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Enhanced Toxicity of Bisphenols Together with UV Filters in Water: Identification of Synergy and Antagonism in Three-Component Mixtures
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) localize in the biome in variable combinations of complex mixtures that are often environmentally persistent, bioaccumulate and biomagnify, prompting a need for extensive monitoring. Many cosmetics include UV filters that are listed as CECs, such as benzophenone derivatives (oxybenzone, OXYB), cinnamates (2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, EMC) and camphor derivatives (4-methylbenzylidene-camphor, 4MBC). Furthermore, in numerous water sources, these UV filters have been detected together with Bisphenols (BPs), which are commonly used in plastics and can be physiologically detrimental. We utilized bioluminescent bacteria (Microtox assay) to monitor these CEC mixtures at environmentally relevant doses, and performed the first systematic study involving three sunscreen components (OXYB, 4MBC and EMC) and three BPs (BPA, BPS or BPF). Moreover, a breast cell line and cell viability assay were employed to determine the possible effect of these mixtures on human cells. Toxicity modeling, with concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) approaches, was performed, followed by data interpretation using Model Deviation Ratio (MDR) evaluation.
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Authors (6)
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Wen Liu
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience
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Michael Williams
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience
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Damia Barcelo
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA)
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Helgi B. Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience
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- Publication version
- Accepted or Published Version
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.3390/molecules27103260
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Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
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MOLECULES
no. 27,
ISSN: 1420-3049 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2022
- Bibliographic description:
- Kudłak B., Jatkowska N., Liu W., Williams M., Barcelo D., Schiöth H. B.: Enhanced Toxicity of Bisphenols Together with UV Filters in Water: Identification of Synergy and Antagonism in Three-Component Mixtures// MOLECULES -Vol. 27,iss. 10 (2022), s.3260-
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.3390/molecules27103260
- Sources of funding:
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- IDUB
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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