - 2022/2023 Project PROMETHEUS

  e-Learning Courses

  • J. Badach
  • J. Borucka
  • J. Szczepański
  • L. Nyka
  • S. Kowalski

  Elective design I:Cultural Heritage Routes – Gdańsk Fortification Systemfor MSc in Arch. Seminars & assignments: 30 hTeacher: akub Szczepański, Justyna Borucka,  Robert Hirsch  Piotr Samól,  Szymon Kowalski, Joanna Badach + Visiting Prof. Sandro Parrinello (from Pavia University) Cultural Heritage Routes – Gdańsk Fortification System This course explores challenges, conflicts and concepts of cultural heritage preservation...

• [IMe] Modern optimisation methods

  e-Learning Courses

  • K. Tesch

  {mlang pl} Dyscyplina:  Inżynieria Mechaniczna Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I roku Prowadzący:   dr hab. inż. K. Tesch Liczba godzin: 20h Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: Mechanical Engineering Obligatory course for 1st year PhD students Academic teacher:  dr hab. inż. K. Tesch Total hours of training: 20 teaching hours Course type: lecture {mlang}

• [IMe] Modern optimisation methods

  e-Learning Courses

  • K. Tesch

  {mlang pl} Dyscyplina:  Inżynieria Mechaniczna Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I roku Prowadzący:   Prof. dr hab. inż. K. Tesch Liczba godzin: 20h Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: Mechanical Engineering Obligatory course for 1st year PhD students Academic teacher:  Prof. dr hab. inż. K. Tesch Total hours of training: 20 teaching hours Course type: lecture {mlang}

• QUEUE II Winter School

  e-Learning Courses

  • M. Czachor
  • J. Szostak
  • J. Borucka
  • M. Bobrowski

  QUEUE = QUantum and molEcUlEsIt's a school organized for all those young scientists and students who wish to learn on the basics and advances in quantum ideas and methodologies and its practical applications for living problems in chemistry, electrochemistry and material sciences. The students will learn on how to perform the quantum-chemical computations, because we have planned a big block of laboratories, aside from lectures,...

• [NCh, IMa] Health Effects of Food Components

  e-Learning Courses

  • A. Bartoszek-Pączkowska

  {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: nauki chemiczne, inżynieria materiałowa Zajęcia fakultatywne dla doktorantów I i II roku  Prowadzący:  prof. dr hab. inż. Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska Liczba godzin: 15 Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: chemical sciences, materials engineering Facultative course for 1st and 2nd-year PhD students Academic teachers: prof. dr hab. inż. Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska Total hours...

• QUEUE I Summer School

  e-Learning Courses

  • M. Czachor
  • A. Bartłomiejczyk
  • J. Szostak
  • J. Borucka
  • M. Hoppe
  • M. Bobrowski

  QUEUE = QUantum and molEcUlEsIt's a school organized for all those young scientists and students who wish to learn on the basics and advances in quantum ideas and methodologies and its practical applications for living problems in chemistry, electrochemistry and material sciences. The students will learn on how to perform the quantum-chemical computations, because we have planned a big block of laboratories, aside from lectures,...

• QUEUE III Summer School

  e-Learning Courses

  • M. Czachor
  • I. Kuzborska
  • J. Szostak
  • J. Borucka
  • M. Bobrowski
  • B. Mielewska

  QUEUE = QUantum and molEcUlEsIt's a school organized for all those young scientists and students who wish to learn on the basics and advances in quantum ideas and methodologies and its practical applications for living problems in chemistry, electrochemistry and material sciences. The students will learn on how to perform the quantum-chemical computations, because we have planned a big block of laboratories, aside from lectures,...

• Hydro and marine civil engineering (2023-2024)

  e-Learning Courses

  • W. Sterpejkowicz-Wersocki
  • A. M. Mustafa
  • W. Magda

  Kurs realizowany na Wydziale Inżynierii Lądowej i Środowiska  (WILiŚ) Politechniki Gdańskiej. Studia:   II stopnia - magisterskie, stacjonarne Kierunek: Budownictwo Semestr:  1 (letni) Presentation of basic hydro and marine civil engineering structures together with basic computational procedures for determining environmental forces acting on a structure (vertical-wall breakwater, rubble mound breakwater, submarine pipelines...

• Hydro and marine civil engineering (2020-2021)

  e-Learning Courses

  • W. Sterpejkowicz-Wersocki
  • A. M. Mustafa
  • W. Magda

  Kurs realizowany na Wydziale Inżynierii Lądowej i Środowiska  (WILiŚ) Politechniki Gdańskiej. Studia:   II stopnia - magisterskie, stacjonarne Kierunek: Budownictwo Semestr:  1 (letni) Presentation of basic hydro and marine civil engineering structures together with basic computational procedures for determining environmental forces acting on a structure (vertical-wall breakwater, rubble mound breakwater, submarine pipelines...

• Hydro and marine civil engineering (2021-2022)

  e-Learning Courses

  • W. Sterpejkowicz-Wersocki
  • A. M. Mustafa
  • W. Magda

  Kurs realizowany na Wydziale Inżynierii Lądowej i Środowiska  (WILiŚ) Politechniki Gdańskiej. Studia:   II stopnia - magisterskie, stacjonarne Kierunek: Budownictwo Semestr:  1 (letni) Presentation of basic hydro and marine civil engineering structures together with basic computational procedures for determining environmental forces acting on a structure (vertical-wall breakwater, rubble mound breakwater, submarine pipelines...

• Process Engineering in Circular Economy

  e-Learning Courses

  • J. Mąkinia

  Kurs jest przeznaczony dla doktorantów szkoły doktorskiej w dyscyplnach: inżynieria lądowa i transport (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne   The course is addressed to PhD students of the doctoral school in disciplines: civil engineering and transport environmental engineering, mining and power engineering Course type: lecture Total hours of...

• [ILiT, IŚGiE] Process engineering in circular economy - Nowy

  e-Learning Courses

  • J. Mąkinia

  Kurs jest przeznaczony dla doktorantów szkoły doktorskiej w dyscyplnach: inżynieria lądowa i transport (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne The course is addressed to PhD students of the doctoral school in disciplines: civil engineering and transport environmental engineering, mining and power engineering Course type: lecture Total hours of...

• [ILiT, IŚGiE] Process engineering in circular economy 20/21 Summer

  e-Learning Courses

  • J. Mąkinia

  Kurs jest przeznaczony dla doktorantów szkoły doktorskiej w dyscyplnach: inżynieria lądowa i transport (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne The course is addressed to PhD students of the doctoral school in disciplines: civil engineering and transport environmental engineering, mining and power engineering Course type: lecture Total hours of...

• Fluid Mechanics, L/L/E, DaPE, sem. 04, summer 21/22 (PG_00050282)

  e-Learning Courses

  • K. Tesch
  • M. Banaszek

  LECTURES Introduction and basic definitions. Properties of fluids. Models of fluids. Fluids in equilibrium. Determination of hydrostatic forces. Archimedes" law. Methods of fluid flow description. General motion of fluid. Deformation of fluid element. Vortex motion of fluid. Principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. Balance of entropy. Navier-Stokes equation. Bernoulli equation. Similarity of flow phenomena. Potential...

• Projekt Fakultatywny II/ Elective Design II 2020/2021 S.Hudnik+K.Życzkowska

  e-Learning Courses

  • K. Życzkowska

  SUPERSURFACE – an alternative model for life The studio will explore an alternative architectural models for contemporary society in the context of different political, cultural, economic and environmental contexts. Temporal living and technology links the general fashion principles with architecture. The projects will investigate the visionary scenarios through Superstudio movies Fundamental Acts and various concepts and structures...

• Hydraulics and Pneumatics

  e-Learning Courses

  • L. Osiecki

  The lecture covers the theoretical basics of hydraulic and pneumatic drive, simple systems encountered in practice and the elements included in these systems. Examples of applications of both types of drive in mechanical engineering are also presented, as well as their advantages and disadvantages compared to other types of drive.

• Zerowaste Architecture 2022/23

  e-Learning Courses

  • B. Kapica

  The issues of the classes include design in the spirit of "zerowaste", i.e. maximum use of existing tissue and the use of secondary building materials. In the face of climate change, construction should face the enormity of waste generated by this sector. Minimizing the production of a new substance and maximizing the use of the existing substance in combination with high aesthetic values is a considerable architectural challenge. The...

• Zerowaste Architecture 2023/24

  e-Learning Courses

  • B. Kapica

  The issues of the classes include design in the spirit of "zerowaste", i.e. maximum use of existing tissue and the use of secondary building materials. In the face of climate change, construction should face the enormity of waste generated by this sector. Minimizing the production of a new substance and maximizing the use of the existing substance in combination with high aesthetic values is a considerable architectural challenge. The...