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Open Research Data

  • WIG rate of return histogram and normal distribution curve
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The conducted market analysis covered the period of stock exchange quotations from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2019 (04/01/2010 - 30/12/2019). Daily data was used, in the form of closing prices of indices operating on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. In order to obtain a complete and generalized picture of the market, the quotations of 4 indices were...

  • What entrepreneurs think about tax optimization?
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The study conducted on a group of 259 entrepreneurs concerned the behavioral attitudes of business owners regarding their opinion on tax optimization. From the study we will learn, among others, how tax optimization is defined according to entrepreneurs, their attitude towards it, as well as what optimization actions they have taken so far.

  • Ways to promote and increase the level of quality at private universities in Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia
    Open Research Data
    open access

    To exist and develop, universities must first of all have someone to educate. With considerable market competition, they must undertake intense marketing activities to reach the client, i.e. the potential student. Moreover, such activities are the main goals of non-public universities and are taken into account when building a strategy. Research shows...

  • VAT rates in particular member states of the European Union in 2015
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Under European Union law, the minimum standard rate of VAT that Member States can apply is 15%. An upper limit has not been specified. Despite attempts to harmonize the value added tax rates, the range of tax rates applied between countries is large. Currently, Luxembourg uses the lowest standard rate (15%), and Hungary uses the highest (27%). Due to...

  • Value of tax preferences in 2009-2015 as a percentage of Polish GDP
    Open Research Data
    open access

    This research data shows the percentage of the amount of tax preferences as a percentage of Polish GDP between 2009-2015. The data contained in this dataset has been collected by the Polish Ministry of Finance.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2014
    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2014.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2013
    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2013.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2012
    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2012.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2011
    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2009.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2010
    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2010.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2009
    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2009.

  • Use of tax incentives and exemptions - study results
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The study was conducted on a group of 259 entrepreneurs from various regions of Poland. Tha analysis is concerned on aspects related to the level of use of tax incentives in companies. The results contain the following aspects: how often entrepreneurs benefit from tax breaks and exemptions and why are they reluctant to take economic and business advantage...

  • Upper corporate income tax rates CIT in EU countries (in%).
    Open Research Data
    open access

    In 2000, CIT rates were quite varied; in Ireland and Lithuania it was 24%, and in Germany it was nearly 52%. For all EU countries, the average CIT rate was at the level of 32%, but in the following years the rate decreased to reach the level of around 22.5%. The largest reductions in the CIT rate were introduced by Bulgaria and Germany. Particularly...

  • Total Goods: EU Trade flows and balance with Iran, 2005-2015 (in millions of USD).
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following dataset shows the volume of trade of the European Union countries with Iran. One can observe a significant drop in both imports and exports (the year 2012 meant tightening of sanctions, which clearly limited the import of Iranian products to the EU). After lifting the sanctions it is expected to substantially increase the level of trade...

  • Total annual EU country support for tax credits and child benefits in EUR (2017)
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The inhabitants of Luxembourg can count on the highest support, the smallest - only a dozen or so euros in Bulgaria. Considerable variation also occurs when we consider the help of general support measured in relation to the average salary. In this case, the highest rate is in France (13.7%), and the lowest, similarly to Bulgaria, (only 0.2%).

  • Top personal income tax rates (PIT) in EU countries (in%).
    Open Research Data
    open access

    When analyzing the historical PIT rates, it should be noted that in 2000 the average rate was almost 45%. The highest income tax (approx. 60%) was imposed in Belgium, Denmark, as well as in the Netherlands and France. On the other hand, the lowest (25%) rates were recorded in Estonia and Latvia, which were not yet members of the European Union. In the...

  • Top 10 Iran Import Partners in 2011
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The leader in the supply of goods and services to Iran are the United Arab Emirates. As many as 32% of the total value of imports to Iran comes from this country. This was followed by China, South Korea and Germany. These four largest countries supplied  goods to Iran of nearly 72% of the total value of imports. 

  • Top 10 Iran Import Goods in 2011
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following dataset shows the volume of trade of the European Union countries with Iran. One can observe a significant drop in both imports and exports (the year 2012 meant tightening of sanctions, which clearly limited the import of Iranian products to the EU). After lifting the sanctions it is expected to substantially increase the level of trade...

  • Top 10 Iran Export Partners in 2011
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Lifting of Iranian sanctions could lead to a rapid improvement in the economic situation of Iran. This will not only remove the barriers of international transactions, but also enable the investments of foreign entities on the territory of Iran, increasing the competitiveness of operators, including in the key mining sector.

  • Top 10 Iran Export Goods in 2011
    Open Research Data
    open access

    In the structure of Iranian exports the dominant position are different types of fuel (including chemical industry products). The structure of imports is much more fragmented. Positions worth of consideration are machinery and equipment, steel, vehicles parts, cereals and food.

  • The structure of the Polish banking sector in 2004-2018
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Dynamic changes in the banking system in the 1990s contributed to the relative stability of the number of banks in all sectors (state-owned, private, cooperative) after 2004. The total number of banks (including credit institutions) has decreased since 2004 from 653 to 612 in 2018 - it should therefore be noted that in the analyzed period the Polish...

  • The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The majority (99.8%) of companies in the EU countries are micro, small and medium-sized enterprises - see chart. The situation is similar in Poland, but the structure of the SME sector is slightly different from that observed in the EU. In Poland, the share of micro-enterprises in the total number of enterprises is higher than in the EU countries (95.5%...

  • The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Enterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...

  • The structure of revenues of non-public universities in 2010 from didactic activity by sources of financing (in%)
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Income from teaching activities of non-public universities accounted for almost 1/5 of income from teaching activities of all types of universities. Non-public universities generated the highest revenues from fees for teaching classes, which accounted for over half of the revenues from this title in relation to all universities.The average cost of education...

  • The structure of electricity production in Poland (data as at the end of 2010)
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The energy market in Poland is characterized primarily by the use of only one raw material for the production of electricity. In 2010, as much as 91.4% of electricity was produced on the basis of hard coal or lignite. Therefore, the remaining sources used for the production of electricity participated in the production of electricity to a small extent....

  • The share of employment in individual cities in total employment in the BPO/SSC sector in Poland
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Employment in the sector in 2019 was almost three times higher than in 2013. Throughout the analyzed period, employment grew year on year. The dynamics of changes ranged from 10% in 2019 to nearly 43% in 2016, when the highest increase in employment in the sector in nominal terms was at the level of 64,000.BPO, SSC / GBS, IT, R&D centers generated...

  • The share of BEV and PHEV in total number of registered vehicles (%) 2011-2016
    Open Research Data
    open access

    In 2016, the highest percentage of electric vehicles among all passenger automobiles was recorded in Norway - about 28% (it should be noted that in 5 years the number of electric cars in this country increased from 5 thousand to 133 thousand). However, the remaining countries in the ranking note a much smaller share of sales of electric vehicles in...

  • The number of work permits issued (in thousands) and the dynamics of changes (%, year on year) in 2008-2018
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The number of work permits issued increased from 18,000 in 2008 to nearly 329 thousand in 2018, i.e. by 18 times. The largest increases in nominal terms occurred in 2015-2018, noting a change from 66 thousand in 2015, up to 127 thousand in 2016, 236,000 in 2017 and 329 thousand in 2018. The number of permits issued (in thousands) and the dynamics of...

  • The number of students in public and private universities in 1990-2011
    Open Research Data
    open access

    From the 2005/2006 academic year - when the number of students reached a record value of 1,953.8 thousand - the number of students is systematically decreasing. Within 5 years, this number decreased by 5.8%, and over the last year, the decrease amounted to 3.1%. These changes are related to the constantly decreasing number of people aged 19-24. Despite...

  • The number of individual clients who log in to the bank using internet banking at least once a month (2017)
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Taking into account active users, i.e. those who have used Internet access at least once, the situation is a bit different. Out of 32.5 million people who have access to electronic banking, 14.7 million people worked at least once a month (data as at the end of 2017). It is worth noting, however, that in this group there was also an increase in the...

  • The number of financial transactions made from the level of the mobile application in 2017
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Taking into account the number of transactions made, the increase is almost 100% when using the mobile application. In 2017, 44 million people were recorded financial transactions made via the application, i.e. opening a deposit or ordering a transfer. It should therefore be noted that there is a growing interest in ordering certain transactions via...

  • The number of enterprises in Poland and selected EU countries in 2012
    Open Research Data
    open access

    In 2012, Poland was sixth in the ranking of the number of enterprises in selected European Union countries. In total, 22 million companies conduct business in the countries of the Community. However, when analyzing these values in relative numbers (calculated as the number of enterprises per 1000 inhabitants), Poland ranks only 22nd among the Member...

  • The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Enterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. The following dataset contains the number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019.

  • The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Enterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...

  • The number of active enterprises in Poland in 1997-2014
    Open Research Data
    open access

    After Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems...

  • The most popular fields of study at full-time first-cycle studies and uniform master's studies in 2010/2011
    Open Research Data
    open access

    Universities try to adjust their didactic offer to the preferences of university candidates and the market situation. The socio-economic changes of the transformation period meant that specialists in the field of the market economy were in demand on the labor market. Subsequently, at universities, such fields as: "Management" or "Pedagogy" are ranked...

  • The most important elements of the social package that guide students of Wrocław University of Science and Technology when choosing their first job
    Open Research Data
    open access

    This dataset contains the results of research that were carried out by the Wrocław University of Science and Technology in March and April 2016, using an anonymous "on-line" questionnaire. 1,320 people took part in the study entitled "My ideal employer" - students and doctoral students of all faculties of the university (including those fields of study...

  • The level of VAT in relation to the GDP of selected European Union countries in 2007-2015 (in%)
    Open Research Data
    open access

    VAT (Value Added Tax) is part of a strictly harmonized tax within the European Union. Under the so-called The Sixth Directive introduced provisions regulating the subject and subject of taxation, tax exemptions and exclusions as well as the tax collection mechanism in all Member States.

  • The level of Knowledge and use of tax exemptions for R&D activities
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following research data contains the answers of 259 entrepreneurs to questions regarding tax reliefs and exemptions for research and development activities. As part of the study answers to the following questions were obtained:Have you ever used the tax relief for new technologies / R&D?Has your company acquired a license / software (intangible...

  • The largest companies in the TSL industry in Poland in 2011
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The data contained in the dataset shows that the most successful transport, forwarding and logistics company in Poland in 2011 was PKP CARGO S.A. The company is the largest carrier in the country, while in the European Union it ranks second in terms of freight transport.

  • The Gini index in Poland in 2008-2017
    Open Research Data
    open access

    When assessing the level of poverty, one should use indicators presenting indicators of social inequality in terms of income, indicators of prosperity and poverty In Poland, the situation in terms of inequality is improving, but as measured by the Gini coefficient. The coefficient, which ranges from zero to one hundred percent, the higher it is, the...

  • The fertility rate (TFR) in selected EU countries in 2015
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The main reasons for the negative consequences of demographic changes are: natural increase in the life span of the population, decline in fertility and emigration of unusual dimensions.

  • The fertility rate (TFR) in Poland in the period 1955-2017
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The fertility rate has dropped 2.5 times over the last 60 years. Immediately after the baby boom in the first half of the 1980s, many generations of women born in the second half of the 1970s, an increase in the number of births from the mid-1990s, were expected as a result of entering the age of the highest fertility age in Poland. which lasted until...

  • The degree of mission implementation, promotion and achievement of goals of the studied universities in Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia in 2011
    Open Research Data
    open access

    All surveyed universities declare that they have a specific mission. The mission of each organization is nothing but the reason for its existence which distinguishes it from all the others. The mission of non-public universities should translate into tasks that it must perform in order to achieve its goals.

  • The additional elements of remuneration, apart from the basic salary
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The results include employee responses from Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Uzbekistan and the UK. The respondents declared different professional experience (from 1 to 40 years). It is worth emphasizing that among the respondents there were people with many years of professional career. This is important because the results of this research can be compared...

  • Tax system in Poland - current situation and direction of changes
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The study conducted on a group of 259 entrepreneurs from various regions of Poland concerns the opinions of business owners on the current tax situation, as well as potential changes in the tax system.

  • Tax system in Poland - current situation and direction of changes
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The study conducted on a group of 259 entrepreneurs from various regions of Poland concerns the opinions of business owners on the current tax situation, as well as potential changes in the tax system.

  • Tax support mechanisms for research and development projects in EU countries
    Open Research Data
    open access

    One of the important areas requiring special support from the state are activities in pro-innovative investments. Tax incentives allocated to research and development are used by practically all European Union countries. Their aim is to persuade entities conducting business activity to invest in the so-called new technologies - defined as the area of...

  • Tax rates for the payroll and profit tax for financial institutions Israel 2002-2015
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following dataset presents the historical tax rates for the payroll and profit tax paid by financial institutions (non-VAT taxation) in Israel.  The data presented in the dataset concerns 2002-2015. 

  • Tax preferences in PIT in numbers 2009-2015
    Open Research Data
    open access

    The follwoing data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support in Personal Income TAX (PIT) between 2009-2015.