Wyszukiwarka
prof. dr hab. inż. Jacek Mąkinia
Zatrudnienie
- Kierownik katedry w Katedra Inżynierii Sanitarnej
- Profesor w Katedra Inżynierii Sanitarnej
Publikacje
Filtry
wszystkich: 183
Katalog Publikacji
Rok 2008
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Effluent dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) studies in Poland
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań prowadzonych w 8 komunalnych oczyszczalniach ścieków w Polsce północnej. Badania obejmowały pomiar stężeń różnych frakcji azotu organicznego po części mechanicznej oraz w odpływie z oczyszczalni, profile podłużne stężeń wewnątrz komór osadu czynnego, a także analizę czyników wpływających na stężenia rozpuszczonego azotu organicznego w odpływie z badanych oczyszczalni.
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Estimation of autotrophic maximum specific growth rate constant-experience from the long-term operation of a laboratory-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor System
PublikacjaW pracy wykorzystano wyniki badań z długookresowej eksploatacji laboratoryjnego reaktora typu SBR do estymacji stałej szybkości przyrostu bakterii nitryfikacyjnych. Badania obejmowały zarówno pomiary empiryczne (doświadczenia przy niskim stosunku substratu do biomasy) oraz symulacje komputerowe. Do symulacji dynamicznych wykorzystano jedną wartość współczynnika = 1,2 1/d, pomimo różnych wartości mierzonych jednostkowych szybkości...
Rok 2023
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Electrochemical Production of Sodium Hypochlorite from Salty Wastewater Using a Flow-by Porous Graphite Electrode
PublikacjaThe production of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) from salty wastewater using an electrochemical cell has several advantages over other methods that often require hazardous chemicals and generate toxic waste, being more sustainable and environmentally friendly. However, the process of producing sodium hypochlorite using an electrochemical cell requires careful control of the operating conditions, such as the current density, flow rate,...
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Hydrochar-nanoparticle integration for arsenic removal from wastewater: Challenges, possible solutions, and future horizon
PublikacjaArsenic (As) contamination poses a significant threat to human health, ecosystems, and agriculture, with levels ranging from 12 to 75% attributed to mine waste and stream sediments. This naturally element is abundant in Earth's crust and gets released into the environment through mining and rock processing, causing ≈363 million people to depend on As-contaminated groundwater. To combat this issue, introducing a sustainable hydrochar...
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Impact of soluble organic matter and particulate organic matter on anammox system: Performance, microbial community and N2O production
PublikacjaIn this study, the effects of soluble readily biodegradable COD (sCOD) and particulate slowly biodegradable COD (pCOD) on anammox process were investigated. The results of the longterm experiment indicated that a low sCOD/N ratio of 0.5 could accelerate the anammox and denitrification activity, to reach as high as 84.9% ±2.8% TN removal efficiency. Partial denitrification-anammox (PDN/anammox) and denitrification were proposed...
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Integration of the sulfate reduction and anammox processes for enhancing sustainable nitrogen removal in granular sludge reactors
PublikacjaThe Anammox and Sulfate Reduction Ammonium Oxidation processes were compared in two granular sequencing batch reactors operated for 160 days under anammox conditions. It was hypothesized that increasing the concentration of SO42− may positively influence the rate of N removal under anaerobic conditions and it was tested whether SO42− reduction and anammox occur independently or are related to each other. The cooperation of N-S...
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Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively
PublikacjaGlobal food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has intensified recently to recover unused nutrients from waste streams. As a finite resource, phosphorus (P) is largely wasted. This work critically reviews the technical applicability of various water technologies to recover macro-nutrients such as P, N, and...
Rok 2022
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Energy and valuable organic products recovery from anaerobic processes
PublikacjaChapter 8 contains: Introduction, Energy balance in wastewater treatment plants and potential energy recovery, Potential valuable products recovery, Anaerobic processes focused on liquid products recovery; Anaerobic digestion (AD) processes focused on gaseous products recovery, Processes enhancing energy and valuable organic products recovery, Conclusions and perspectives. Anaerobic processes offer different pathways for the recovery...
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Fouling mechanisms in anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch membrane bioreactor based on adapted Hermia models and main foulant characteristics
PublikacjaVarious derivatives of Hermia models (complete pore blocking, intermediate pore blocking, cake layer formation, and standard pore blocking) and different assessments of foulant characteristics have long been used to determine the membrane fouling mechanisms. Accordingly, this study aims to adapt Hermia models and their combination according to the operating conditions of an anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (A/O-SBMBR)....
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Incorporation of the sulfur cycle in sustainable nitrogen removal systems - A review
PublikacjaIn wastewater treatment systems, sulfur (S) removal processes are generally based on heterotrophic sulfate (SO42−) reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria and S-dependent autotrophic denitrification by sulfur oxidizing bacteria. A combination of either two cycles (N and S) or three cycles (N, S and C) appears to be a viable approach to sustainable wastewater treatment, resulting in energy savings and reduction of sludge production....
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Integrating conventional nitrogen removal with anammox in wastewater treatment systems: Microbial metabolism, sustainability and challenges
PublikacjaThe various forms of nitrogen (N), including ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2−), and nitrate (NO3−), present in wastewaters can create critical biotic stress and can lead to hazardous phenomena that cause imbalances in biological diversity. Thus, biological nitrogen removal (BNR) from wastewaters is considered to be imperatively urgent. Therefore, anammox-based systems, i.e. partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PN/anammox)...
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Introduction to smart solutions for wastewater: Road-mapping the transition to circular economy
PublikacjaToday there is an urgent need to move from a linear to a circular economy approach with special focus to water and environment. Despite the paramount importance, this transition is hampered by barriers which concern not only technological but embrace also organizational, regulatory, social, and economic aspects. In order to overcome such barriers, innovative water-smart solutions are needed and a robust roadmap for the transition...
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Jakie będą oczyszczalnie 'jutra"?
PublikacjaRola oczyszczalni ścieków zaczyna wykraczać poza zapewnienie wysokiej efektywności usuwania zanieczyszczeń przy niskim wskaźniku zużycia energii. Obiekty te rozszerzają swoją funkcję w kierunku odzysku zasobów i stają się istotnymi elementami gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym.
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Model-based identification of the dominant N2O emission pathway in a full-scale activated sludge system
PublikacjaActivated sludge models (ASMs), extended with an N2O emission module, are powerful tools to describe the operation of full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Specifically, such models can investigate the most contributive N2O production pathways and guide towards N2O and carbon footprint (CF) mitigation measures. A common practice is to develop and validate models using data from a single WWTP. In this study, a successfully...
Rok 2020
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Energy neutrality versus carbon footprint minimization in municipal wastewater treatment plants
PublikacjaThis work aimed to compare the carbon footprint (CF) of six full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The CF was estimated in the range of 23–100 kg CO2e per population equivalent. In the total CF, the direct emissions held the highest share (62–74%) for the plants with energy recovery from biogas. In the plants depending entirely on the power grid, the indirect emissions due to energy consumption dominated the total CF (69–72%)....
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Mathematical modelling and computer simulation of activated sludge systems.Second edition
PublikacjaMathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems – Second Edition, provides, from the process engineering perspective, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview regarding various aspects of the mechanistic (“white box”) modelling and simulation of advanced activated sludge systems performing biological nutrient removal. In the new edition of the book, a special focus is given to nitrogen removal and an overview...
Rok 2019
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Energy Neutrality Versus Carbon Footprint Minimization In Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
PublikacjaThe study presents analysis of the carbon footprint (CF) in six medium and large-size municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located across Poland. The novelty of the presented study is searching the relationship between level of energy neutrality and CF in the case studies. Although energy and CF go hand-in-hand to some degree but moving towards energy neutrality in WWTPs might also lead to an increase in the total CF of...
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Evaluating the effect of different operational strategies on the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants – case studies from northern Poland
PublikacjaNowadays, low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is expected at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, emission quantification and evaluation still faces difficulties related to data availability and uncertainty. The objective of this study was to perform carbon footprint (CF) analysis for two municipal WWTPs located in northern Poland. Slupsk WWTP is a large biological nutrient removal (BNR) facility (250,000 PE) which benefits...
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Evaluation of Partial Nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) Process Performance and Microorganisms Community Composition under Different C/N Ratio
PublikacjaA one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process with intermittent aeration is possible under sidestream conditions, but implementation in a mainstream is a challenge due to increased Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratios in domestic wastewater. This study investigated the effect of C/N ratios on process efficiency and the effect of narrowing non-aeration time on process improvement at high chemical oxygen demand (COD) load. An increase...
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Kinetic characterization of hydrogen sulfide inhibition of suspended anammox biomass from a membrane bioreactor
PublikacjaThe inhibition effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on anammox-enriched biomass from a laboratory membrane reactor were analyzed in a series of batch respirometric experiments. The determined half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 4.67 mg H2S-S L−1 at the constant pH = 7.0 and the total sulfide concentration varying between 1 and 15 mg TS-S L−1. In another test, the IC50 was found to be 4.25 mg H2S-S L−1 under a constant...
Rok 2024
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Enhancing chain-elongating microbiomes: Sequential fungi-bacteria cooperation for efficient food waste upgrading using endogenous electron donors
PublikacjaThe upgrading of organic waste such as food waste (FW) into medium-chain carboxylates (MCC) is within a bio-based circular economy concept. An efficient chain elongation (CE) microbiome is difficult to obtain, which normally requires long-term acclimatization and an exogenous supplement of electron donor (ED, especially ethanol). In this study, the CE microbiome was rapidly shaped within 18 days and an efficient endogenous ethanol-based...
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Enhancing nitrogen removal in the partial denitrification/anammox processes for SO4− - Rich wastewater treatment: Insights into autotrophic and mixotrophic strategies
PublikacjaThe investigation of partial denitrification/anammox (PD/anammox) processes was conducted under autotrophic (N–S cycle) and mixotrophic (N–S–C cycle) conditions over 180 days. Key findings revealed the remarkable capability of SO42--dependent systems to produce NO2− effectively, supporting anaerobic NH4+ oxidation. Additionally, SO42− served as an additional electron acceptor in sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation (SRAO). Increasing...
Rok 2005
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Evaluation of empirical formulae for estimation of the longitudinal dispersion in activated sludge reactors
PublikacjaBadania traserowe są szeroko stosowane do oceny hydrauliki reaktorów. Jednak w komorach osadu czynnego interpretacja wyników jest trudna z uwagi na recyrkulacje wewnętrzne i recyrkulację osadu z osadnika. Wzory empiryczne mogą być alternatywną metodą oceny warunków hydraulicznych w komorach. Celem tych badań było sprawdzenie czterech wzorów empirycznych na obliczanie współczynnika dyspersji hydrodynamicznej w oparciu o wyniki badań...
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Long-term simulation of the activated sludge process at the Hanover-Gümmerwald pilot WWTP
PublikacjaCelem badań było uzyskanie zweryfikowanego modelu ASM3P, który mógłby być wykorzystany jako narzędzie decyzyjne do wyznaczania maksymalnych przepływów w oczyszczalniach ścieków. Symulacje przeprowadzono w oparciu o wyniki badań obciążeń hydraulicznych w pilotowej oczyszczalni ścieków Hanower-Gummerwald. Wyniki symulacji zostały porównane z wynikami pomiarów on-line w komorach osadu czynnego (N-NH4, N-NO3) oraz w odpływie z osadnika...
Rok 2002
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Experiences with computer simulation at two large wastewater treatment plants in northern Poland
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wyniki symulacji pracy wielofazowych komór osadu czynnego w stanie ustalonym, uzyskanych za pomocą programu GPS-X. Jako dane wejściowe wykorzystano wyniki oznaczeń konwencjonalnych parametrów wykonywanych w trakcie eksploatacji oczyszczalni ścieków "Dębogórze" w Gdyni i "Wschód" w Gdańsku. Jako parametry kontrolne, służące do porównania wyników pomiarów i obliczeń, wykorzystano stężenie ChZT, azotu amonowego, azotanów...
Rok 2006
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Experimental and model-based evaluation of the role of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms at two large scale WWTPs in northern Poland
PublikacjaW pracy dokonano oceny zdolności denitryfikacyjnych bakterii fosforowych na przykładzie oczyszczalni ścieków ''Wschód'' w Gdańsku i ''Dębogórze'' w Gdyni. W tym celu wykonano serię testów z wykorzystaniem tzw. reaktora ''wsadowego'', które następnie były modelowane za pomocą modelu ASM2d. Badania wykazały, że tylko 32% bakterii fosforowych posiada zdolność do denitryfikacji. Szybkość denitryfikacji związana z aktywnością bakterii...
Rok 2009
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Fractionation and origin of dissolved and colloidal organic nitrogen in BNR plant effluent
PublikacjaThe characteristics of effluent dissolved and colloidal organic nitrogen (DON and CON) as well as their origin, fate and biodegradability in wastewater treatment plants and receiving waters were identified as the major issues that limit the ability to achieve low total N in the effluent. This study presents the results of a comprehensive survey, which was conducted in eight biological nutrient removal (BNR) WWTPs in northern Poland....
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Industrial wastewater as an external carbon source for optimization of nitrogen removal at the "Wschod" WWTP in Gdansk (Poland)
PublikacjaCarbon source alternatives for denitrification belong to the highest research area priorities as they allow to optimize N removal within the existing capacities. In particular, some food industry effluents appear to be good candidates for such alternatives due to their high C/N ratios and high content of readily biodegradable organic fraction. The aim of this study was to determine the immediate effects of dosing different types...
Rok 2021
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Generalized temperature dependence model for anammox process kinetics
PublikacjaTemperature is a key operational factor influencing the anammox process kinetics. In particular, at temperatures below 15 °C, the specific anammox activity (SAA) considerably decreases. This study aimed to describe the temperature dependence of the anammox process kinetics in the temperature range from 10 to 55 °C, including the specific characteristics of“cold anammox”. The commonly used Arrhenius and extended and modifiedRatkowsky...
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Incorporation of the complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) process for modeling nitrification in suspended growth wastewater treatment systems
PublikacjaThe newly discovered process complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) has changed the traditional under-standing of nitrification. In this study, three possible concepts of comammox were developed and incorporated as part of an extended two-step nitrification model. For model calibration and validation, two series of long-term biomass washout experiments were carried out at 12 ◦C and 20 ◦C in a laboratory sequencing batch reactor....
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Integrated membrane bioreactors modelling: A review on new comprehensive modelling framework
PublikacjaIntegrated Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) models, combination of biological and physical models, have been representing powerful tools for the accomplishment of high environmental sustainability. This paper, produced by the International Water Association (IWA) Task Group on Membrane Modelling and Control, reviews the state-of-the-art, identifying gaps for future researches, and proposes a new integrated MBR modelling framework. In...
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Integrated plant-wide modelling for evaluation of the energy balance and greenhouse gas footprint in large wastewater treatment plants
PublikacjaModern wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) should maintain a balance between three combined sustainability criteria, including effluent quality, energy performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. All of these criteria were considered in the integrated plant-wide model developed in this study. The proposed model incorporates new features, including: (i) the addition of associated facilities to the overall energy balance and...
Rok 2012
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Impact of aeration conditions on the removal of low concentrations of nitrogen in a tertiary partially aerated biological filter
PublikacjaA submerged biological aerated filter (BAF) partially aerated was used to study the removal of low concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (0.3 g N/m3 to 30.5 g N/m3) typically found in nutrient enriched river and lake waters, and treated effluents. Four series of experiments were performed with a synthetic wastewater at ammonia loading rates between 6 g N/m3 d and 903 g N/m3 d and C/N ratios from 2 to 20. The results showed that ammonia...
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Modeling external carbon addition in combined N-P activated sludge systems with an extension of the IWA Activated Sludge Models
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to expand the IWA Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) to account for a newly defined readily biodegradable substrate that can be consumed by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) under anoxic and aerobic conditions, but not under anaerobic conditions. The model change was to add a new substrate component and process terms for its use by PAOs and other heterotrophic bacteria under anoxic and aerobic...
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Modeling external carbon addition in combined N-P activated sludge systems with an extension of the IWA Activated Sludge Models
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to expand the IWA Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) to account for a newly defined readily biodegradable substrate that can be consumed by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) under anoxic and aerobic conditions, but not under anaerobic conditions. The model change was to add a new substrate component and process terms for its use by PAOs and other heterotrophic bacteria under anoxic and aerobic...
Rok 2015
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Impact of enhanced pretreatment on biological nutrient removal in municipal wastewater treatment plants
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of enhanced primary treatment on: increasing primary sludge production for increased biogas production; reducing the organic load on downstream biological treatment processes and thereby reducing energy consumption for aeration; denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) rates in the activated sludge system. For this purpose, three commercial organic polymers...
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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ACTIVITY OF ANAMMOX GRANULAR BIOMASS - SHORT AND LONG-TERM ASPECT
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to determine a short-term and long-term effect of temperature on the anammox process rate and determination of temperature coefficients in the Arrhenius and Ratkowski equations. The short-term effects of temperature on the anammox biomass were investigated in batch tests at ten different temperatures in the range of 10-55 ̊C. The maximum rate 1.3 gN (gVSS·d)-1 observed at 40 ̊C. The minimum rate, close...
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Inhibition of the granular anammox process by the high concentration of free ammonia.
PublikacjaHigh concentrations of ammonia and nitrite, typical for reject water treatment in the anammox process with the use of high temperatures and pH, may cause free ammonia (FA) inhibition. In this study, the inhibitory effect of FA on anammox process rate was investigated in a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with granular anammox biomass. Results of the study present that the anammox process could be successfully operated...
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Modeling bioaugmentation with nitrifiers in membrane bioreactors
PublikacjaBioaugmentation with nitrifiers was studied using two pilot-scale membrane bioreactors, with the purpose of assessing the suitability of state-of-the-art activated sludge models (ASMs) in predicting the efficiency of bioaugmentation as a function of operating conditions. It was demonstrated that the temperature difference between seeding and seeded reactors (ΔT) affects bioaugmentation efficiency. Experimental data were accurately...
Rok 2016
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Importance of the combined effects of dissolved oxygen and pH on optimization of nitrogen removal in anammox-enriched granular sludge
PublikacjaThe combined effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH on nitrogen removal were investigated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with anammox-enriched granular sludge obtained from a nitritation/anammox system. The highest specific nitrogen removal rate (SNRR) (1.1 gN gVSS−1 d−1) was observed under non-aerated conditions, resulting in the nitrogen removal efficiency of 81.6%. Although nitrogen removal was readily...
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Influence of temperature on the activity of anammox granular biomass.
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to determine a short-term and long-term effect of temperature on the anammox rate and determination of temperature coefficients in the Arrhenius and Ratkowsky equations. The short-term effects of temperature on the anammox granular biomass were investigated in batch tests at ten different temperatures in the range of 10–55 °C. The maximum overall nitrogen removal rate of 1.3 gN gVSS−1·d−1 was observed...
Rok 2007
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Improving denitrification efficiency at the "Wschod" WWTP in Gdansk (Poland) - effects of different carbon sources
PublikacjaCelem badań było określenie wpływu dawkowania trzech różnych źródeł węgla (ścieków po oczyszczaniu mechanicznym, metanolu, ścieków gorzelnianych) na szybkość denitryfikacji, mierzoną w warunkach laboratoryjnych z osadem czynnym z oczyszczalni ścieków Gdańsk-Wschód. Największą szybkość procesu (4.8-5.2 mgN/(g*h)) zaobserwowano dla ścieków przemysłowych. Dodatkowo przeprowadzono badanie długości fazy adaptacji osadu do metanolu w...
Rok 2018
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Improving the energy balance in wastewater treatment plants by optimization of aeration control and application of new technologies
PublikacjaThe methods to improve the energy balance of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by optimization of aeration process control and application of innovative nitrogen removal technologies were overviewed in the study. The control of aeration based on the ABAC (Ammonia-Based Aeration Control) system allows not only for significant savings in electricity consumption, but it can also increase the efficiency of the denitrification process....
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Model-Based Evaluation of N2O Production Pathways in the Anammox-Enriched Granular Sludge Cultivated in a Sequencing Batch Reactor
PublikacjaA mechanistic model was developed as an extension of the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 to describe three nitrous oxide (N2O) production pathways in a laboratory-scale anammox-enriched granular sequencing batch reactor. Heterotrophic denitrification and two processes mediated by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), that is, ammonia (NH4+) oxidation via hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and autotrophic denitrification, were considered. A systematic...
Rok 2017
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Inhibition effect of free ammonia on deammonification process under different intermittent aeration strategies in sequencing batch reactor
PublikacjaThe deammonification process involves two steps. The first step is the partial nitrification of ammonia (NH4-N) by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to produce nitrite (NO2-N) and the second step is the anammox process to “anaerobically” oxidize ammonia to nitrogen gas with nitrite as an electron acceptor (Lackner et al., 2014). Free ammonia (FA) plays a significant role in the stable, long-term deammonification system operation....
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Long-term performance and microbial characteristics of the anammox-enriched granular sludge cultivated in a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor
PublikacjaThe anammox-enriched granular sludge was successfully formed during the long-term biogranulation experiment lasting over 330 days. The cultivation was conducted at 30 ◦C in a 10-L sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with synthetic medium containing ammonia, nitrite and trace elements. The properties of the developed granules were investigated in terms of the biomass activity (including the growth rate of anammox bacteria), size...
Rok 2011
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Kierunki rozwoju technologii oczyszczania ścieków pod kątem spełnienia zaostrzonych wymagań w zakresie usuwania azotu
PublikacjaPriorytetowym zadaniem w dziedzinie ochrony wód powierzchniowych przed zanieczyszczeniem powodowanym przez ścieki komunalne z dużych i średnich aglomeracji miejskich jest zapewnienie ich pełnego biologicznego oczyszczania z podwyższoną efektywnością usuwania związków biogennych. W ujęciu klasycznym spełnienie obecnych obowiązujących warunków w zakresie usuwania azotu jest możliwe w przypadku osiągnięcia wysokiej efektywności procesu...
Rok 2010
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Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems
PublikacjaPrzegląd systemów osadu czynnego. Rozwój modeli procesu osadu czynnego. Podstawowe definicje z zakresu modelowania matematycznego i symulacji komputerowej. Proces budowy modelu (model biokinetyczny, hydrodynamiczny, transferu tlenu, temperatury). Modelowanie procesów biochemicznych zachodzących w systemach osadu czynnego. Organizacja badań symulacyjnych. Praktyczne zastosowania modeli osadu czynnego.
Rok 2014
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Mathematical modelling of two-step nitrification-denitrification for treatment of sludge digester liquors: influence of nitrite (NO2-N) on the process kinetics
PublikacjaSeparate treatment of the sludge digester liquors is an alternative for expansion of the mainstream treatment line. In order to reduce the oxygen demand for nitrification and organic carbon demand for denitrification, a shortcut in the nitrogen conversion pathway has been promoted in recent years, i.e. nitrification-denitrification via NO2-N instead of NO3-N. Although NO2-N is a common intermediate product of nitrification and...
Rok 2013
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Metody oczyszczania odcieków z procesów przeróbki osadów w komorach fermentacji
PublikacjaOdcieki z beztlenowych procesów przeróbki osadu w komorach fermentacji (tzw. wody poosadowe) są istotnym źródłem azotu dopływającego do części biologicznej oczyszczalni ścieków. Odpowiednie oczyszczanie tych wód może więc, w bardzo istotny sposób wpłynąć na warunki eksploatacji oczyszczalni. Konwencjonalny proces usuwania amoniaku za pomocą dwóch faz, tj. nitryfikacji i denitryfikacji, są coraz częściej zastępowane przez jednoetapowy...
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