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Understainding solid-phase microextraction: key factors influencing the extraction process and trends in improving the technique
Abstract
Analytical chemists are faced with the daunting challenges of accurately monitoring the state of the environment and the processes taking place in it and of determining an enormous range of analytes often present in trace and ultratrace amounts in sample matrixes with complex or variable compositions. Further challenges are presented by the need to introduce new methodologies into current analytical practice and equipment to comply with the principles of sustainable development and green chemistry. Highest among these principles is the elimination or at least the substantial reduction of the quantities of reagents consumed (especially organic solvents and toxic compounds), solid and liquid wastes produced, and vapors and gases emitted. In analytical chemistry these principles are implemented above all by the utilization of ever more sensitive and automated instruments and of monitoring equipment which allows many analytes to be determined in a single analytical run, by the wide application of direct analytical techniques, operating in situ, and by the introduction of additional isolation and/or preconcentration steps prior to the final determination.
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- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuł w czasopiśmie wyróżnionym w JCR
- Published in:
-
CHEMICAL REVIEWS
no. 113,
edition 3,
pages 1667 - 1685,
ISSN: 0009-2665 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2013
- Bibliographic description:
- Spietelun A., Kloskowski A., Chrzanowski W., Namieśnik J.: Understainding solid-phase microextraction: key factors influencing the extraction process and trends in improving the technique// CHEMICAL REVIEWS. -Vol. 113, iss. 3 (2013), s.1667-1685
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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