Abstract
The growing requirements for limiting the negative impact of all modes of transport on the natural environment mean that clean technologies are becoming more and more important. The global trend of e-mobility also applies to sea and inland water transport. This article presents the results of experimental tests carried out on a life-size, parallel diesel-electric hybrid propulsion system. The eciency of the propulsion system was analysed for two modes of operation (electric and diesel) and for dierent engine speeds and loads. Analysis of the impact of using a hybrid propulsion system on fuel consumption was carried out on a case study vessel and for six actual journeys. The use of hybrid propulsion in “zero emission” mode enables up to four times higher energy eciency when compared to a conventional drive, while reducing CO2 emissions and air pollution to zero, as well as a hundred-fold reduction in noise emissions. High flexibility in the operation of such a drive enables the use of intelligent power control technology (smart propulsion). This article shows that the use of hybrid propulsion reduces the negative impact on the environment to a minimum and allows for a significant reduction in the vessel’s operating costs.
Citations
-
2 3
CrossRef
-
0
Web of Science
-
2 4
Scopus
Authors (4)
Cite as
Full text
- Publication version
- Accepted or Published Version
- License
- open in new tab
Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuł w czasopiśmie wyróżnionym w JCR
- Published in:
-
ENERGIES
no. 12,
pages 1 - 16,
ISSN: 1996-1073 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2019
- Bibliographic description:
- Litwin W., Leśniewski W., Piątek D., Niklas K.: Experimental Research on the Energy Efficiency of a Parallel Hybrid Drive for an Inland Ship// ENERGIES. -Vol. 12, iss. 9 (2019), s.1-16
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.3390/en12091675
- Bibliography: test
-
- UNCTAD. Review of Maritime Transport 2016; UNCTAD: Geneva, Switzerland, 2016. 2. International Maritime Organization (IMO). Second IMO GHG Study 2009; International Maritime Organization (IMO): London, UK, 2009. open in new tab
- Seddiek, I.S.; Mosleh, M.; Banawan, A.A. Thermo-economic approach for absorption air condition onboard high-speed crafts. Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng. 2012, 4, 460-476. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Seddiek, S.I.; Salem, A. Techno-economic approach to solar energy systems onboard marine vehicles. Polish Marit. Res. 2016, 23, 64-71.
- International Maritime Organization. Resolution MEPC.203(62); International Maritime Organization: London, UK, 2011; Volume 203, p. 17. open in new tab
- IMO. MEPC.212(93)-2012 Guidelines on the Method of Calculation of the Attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for New Ships; IMO: London, UK, 2012.
- IMO. MEPC.214(93)-2012 Guidelines on Survey and Certification of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI);
- IMO: London, UK, 2012. open in new tab
- IMO. MEPC.215(93)-Guidelines for Calculation of Reference Lines for Use with the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI); IMO: London, UK, 2012.
- Smith, T.W.P.; Jalkanen, J.P.; Anderson, B.A.; Corbett, J.J.; Faber, D.S.S.; O'Keeffe, E.; Parker, S.; Johansson, L.; Aldous, L.; Raucci, C.; et al. Third IMO GHG Study; IMO: London, UK, 2015. open in new tab
- IMO. Resolution MEPC.280(70), Adopted on 28 October 2016, Effective Date of Implementation of the Fuel Oil Standard in Regulation 14.1.3 of MARPOL Annex VI; IMO: London, UK, 2016. open in new tab
- IMO. MEPC.1/Circ.878-Guidance on the Development of a Ship Implementation Plan for the Consistent Implementation of the 0.50% Sulphur Limit under MARPOL Annex VI; IMO: London, UK, 2018.
- International Chamber of Shipping. Compliance with the 2020 'Global Sulphur Cap' for Ships' Fuel Oil in Accordance with MARPOL Annex VI; International Chamber of Shipping: London, UK, 2019. open in new tab
- IMO. Resolution MEPC.286(71) Adopted on 7 July 2017, Amendments to MARPOL Annex VI (Designation of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea Emission Control Areas for NOX Tier III Control); IMO: London, UK, 2017. open in new tab
- European Parliament and Council of the European Union. Directive 2012/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council; European Parliament and Council of the European Union: Luxemburg, 2012. open in new tab
- Antturi, J.; Hänninen, O.; Jalkanen, J.P.; Johansson, L.; Prank, M.; Sofiev, M.; Ollikainen, M. Costs and benefits of low-sulphur fuel standard for Baltic Sea shipping. J. Environ. Manag. 2016, 184, 431-440. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Zis, T.; Psaraftis, H.N. The implications of the new sulphur limits on the European Ro-Ro sector. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 2017, 52, 185-201. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- European Commission. Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 of The European Parliament And of The Council of 14 September 2016 Euratom; European Commission: Luxemburg, 2016; Volume 2016. Energies 2019, 12, 1675 open in new tab
- Yuan, J.; Ng, S.H.; Sou, W.S. Uncertainty quantification of CO2 emission reduction for maritime shipping. Energy Policy 2016, 88, 113-130. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Tillig, F.; Ringsberg, J.W.; Mao, W.; Ramne, B. Analysis of uncertainties in the prediction of ships' fuel consumption-From early design to operation conditions design to operation conditions. Ships Offshore Struct. 2018, 5302, 13-24. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Geertsma, R.D.; Negenborn, R.R.; Visser, K.; Hopman, J.J. Design and control of hybrid power and propulsion systems for smart ships: A review of developments. Appl. Energy 2017, 194, 30-54. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Gełesz, P.; Karczewski, A.; Kozak, J.; Litwin, W.; Piątek, Ł. Design Methodology for Small Passenger Ships on the Example of the Ferryboat Motława 2 Driven by Hybrid Propulsion System. Polish Marit. Res. 2017, 24, 67-73. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Litwin, W.; Leśniewski, W.; Kowalski, J. Energy Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Hybrid Conversion of Inland Passenger Vessel. Polish Marit. Res. 2017, 24, 77-84. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Sihn, W.; Pascher, H.; Ott, K.; Stein, S.; Schumacher, A.; Mascolo, G. A Green and Economic Future of Inland Waterway Shipping. Procedia CIRP 2015, 29, 317-322. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Jeong, J.; Seo, S.; You, H.; Chang, D. Comparative analysis of a hybrid propulsion using LNG-LH2complying with regulations on emissions. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2018, 43, 3809-3821. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Martinez, C.M.; Hu, X.; Cao, D.; Velenis, E.E.; Gao, B.; Wellers, M. Energy Management in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Recent Progress and a Connected Vehicles Perspective. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2017, 66, 4534-4549. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Lan, H.; Wen, S.; Hong, Y.Y.; Yu, D.C.; Zhang, L. Optimal sizing of hybrid PV/diesel/battery in ship power system. Appl. Energy 2015, 158, 26-34. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Tang, R. Large-scale photovoltaic system on green ship and its MPPT controlling. Sol. Energy 2017, 157, 614-628. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Hou, J.; Sun, J.; Hofmann, H. Control development and performance evaluation for battery/flywheel hybrid energy storage solutions to mitigate load fluctuations in all-electric ship propulsion systems. Appl. Energy 2018, 212, 919-930. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Niklas, K. Supporting development of the smart ship technology by CFD simulation of ship behavior in close to real operational conditions. In Maritime Transportation and Harvesting of Sea Resources, Guedes Soares & Teixeira; open in new tab
- Taylor & Francis Group: London, UK, 2018; pp. 535-540.
- Michalski, J.P. Parametrical method for determining optimal ship carrying capacity and performance of handling. Polish Marit. Res. 2016, 23, 19-24. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Michalski, J.P. A method for preliminary estimation of the length of midship body block to be inserted during ship's conversion. Polish Marit. Res. 2017, 24, 42-46. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Karczewski, A.; Kozak, J. Variant designing in the preliminary small ship design process. Polish Marit. Res. 2017, 24, 77-82. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Dymarski, C. Research on a control system based on stepping motor for ship's controllable pitch propellers. Polish Marit. Res. 2008, 15, 37-41. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Litwin, W. Water lubricated marine stern tube bearings-Attempt at estimating hydrodynamic capacity. In Proceedings of the ASME/STLE International Joint Tribology Conference IJTC2009, Memphis, TN, USA, 19-21 October 2009; pp. 1-3. open in new tab
- Litwin, W.; Olszewski, A.; Wodtke, M. Influence of Shaft Misalignment on Water Lubricated Turbine Sliding Bearings with Various Bush Modules of Elasticity. Key Eng. Mater. 2011, 490, 128-134. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Kowalski, J.; Leśniewski, W.; Litwin, W. Multi-source-supplied parallel hybrid propulsion of the inland passenger ship STA.H. Research work on energy efficiency of a hybrid propulsion system operating in the electric motor drive mode. Polish Marit. Res. 2013, 20, 20-27. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Seddiek, I.S.; Elgohary, M.M. Eco-friendly selection of ship emissions reduction strategies with emphasis on SOx and NOx emissions. Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng. 2014, 6, 737-748. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Reşitolu, I.A.; Altinişik, K.; Keskin, A. The pollutant emissions from diesel-engine vehicles and exhaust aftertreatment systems. Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 2015, 17, 15-27. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Perera, L.P.; Mo, B. Emission control based energy efficiency measures in ship operations. Appl. Ocean Res. J. 2016, 60, 29-46. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
seen 265 times