Chlorine-free extraction and structural characterization of cellulose nanofibers from waste husk of millet (Pennisetum glaucum) - Publication - Bridge of Knowledge

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Chlorine-free extraction and structural characterization of cellulose nanofibers from waste husk of millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

Abstract

This study aims to extract cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from a sustainable source, i.e. millet husk, which is an agro-waste worthy of consideration. Pre-treatments such as mercerisation, steam explosion, and peroxide bleaching (chlorine-free) were applied for the removal of non-cellulosic components. The bleached millet husk pulp was subjected to acid hydrolysis (5% oxalic acid) followed by homogenization to extract CNFs. The extracted CNFs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Thermogravimetry (TG and DTG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (solid state 13C NMR). The isolated CNFs show a typical cellulose type-I structure with a diameter of 10-12 nm and a crystallinity index of 58.5%. The appearance of the specific peak at 89.31 ppm in the solid state 13C NMR spectra validates the existence of the type-I cellulose phase in the prepared CNFs. The prepared CNFs had a maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) of 341 °C, that was 31 °C greater than raw millet husk (RMH). The outcome of the study implies that the nanofibers are prominent alternatives for synthetic fibers for assorted potential applications, especially in manufacturing green composites.

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Category:
Articles
Type:
artykuły w czasopismach
Published in:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES no. 206, pages 92 - 104,
ISSN: 0141-8130
Language:
English
Publication year:
2022
Bibliographic description:
Midhun Dominic C., Raj V., Neenu K., Begum P. S., Formela K., Saeb M., Prabhu D. D., Poornima Vijayan P., Ajithkumar T., Parameswaranpillai J.: Chlorine-free extraction and structural characterization of cellulose nanofibers from waste husk of millet (Pennisetum glaucum)// INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES -Vol. 206, (2022), s.92-104
DOI:
Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.078
Verified by:
Gdańsk University of Technology

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