Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: REVITALIZATION, ENERGY TRANSITION, RURAL AREA, SUBURBS, ENERGY CLUSTER, METROPOLITAN SLOW-LIFE ENCLAVES, LEAVING LABS - MOST Wiedzy

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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: REVITALIZATION, ENERGY TRANSITION, RURAL AREA, SUBURBS, ENERGY CLUSTER, METROPOLITAN SLOW-LIFE ENCLAVES, LEAVING LABS

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: REVITALIZATION, ENERGY TRANSITION, RURAL AREA, SUBURBS, ENERGY CLUSTER, METROPOLITAN SLOW-LIFE ENCLAVES, LEAVING LABS

  • Architectural and Urban Project I 2023/24

    Kursy Online
    • K. Piątkowska
    • J. Martyniuk-Pęczek
    • M. Wojtkiewicz

    OLD CITY GDANSK - CONNECTING SPACE Every year the main goal of the I-st  Master degree semester is to learn the ways of architectural and urban revitalization of existing urban spaces that require it by implementing specific design activities - combining and redefining space, architectural recycling, mixing functions, etc. This year, the design studio course is in the students’ competition form organized with Gdansk City Authorities....

  • PG-00060238 Standardy integralności mechanicznej dla inżynierii cyfrowej opartej na danych

    Kursy Online
    • J. Szwedowicz

    Kurs w zrozumiały sposób wyjaśnia praktyki inżynierskie dotyczące oceny mechanizmów awarii elementów mechanicznych, metody Stress-Life i Strain-Life, techniki liczenia cykli. Wyjaśnione modele oparte na wiedzy analitycznej są odniesione do potrzeb monitorowania silnika, które generuje dane pracy urządzeń u klientów. Dane te są wykorzystywane w rozwiązaniach inżynierii cyfrowej, takich jak digital twin (dla części) lub digital thread...

  • Prediploma project KAMiPN, KSW, sem.6, 2023/24

    Kursy Online
    • D. Cyparski
    • M. Podwojewska

    The topics of the classes include issues related to the analysis of conditions resulting from the location, the functional and spatial program and the provisions of the Local Development Plan, technical conditions and construction law. The design covers: plot development, form and function of the building (including an underground garage, if the function and provisions of the local development plan), basic construction and installation...

  • Arch./Urban Project II

    Kursy Online
    • J. Cudzik
    • M. Gawdzik

    A design studio focused on issues related to the creation of sustainable and climate-responsible facilities. The design task is related to the concept of development of the Gdańsk University of Technology campus. The implemented project will be both a task related to urban and architectural design. A very important element of the design process will be a smooth transition between various scales and problems that architects and...

  • Architectural project VI 2021/2022 _Erasmus _JB

    Kursy Online
    • J. Badach

    The design task is to develop a draft revitalisation plan and a conceptual proposal for a complex of architectural objects for an area in Dolne Miasto, Gdańsk. The proposal should include spatial, social and environmental solutions to restore the attractiveness of a historical district and enhance its visual coherence and functionality. Moreover, the aim is to develop detailed architectural and functional solutions for a selected...

  • International Trade winter 2022

    Kursy Online
    • A. Parteka

    Main aim of the subject is to transfer knowledge on theoretical and empirical aspects of international trade. During the lectures we will cover patterns of international trade, main models of international trade and topics related to trade policy. During labs students will analyze current issues concerning trade flows in globalized world economy.

  • International Trade - winter 2023

    Kursy Online
    • Z. H. Zarach
    • A. Parteka

    Main aim of the subject is to transfer knowledge on theoretical and empirical aspects of international trade. During the lectures we will cover patterns of international trade, main models of international trade and topics related to trade policy. During labs students will analyze current issues concerning trade flows in globalized world economy.

  • Zdolni z Pomorza - O kompleksach słów kilka - Spotkanie Akademickie 15.05.2021 r.

    Kursy Online
    • A. Okuniewski
    • M. Daśko
    • K. Kaniewska-Laskowska
    • A. Ciborska
    • A. Wiśniewska
    • A. Ordyszewska
    • B. Wikieł
    • K. Kowalewska

  • Art Workshop I

    Kursy Online
    • E. Urwanowicz

    The subject of drawing exercises in the semester is a study of a still life and a study of figures made in black and white on the basis of observation of the arrangement of forms in space. In these exercises, particular emphasis is placed on the issues of composition and light.

  • Architectural and urban theories in urban regeneration

    Kursy Online
    • K. Piątkowska
    • L. Nyka
    • P. Lorens

    This course deals with key issues associated with contemporary architectural and urban teories associated with transformation and revitalization of the distressed / degradated areas and buildings / objects. The architectural topics will be presented by dr Ksenia Piątkowska and Prof. Lucyna Nyka, while urban topics will be discussed by Prof. Piotr Lorens. Particular topics and themes will be presented according to the individual...

  • Wastewater Engineering 2020/21 (Environmental Engineering, II stopnia, stacjonarne, II semestr))

    Kursy Online
    • K. Czerwionka
    • J. Mąkinia

    Wastewater sources and flows Wastewater characterization based on physical and biodegradation criteria Preliminary treatment unit operations (screens, grit chambers, primary clarifiers) Biological processes (suspended growth vs. attached growth, hybrid systems, granular sludge) for wastewater treatment. Principles of biological nutrient removal (nitrification, denitrification, enhanced biological P removal,  anammox). Implementation...

  • Robotics for human health and performance 03.2022

    Kursy Online
    • W. Sieklicki

    This course is to provide knowledge in area of biomechanics, necessary to design instrumentation for human health and performance, and automatics necessary to design simple instrumentation as well as about human-robot interface.

  • Hydro and marine civil engineering (2023-2024)

    Kursy Online
    • W. Sterpejkowicz-Wersocki
    • A. M. Mustafa
    • W. Magda

    Kurs realizowany na Wydziale Inżynierii Lądowej i Środowiska  (WILiŚ) Politechniki Gdańskiej. Studia:   II stopnia - magisterskie, stacjonarne Kierunek: Budownictwo Semestr:  1 (letni) Presentation of basic hydro and marine civil engineering structures together with basic computational procedures for determining environmental forces acting on a structure (vertical-wall breakwater, rubble mound breakwater, submarine pipelines...

  • Hydro and marine civil engineering (2020-2021)

    Kursy Online
    • W. Sterpejkowicz-Wersocki
    • A. M. Mustafa
    • W. Magda

    Kurs realizowany na Wydziale Inżynierii Lądowej i Środowiska  (WILiŚ) Politechniki Gdańskiej. Studia:   II stopnia - magisterskie, stacjonarne Kierunek: Budownictwo Semestr:  1 (letni) Presentation of basic hydro and marine civil engineering structures together with basic computational procedures for determining environmental forces acting on a structure (vertical-wall breakwater, rubble mound breakwater, submarine pipelines...

  • Hydro and marine civil engineering (2021-2022)

    Kursy Online
    • W. Sterpejkowicz-Wersocki
    • A. M. Mustafa
    • W. Magda

    Kurs realizowany na Wydziale Inżynierii Lądowej i Środowiska  (WILiŚ) Politechniki Gdańskiej. Studia:   II stopnia - magisterskie, stacjonarne Kierunek: Budownictwo Semestr:  1 (letni) Presentation of basic hydro and marine civil engineering structures together with basic computational procedures for determining environmental forces acting on a structure (vertical-wall breakwater, rubble mound breakwater, submarine pipelines...

  • Technical Mechanics 2 (PG_00049753), I stop, En, [W,C], zima 22/23

    Kursy Online
    • B. Rozmarynowski

    Lectures and tutorials devoted to basic issues of Strength of Materials (stress and strain states, the Hook's law, geometrical properties of an area, bending, shearing, torsion, deflection lines  of beams, buckling and yielding criteria).

  • Theory of urbanism IV

    Kursy Online
    • K. Krośnicka

    The aim of the course is to familiarize the student with the complexity of the process of functioning and development of cities, including: - hierarchical spatial (morphology) and functional structure of cities on models (the hierarchy of services and public spaces) - networks and systems that make up the city (environmental system, technical and social infrastructure) - role and importance of the district in the structure of...

  • Daylight in Architecture 2022/23

    Kursy Online
    • N. Sokół
    • J. Martyniuk-Pęczek

    Tutor: Professor Claudia Naves David Amorim (University of Brasilia) Project: 60 h (lectures + online platform + individual consultations) With a support of e-platform NLITED educational content; http://lms.nlited.eu/,  Students will become familiar with the different methods of daylight assessment within the built environment. Innovative daylight design is understood as a better user-centred and energy-efficient design strategy. The...

  • [AEiE] Selected topics of electrical engineering - models of electrical machines

    Kursy Online
    • A. Wilk
    • R. Jankowski
    • Z. Krzemiński

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: automatyka, elektronika i elektrotechnika Zajęcia fakultatywne dla doktorantów II roku Prowadzący:  dr hab. inż. Andrzej Wilk, prof. PG, prof. dr hab. inż. Zbigniew Krzemiński Liczba godzin: 15 Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: control, electronic and electrical engineering Facultative course for 2nd-year PhD students Academic teachers: dr hab. inż. Andrzej Wilk, prof. PG, prof....

  • Wastewater Engineering 2021/22 (Environmental Engineering, II stopnia, stacjonarne, II semestr))

    Kursy Online
    • K. Czerwionka
    • J. Mąkinia

    Wastewater sources and flows Wastewater characterization based on physical and biodegradation criteria Preliminary treatment unit operations (screens, grit chambers, primary clarifiers) Biological processes (suspended growth vs. attached growth, hybrid systems, granular sludge) for wastewater treatment Principles of biological nutrient removal (nitrification, denitrification, enhanced biological P removal, anammox) Implementation...

  • Fluid Mechanics, L/L/E, DaPE, sem. 04, summer 21/22 (PG_00050282)

    Kursy Online
    • K. Tesch
    • M. Banaszek

    LECTURES Introduction and basic definitions. Properties of fluids. Models of fluids. Fluids in equilibrium. Determination of hydrostatic forces. Archimedes" law. Methods of fluid flow description. General motion of fluid. Deformation of fluid element. Vortex motion of fluid. Principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. Balance of entropy. Navier-Stokes equation. Bernoulli equation. Similarity of flow phenomena. Potential...

  • 2022-2023 - Strenght of materials towards applications, PG_00053661

    Kursy Online
    • M. K. Gerigk

    The course is mainly dedicated to the DAPE Students.  From the theoretical point of view the course consists of the following problems to be discussed during the lectures and exercises: -fundamentals of strength of materials -basic structures and environment -loads on structures -strength of materials: tension, stress, analysis of stress and strain, bending moments and shearing forces, longitudinal and shearing stress in beams,...

  • Strenght of materials towards applications , PG_00053661

    Kursy Online
    • M. K. Gerigk

    The course is dedicated to the DAPE WIMiO Students.  From the theoretical point of view the course consists of the following problems to be discussed during the lectures: -fundamentals of strength of materials -basic structures and environment -loads on structures -strength of materials: tension, stress, analysis of stress and strain, bending moments and shearing forces, longitudinal and shearing stress in beams, bending stress...

  • Geographical Information Systems GIS (project) [2022/23]

    Kursy Online
    • A. Augusiak

    Subject: Geographical Information Systems GIS, Inter-faculty (field of study: Energy Technologies), undergraduate studies, full-time studies (semester 6) Teacher: dr inż. Andrzej Augusiak, doc. PG Abstract: The course aims to teach the practical implementation of a simple project in the field of GIS geographical information systems. As part of the project, the course participant will learn how to use the basic methods and tools...

  • Wastewater Engineering 2022/23 (Environmental Engineering, II stopnia, stacjonarne, II semestr))

    Kursy Online
    • K. Czerwionka
    • J. Mąkinia

    Wastewater sources and flows Wastewater characterization based on physical and biodegradation criteria Preliminary treatment unit operations (screens, grit chambers, primary clarifiers) Biological processes (suspended growth vs. attached growth, hybrid systems, granular sludge) for wastewater treatment Principles of biological nutrient removal (nitrification, denitrification, enhanced biological P removal, anammox) Implementation...

  • Wastewater Engineering 2023/24 (Environmental Engineering, II stopnia, stacjonarne, II semestr)

    Kursy Online
    • J. Mąkinia

    Wastewater sources and flows Wastewater characterization based on physical and biodegradation criteria Preliminary treatment unit operations (screens, grit chambers, primary clarifiers) Biological processes (suspended growth vs. attached growth, hybrid systems, granular sludge) for wastewater treatment Principles of biological nutrient removal (nitrification, denitrification, enhanced biological P removal, anammox) Implementation...

  • Numerical methods in heat and fluid flow, PG_00057408

    Kursy Online
    • P. Ziółkowski

    Reiteration of information on thermodynamic cycles and extension of information on their modelling using commercial software tools. Presentation of balances, constitutive equations, how to set up conditions in CFD type codes. Equipment regulation and control in the context of heat exchangers.Presentation of the computational capabilities of the CFD calculation code ANSYS Fluent. Mass, momentum and energy balances in 0D and 3D terms.Analysis...

  • Surface Science - 2023/2024

    Kursy Online
    • A. Manohar
    • J. Ryl
    • L. Piotrowski
    • A. Tober

    The course is not a full time lecture but on the consultation/handouts. The consulations are held every two weeks. The course is based on the Springer textbook: Surface Science An Introduction Downloadable at: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-05179-5 (PG network or vpn access) The goal of the subject is the presentation of basic problems resulting from he existence of interfacebetween material objects...

  • Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics EE Msc sem. I r.a. 22/23

    Kursy Online
    • P. Zima
    • A. M. Mustafa

    Basic definitions. Physical properties of liquids. Forces acting on fluids. Hydrostatics - basic equations. Pressure on a flat and curved wall. Buoyancy. Archimedes' law. Balance of submerged bodies. The balance of floating bodies. Hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamic quantities. Continuity equation for the liquid stream. Bernoulli equation. Basic laws of hydrodynamics. Equation of mass behavior, preservation of the amount of motion, Bernoulli's...

  • Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics EE Msc sem. I r.a. 23/24

    Kursy Online
    • P. Zima

    Basic definitions. Physical properties of liquids. Forces acting on fluids. Hydrostatics - basic equations. Pressure on a flat and curved wall. Buoyancy. Archimedes' law. Balance of submerged bodies. The balance of floating bodies. Hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamic quantities. Continuity equation for the liquid stream. Bernoulli equation. Basic laws of hydrodynamics. Equation of mass behavior, preservation of the amount of motion, Bernoulli's...

  • Measurements and Measurement Systems [2022/23]

    Kursy Online
    • A. Golijanek-Jędrzejczyk
    • A. Dzwonkowski

    Opis kursu: (np. numer semestru, dla którego przeznaczony jest kurs, cel lub tematyka przedmiotu) IV semestr kierunku Energy Technologies.  Celem kursu jest zapoznanie teoretyczne i praktyczne studentów z podstawowymi i zaawansowanymi metodami pomiarowymi różnych wielkości pomiarowych oraz budową i zasadą działania systemów pomiarowych.  The aim of the course is to introduce theoretical and practical students with basic...

  • STRENGTH of MATERIALS TOWARDS APPLICATIONS (2024)

    Kursy Online
    • M. K. Gerigk

    The SMTA DATE Course consists of the following problems to be discussed during the lectures: - Introduction to strength of materials towards applications - Fundamentals of modelling in strength of materials towards applications - Materials and basic structures - Fundamentals of modelling in strength of materials towards applications - Definition of environment and loads - General, energy-based and advanced methods for analysis...

  • Urban Project IV. Summer semester - ERASMUS

    Kursy Online
    • Ł. Pancewicz

    Course Urban Project IV (AI_MK_28/1) SHAPING A NEW DISTRICT – WHITE RIVER (POL. BIAŁA RZEKA) IN THE CITY OF RUMIA The subject of the exercises is to design the spatial layout of the new district in the area of ​​the so-called Small Tricity. The task of the group will be to develop initial design guidelines - layout and character of buildings, primar building parameters, service program. The planned construction of the new SKM...

  • Physical Chemistry_GTM_20_21_winter

    Kursy Online
    • A. Kloskowski
    • Ł. Nierzwicki
    • M. Śmiechowski
    • W. Chrzanowski
    • Ł. Marcinkowski

    The aim of the subject is to familarize the student with fundamental physico-chemical laws in chemical thermodynamics, phase equilibria and chemical equilibria together with ability of solving relevant text problems involving calculations, as well as teachnig him/her effective and safe carrying out simple experiments/measurements of physico-chemical quantities and proper presentation and interpretation of their results. LECTURES Chemical...

  • Process engineering in circular economy 22/23

    Kursy Online
    • J. Mąkinia

    Background of the circular economy What is the circular economy? (Definition) How is the circular economy different from a linear economy? How do materials circulate in the circular economy? The circular economy and sustainable development How to measure circularity? Link between the circular economy and life cycle assessment (LCA) What are the benefits of the circular economy? The circular economy policies and governance Wastewater...

  • QUEUE II Winter School

    Kursy Online
    • M. Czachor
    • J. Szostak
    • J. Borucka
    • M. Bobrowski

    QUEUE = QUantum and molEcUlEsIt's a school organized for all those young scientists and students who wish to learn on the basics and advances in quantum ideas and methodologies and its practical applications for living problems in chemistry, electrochemistry and material sciences. The students will learn on how to perform the quantum-chemical computations, because we have planned a big block of laboratories, aside from lectures,...

  • QUEUE I Summer School

    Kursy Online
    • M. Czachor
    • A. Bartłomiejczyk
    • J. Szostak
    • J. Borucka
    • M. Hoppe
    • M. Bobrowski

    QUEUE = QUantum and molEcUlEsIt's a school organized for all those young scientists and students who wish to learn on the basics and advances in quantum ideas and methodologies and its practical applications for living problems in chemistry, electrochemistry and material sciences. The students will learn on how to perform the quantum-chemical computations, because we have planned a big block of laboratories, aside from lectures,...

  • QUEUE III Summer School

    Kursy Online
    • M. Czachor
    • I. Kuzborska
    • J. Szostak
    • J. Borucka
    • M. Bobrowski
    • B. Mielewska

    QUEUE = QUantum and molEcUlEsIt's a school organized for all those young scientists and students who wish to learn on the basics and advances in quantum ideas and methodologies and its practical applications for living problems in chemistry, electrochemistry and material sciences. The students will learn on how to perform the quantum-chemical computations, because we have planned a big block of laboratories, aside from lectures,...

  • Work Safety and Ergonomics - L-15/C-0/L-0/P-0, Design and Production Engineering, WIMiO, undergraduate studies, engineering studies, full-time (stationary) studies, 2021/2022, se04, (M:32013W0), summer semester 2023/2024

    Kursy Online
    • G. Ronowski
    • R. Woźniak

    Wydział Mechaniczny    Mechanika i budowa maszyn (w języku angielskim). Kurs: Specjalność: Design and Production Engineering (WM), I stopnia - inżynierskie, stacjonarne, 2018/2019 - zimowy (obecnie sem. 4), Semestr: 2019/2020 - letni. Student explains the concepts of ergonomics. Describes its goals and area of application. Defines the human - machine - environment system. Designs the human working environment taking into account...

  • Projekt Fakultatywny II/ Elective Design II 2020/2021 S.Hudnik+K.Życzkowska

    Kursy Online
    • K. Życzkowska

    SUPERSURFACE – an alternative model for life The studio will explore an alternative architectural models for contemporary society in the context of different political, cultural, economic and environmental contexts. Temporal living and technology links the general fashion principles with architecture. The projects will investigate the visionary scenarios through Superstudio movies Fundamental Acts and various concepts and structures...

  • Urban Design I. Urban Composition fall 2022_23

    Kursy Online
    • G. Rembarz
    • B. Bou Kalfouni

    The course is aimed at students of the 3rd semester of engineering studies in the field of Architecture. It is an introductory course to Urban Design. Students learn the basic concepts and principles related to town planning, urban design and urban composition. Students learn the methods of analyzing urban space and the basic principles of design during theoretical and practical classes, designing an urban composition for a specific...

  • Urban Design I. Urban Composition fall 2023_24

    Kursy Online
    • G. Rembarz
    • B. Bou Kalfouni

    The course is aimed at students of the 3rd semester of engineering studies in the field of Architecture. It is an introductory course to Urban Design. Students learn the basic concepts and principles related to town planning, urban design and urban composition. Students learn the methods of analyzing urban space and the basic principles of design during theoretical and practical classes, designing an urban composition for a specific...

  • Baltic Phytoremediation - Training Module

    Kursy Online
    • A. Rogala
    • P. Rybarczyk

    This is an on-line training course developed in BAPR - Baltic Phytoremediation project, co-financed by Interreg South Baltic Programme 2014 - 2020. Here, You can learn about the basics and potential of phytoremediation  to clean soil and see the real-life applications of this technology. In order to be enrolled to this course, you’ll need to create a local account with the user ID provided. When your account is generated, you...

  • Sociology of Space

    Kursy Online
    • M. Dymnicka

    The course is aimed at discussing the significance of the city as a topic of sociological analysis. During the seminar students will discuss the relation between sociology, architecture and space. Moreover, the debate will touch on the field of culture and its role in (re)creating and (re)constructing space. Discussions will also be related to the aspect of interactions in time and space. Contemporary dilemmas and challenges in...

  • Process Engineering in Circular Economy

    Kursy Online
    • J. Mąkinia

    Kurs jest przeznaczony dla doktorantów szkoły doktorskiej w dyscyplnach: inżynieria lądowa i transport (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne   The course is addressed to PhD students of the doctoral school in disciplines: civil engineering and transport environmental engineering, mining and power engineering Course type: lecture Total hours of...

  • [ILiT, IŚGiE] Process engineering in circular economy - Nowy

    Kursy Online
    • J. Mąkinia

    Kurs jest przeznaczony dla doktorantów szkoły doktorskiej w dyscyplnach: inżynieria lądowa i transport (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne The course is addressed to PhD students of the doctoral school in disciplines: civil engineering and transport environmental engineering, mining and power engineering Course type: lecture Total hours of...

  • [ILiT, IŚGiE] Process engineering in circular economy 20/21 Summer

    Kursy Online
    • J. Mąkinia

    Kurs jest przeznaczony dla doktorantów szkoły doktorskiej w dyscyplnach: inżynieria lądowa i transport (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne The course is addressed to PhD students of the doctoral school in disciplines: civil engineering and transport environmental engineering, mining and power engineering Course type: lecture Total hours of...

  • [NCh-bio] Advances in Biotechnology: Protein Folding and Assembly

    Kursy Online
    • R. Jankowski
    • U. Kampowska
    • G. Klein-Raina

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: nauki chemiczne Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I i II roku z obszaru biotechnologii Prowadzący:  dr hab. Gracjana Klein-Raina, prof. PG Liczba godzin: 15 Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: chemical sciences Obligatory course for 1st and 2nd-year PhD students from biotechnology area Academic teachers: dr hab. Gracjana Klein-Raina, prof. PG Total hours of training: 15 teaching...

  • [Soft Skills] Basic didactic methods

    Kursy Online
    • A. Klej
    • A. Męczkowska-Christiansen

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: wszystkie dyscypliny Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I roku Prowadzący:   Liczba godzin: 15 Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: all disciplines Obligatory course for 1st-year PhD students Academic teacher:  Total hours of training: 15 teaching hours Course type: lecture {mlang} Soft skills Area I - didactic skills

  • 20232024_Elective design II_CULTURAL HERITAGE ROUTES_Gdańsk Measuring the city, advanced digital surveying techniques for cultural heritage documentation

    Kursy Online
    • J. Borucka

    Cultural Heritage Routes – Gdańsk. This course explores challenges, conflicts and concepts of cultural heritage preservation and protection at urban level, their connection to architectural and urban design in the time of digitalisation and their importance for a future of the cities. The aim of this course, based on the case study city of Gdańsk, is to understand the problem of cultural heritage and develop innovative...