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Search results for: CHEMICAL SAFETY
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Computerized control and protection systems in technical objects and installations = Komputerowe systemy sterowania i zabezpieczeń w obiektach oraz instalacjach technicznych
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia zagadnienia dotyczące systemów komputerowych sterowania i układów automatyki bezpieczeństwa. Rozwój automatyki i informatyki na przestrzeni ostatnich lat wymusił wprowadzenie szeregu nowych rozwiązań technicznych, dotyczących procesów sterowania i kontroli instalacji technicznych. Dąży się do automatyzacji kompleksowej instalacji technicznych, rozumianej, jako możliwość sterowania wszystkimi układami i urządzeniami...
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Layer of protection analysis in industrial hazardous installations =n Analiza warstw zabezpieczeń w przemysłowych instalacjach podwyższonego ryzyka
PublicationIn the paper The Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) as a technique for the risk evaluation relating to the hazardous industriall installations performance is presented. The results of the analyses are important in the terms of the safety management process in such installations. Based on obtained estimations deccisions might be made which solutions to be applied in order to mitigate the risk of the hazardous installations performance...
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The methods of secure data transmission in the KNX system
PublicationThe article presents the demands concerning data security in distributed building automation systems and shows the need for providing mechanisms of secure communication in the KNX system. Three different methods developed for KNX data protection are discussed: EIBsec, KNX Data Security and the author's method. Their properties are compared and potential areas of application are presented.
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Towards systemic functional safety and security management in hazardous plants
PublicationThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some issues related to functional safety and security management in hazardous industrial plants. The safety functions are to be realised using the electric / electronic / programmable electronic systems (E/E/PESs) or the safety instrumented systems (SISs) that are designed and operated respectively according to IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 requirements in life cycle. Although the role...
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Defence in depth conception in nuclear power plants and requirements for instrumentation and control systems
PublicationThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some issues of the safety systems’ design for nuclear power plants equipped with the light water reactors using a defence in depth (D-in-D) conception. Because the functional safety solutions play nowadays an important role for the risk control, the basic requirements for the instrumentation and control systems are specified with regard to relevant international standards. For...
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Security aspects in functional safety analysis
PublicationA security level of distributed control and protection system may have a significant impact on the results of functional safety analysis. However, the issue of integrating the safety and security aspects is difficult and usually is neglected during the functional safety analysis. This article presents a method of functional safety analysis which takes into consideration a concept of integrating these two aspects. It is based on...
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Fuzzy regresion approach to road safety analysis at regional level
PublicationRoad safety modelling on regional level of NUTS 2 in the EU is the complex issue and authors of this article indicate this in previous publications. NUTS 2 are basic regions for the application of regional policies (0.8-3 m inhabitants). During multivariate models development they discovered that it is difficult to make regression model well described all regions, even if they are from one country. In the first step Poisson model...
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Methodological issues of functional safety and reliability assessment of critical systems in industrial hazardous plants
PublicationThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some methodological issues that are of interest among functional safety specialists and experts after publication of the second edition of international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511, including the design and implementing the safety-related functions of higher safety integrity levels and protection layers. The basic role of safety-related systems is to reduce effectively and...
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Designing issues of the alarm system in context of functional safety and human factors
PublicationThis article addresses selected aspects of the alarm system and human factors that should be evaluated during the design and operation of an industrial hazardous installation. In such installations the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is often applied for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To reduce and control the risks the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their...
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Framework for RIDM within functional safety management process
PublicationThe functional safety management in life cycle is a complex process starting with identifying hazards and defining safety-related functions (SRFs) with risk assessment oriented at determining the safety integrity level. Another element of such life cycle is a verification of required SIL for designed safety-related system which implements safety function. Due to complexity of the problem, to overcome difficulties in safety-related...
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Current challenges and methodological issues of functional safety and security management in hazardous technical systems
PublicationCelem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie problemów oceny ryzyka w kontekście stosowania systemów elektrycznych / elektronicznych / programowalnych elektronicznych (E/E/PE) z uwzględnieniem aspektów bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego i zabezpieczeń (ochrony). Zadaniem rozwiązań bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego jest efektywne redukowanie ryzyka wychodząc z poziomu nieakceptowanego. Ryzyko jest definiowane jako kombinacja prawdopodobieństwa wystąpienia...
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Functional safety and cyber security analysis for life cycle management of industrial control systems in hazardous plants and oil port critical infrastructure including insurance
PublicationThis report addresses selected methodological aspects of proactive reliability, functional safety and cyber security management in life cycle of industrial automation and control systems (IACS) in hazardous plants and oil port critical installations based on the analysis of relevant hazards / threats and evaluation of related risks. In addition the insurance company point of view has been also considered, because nowadays the insurer,...
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Organizational culture as prerequisite of proactive safety and security management in critical infrastructure systems including hazardous plants and ports
PublicationThis article addresses selected aspects of organizational culture to be considered in the context of knowledge based proactive safety and security management of plants, ports and systems of critical infrastructure. It has been often emphasized in the domain literature that business effectiveness of such plants and their resilience against hazards and threats to avoid major accidents depends substantially on human and organizational...
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Towards a process based management system for oil port infrastructure in context of insurance
PublicationThis article addresses selected methodological aspects of a process based management system based on analysis of hazards and threats and risk evaluation for an oil port infrastructure in context of insurance. The oil port terminal is regarded as important system of the critical infrastructure that require careful system oriented approach to deal with integrated aspects of environmental, safety and security management to reduce...
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Cognitive engineering and functional safety technology for reducing risks in hazardous plants
PublicationCognitive engineering is considered nowadays as interesting multidisciplinary domain that focuses on improving the relations between humans and the systems that are supervised and operated. The industrial automation and control systems (IACS) in hazardous plants are increasingly computerized and perform various safety functions. These are designed and implemented according to the functional safety concept. The objective is to maintain...
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Functional safety with cybersecurity for the control and protection systems on example of the oil port infrastructure
PublicationSafety and cybersecurity aspects consist of two different group of functional requirements for the industrial control and protection systems in the oil port installation. It is the main reason why the analyses of safety and cybersecurity shouldn’t be integrated directly. These article presented some important issues of the functional safety analysis with regard to cybersecurity aspects in the oil seaport infrastructure. The proposed...
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Procedure based proactive functional safety management for the risk mitigation of hazardous events in the oil port installations including insurance aspects
PublicationThis article addresses selected technical and organization aspects of risk mitigation in the oil port installations with regard to functional safety requirements specified in standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. The procedure for functional safety management includes the hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safety requirements and definition of safety functions. Based on risk assessment results...
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Navigational decision support system during approach manoeuvre in emergency STS transfer operation
PublicationThe paper is concerned with the problem of safe trajectory planning for approaching during emergency STS (Ship to Ship) transfer operation with oil spill. The safe trajectory means that the way points does not cross in the area of the environment with the static and dynamic obstacles and at the same time satisfies ship's stopping and speed deceleration performance. The evolutionary path planning algorithm is used to determine trajectory...
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Procedure based functional safety and information security management of industrial automation and control systems on example of the oil port installations
PublicationThe approach addresses selected technical and organization aspects of risk mitigation in the oil port installations with regard to functional safety and security requirements specified in standards IEC 61508, IEC 61511 and IEC 62443. The procedure for functional safety management includes the hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safety requirements and definition of...
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Integrated approach for functional safety and cyber security management in maritime critical infrastructures
PublicationThe work is devoted important issues of the management in maritime critical infrastructure of functional safety analysis, in particular the safety integrity level (SIL) verification of safety functions to be implemented within the distributed control and protection systems with regard to cyber security aspects. A method based on quantitative and qualitative information is proposed for the SIL (IEC 61508, 61511) verification with...
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Accident susceptibility index for a passenger ship-a framework and case study
PublicationThe continuous monitoring and assessment of operational vulnerability and accident susceptibility of passenger ships is crucial from the perspective of ship and passenger safety. Despite the existing solutions for vulnerability monitoring, stemming mainly from watertight door operations, a comprehensive framework for accident susceptibility assessment and monitoring is missing in the literature. Therefore, this paper offers a...
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Towards a modification of a regulatory framework aiming at bunker oil spill prevention from ships - A design aspect of bunker tanks vents location guided by CFD simulations
PublicationAlthough accidental bunker oil spills at seaway are relatively rare events, they can be pose real threat to the natural marine environment. One of the reasons for the bunker spill to occur is a design failure; one of the ways it can demonstrate is an improper location or height of vent heads, leading to a bunker oil discharge during heavy rolling, due to sloshing phenomenon. Design of a ship and her systems is guided by various...
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Know your safety indicator – A determination of merchant vessels Bow Crossing Range based on big data analytics
PublicationEven in the era of automatization maritime safety constantly needs improvements. Regardless of the presence of crew members on board, both manned and autonomous ships should follow clear guidelines (no matter as bridge procedures or algorithms). To date, many safety indicators, especially in collision avoidance have been proposed. One of such parameters commonly used in day-to-day navigation but usually omitted by researchers is...
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A framework for onboard assessment and monitoring of flooding risk due to open watertight doors for passenger ships
PublicationPost-accident safety of ships is governed by damage stability, affected by watertight subdivisions which limit accidental flooding. This is important for passenger ships with watertight doors (WTDs) often fitted in the bulkheads. Awareness of the ship flooding risk due to open WTDs and the conditions under which the associated risk level changes are prerequisites for proactive risk mitigation. Accident risk is often expressed as...
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Application of a hybrid mechanistic/machine learning model for prediction of nitrous oxide (N2O) production in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor
PublicationNitrous oxide (N2O) is a key parameter for evaluating the greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a new method for predicting liquid N2O production during nitrification was developed based on a mechanistic model and machine learning (ML) algorithm. The mechanistic model was first used for simulation of two 15-day experimental trials in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor. Then, model predictions...
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An updated method identifying collision-prone locations for ships. A case study for oil tankers navigating in the Gulf of Finland
PublicationTo ensure the risk level associated with continuously increasing maritime traffic through particularly sensitive sea areas remains at acceptable level, a periodic risk assessment needs to be carried out by the relevant authorities. As a part of such assessment, allowing for proactive countermeasures to mitigate risk, the frequency of accidents is estimated along with the assessment of geographical locations where the accidents...
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A ship domain-based model of collision risk for near-miss detection and Collision Alert Systems
PublicationThe paper presents a new model of ship collision risk, which utilises a ship domain concept and the related domain-based collision risk parameters. An encounter is here described by five variables representing: degree of domain violation (DDV), relative speed of the two vessels, combination of the vessels’ courses, arena violations and encounter complexity. As for the first three variables, their values can be directly computed...
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A framework for risk assessment for maritime transportation systems—A case study for open sea collisions involving RoPax vessels
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Probability modelling of vessel collisions
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Towards the development of a system-theoretic model for safety assessment of autonomous merchant vessels
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Towards the assessment of potential impact of unmanned vessels on maritime transportation safety
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Maritime transportation risk analysis: Review and analysis in light of some foundational issues
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Towards a probabilistic model for predicting ship besetting in ice in Arctic waters
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On a systematic perspective on risk for formal safety assessment (FSA)
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Enhancing human performance in ship operations by modifying global design factors at the design stage
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Special issue - ECCE-6
PublicationWskazano na nadmierną konsumpcję energii i substancji w porównaniu z rzeczywistym zapotrzebowaniem dla życia ludzkiego. Wskazano na skutki nadmiernie intensywnej eksploatacji surowców i zanieczyszczenie środowiska. Wskazano na wybitnie nierównomierny rozkład zużycia energii w świecie. Omówiono straty energii spowodowane emisją metanu z kopalń. Przedyskutowano możliwości i zasadnośc stosowania biopaliw. Omówiono rolę inżynierów...
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Support for argument structures review and assessment
PublicationArgument structures are commonly used to develop and present cases for safety, security and for other properties of systems. Such structures tend to grow excessively, which causes problems with their review and assessment. Two issues are of particular interest: (1) systematic and explicit assessment of the compelling power of an argument, and (2) communication of the result of such an assessment to relevant recipients. The paper...
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Integration of advanced oxidation and membrane filtration for removal of micropollutants of emerging concern
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Noble metal–TiO2 supported catalysts for the catalytic ozonation of parabens mixtures
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Textile wastewater treatment by AOPs for brine reuse
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In-situ oxidative degradation of sulfamethoxazole by calcium peroxide/persulfate dual oxidant system in water and soil
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Brewery spent grain valorization through fermentation: Targeting biohydrogen, carboxylic acids and methane production
PublicationThis study investigated three different fermentation approaches to explore the potential for producing biohydrogen, carboxylic acids, and methane from hydrolysates of thermally dilute acid pretreated brewer's spent grains (BSG). Initially, the research focused on maximizing the volumetric hydrogen production rate (HPR) in the continuous dark fermentation (DF) of BSG hydrolysates by varying the hydraulic retention time (HRT). The...
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A framework to analyse the probability of accidental hull girder failure considering advanced corrosion degradation for risk-based ship design
PublicationShip’s hull girder failure could result from maritime accident that can cause human life loss, environmental disaster, and major economic impacts. In risk-based ship design paradigm, accounting for rare phenomena (e.g. ship-ship collision or grounding) is important to provide safe and durable structure. In-service corrosion-induced hull degradation should be considered at the design stage, as it can significantly affect structural...
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Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid energy system for electrification using an off-grid solar/biogas/battery system employing HOMER: A case study in Vietnam
PublicationThe electrification of off-grid /island villages is a critical step towards improving the techno-economic circumstances of rural regions and the overall general growth of the country. However, consistent supply from a single source is not possible in these areas. Thus, a hybrid renewable energy system performs better in these conditions. The research challenge now is to identify the optimal combinations of HRES from the available...
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Co-gasification of waste biomass-low grade coal mix using downdraft gasifier coupled with dual-fuel engine system: Multi-objective optimization with hybrid approach using RSM and Grey Wolf Optimizer
PublicationThe looming global crisis over increasing greenhouse gases and rapid depletion of fossil fuels are the motivation factors for researchers to search for alternative fuels. There is a need for more sustainable and less polluting fuels for internal combustion engines. Biomass offers significant potential as a feed material for gasification to produce gaseous fuel. It is carbon neutral, versatile, and abundant on earth. The present...
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Safety integrity level verification for safety-related functions with security aspects
PublicationThe article is devoted some important issues of the functional safety analysis, in particular the safetyintegrity level (SIL) verification of safety functions to be implemented within the distributed controland protection systems with regard to cyber security aspects. The procedure for functional safety man-agement includes hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safetyrequirements and definition...
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Holistic collision avoidance decision support system for watchkeeping deck officers
PublicationThe paper presents a 3-stage synthesis-based Decision Support System for watchkeeping deck officers. Its functional scope covers conflict detection, maneuver selection, and maneuver execution, all phases supplemented by collision alerts. First, a customized elliptic ship domain is used for checking if both OS and TS will have enough free space. A survey-based navigators’ declarative OS arena is then used to determine the time at...
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Towards an analysis framework for operational risk coupling mode: A case from MASS navigating in restricted waters
PublicationMaritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs) constitute highly interconnected and tightly coupled multistate systems. Incorporating the coupling effects of both interactions and dependencies is centrally important to ensure navigation safety of MASSs. This paper proposes a framework for examining the coupling effects in the operational modes (OM) of MASSs. Failure Modes (FMs) of MASSs related to interactions with the environment and...
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A framework estimating the minimum sample size and margin of error for maritime quantitative risk analysis
PublicationThe average accident frequency is essential for quantitative risk analysis and is conventionally estimated from accident statistics. This paper has systematically synthesised the knowledge on statistical errors and offered the missing instructions, a framework, for determining the minimum sample size and the margin of error (MOE) when calculating the average accident frequency from an accident database at hand. We have applied...
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A probabilistic-driven framework for enhanced corrosion estimation of ship structural components
PublicationThe work proposes a probabilistic-driven framework for enhanced corrosion estimation of ship structural components using Bayesian inference and limited measurement data. The new approach for modelling measurement uncertainty is proposed based on the results of previous corrosion tests that incorporate the non-uniform character of the corroded surface of structural components. The proposed framework's basic features are outlined,...