Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: SPORTING EVENTS, PUBLIC FINANCE, SOCIAL IMPACTS, MONETARY VALUATION, CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD - MOST Wiedzy

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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: SPORTING EVENTS, PUBLIC FINANCE, SOCIAL IMPACTS, MONETARY VALUATION, CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: SPORTING EVENTS, PUBLIC FINANCE, SOCIAL IMPACTS, MONETARY VALUATION, CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD

  • Pumps, Turbines and Small Hydropower, LEC/LAB, DaPE, sem.5 winter 2022/23 (M:320403W0)

    Kursy Online
    • M. Banaszek

    The aim of the course is to identify and demonstrate knowledge of the major concepts, theoretical perspectives, and historical trends in small hydropower. This course examines the principles of sustainability and renewable energy conversion with emphasis on hydro energy resources. Concentration is placed on the relationships between the renewable resources, conversion technology and economic feasibility along with consideration...

  • Pumps, Turbines and Small Hydropower, LEC/LAB, ET, sem.7 winter 2022/23 (PG_00042108)

    Kursy Online
    • M. Banaszek

    The aim of the course is to identify and demonstrate knowledge of the major concepts, theoretical perspectives, and historical trends in small hydropower. This course examines the principles of sustainability and renewable energy conversion with emphasis on hydro energy resources. Concentration is placed on the relationships between the renewable resources, conversion technology and economic feasibility along with consideration...

  • Pumps, Turbines and Small Hydropower, LEC/LAB, DaPE, sem.5 winter 2023/24 (M:320403W0)

    Kursy Online
    • M. Banaszek

    The aim of the course is to identify and demonstrate knowledge of the major concepts, theoretical perspectives, and historical trends in small hydropower. This course examines the principles of sustainability and renewable energy conversion with emphasis on hydro energy resources. Concentration is placed on the relationships between the renewable resources, conversion technology and economic feasibility along with consideration...

  • Pumps, Turbines and Small Hydropower, LEC/LAB, ET, sem.7 winter 2023/24 (PG_00042108)

    Kursy Online
    • M. Banaszek

    The aim of the course is to identify and demonstrate knowledge of the major concepts, theoretical perspectives, and historical trends in small hydropower. This course examines the principles of sustainability and renewable energy conversion with emphasis on hydro energy resources. Concentration is placed on the relationships between the renewable resources, conversion technology and economic feasibility along with consideration...

  • Kursy Online
    • A. Gębczyńska-Janowicz
    • K. Zielińska-Dąbkowska
    • J. Szczepański
    • P. Czyż
    • M. Podwojewska

    Contemporary Theories in Architecture and Perception of Space Thursdays 14.15-16.00 on-line 1. 01.12.2022 Characteristics of Architecture of Public Buildings 2. 08.12.2022 Light for Public Buildings 3. 15.12.2022 The issues of contemporary architectural theories from the late nineteenth century to the present December 22, 2022 - classes according to Friday's schedule4. 05.01.2023 The issues of contemporary architectural...

  • Elective Project I _ Shelter_learning by doing

    Kursy Online
    • G. Rembarz
    • B. Bou Kalfouni

    Elective Project I _ Shelter - learning by doing “Your creativity and skills play an important role in making an impact in responding to humanitarian challenges and global crises” The world seems to be reeling from one crisis to another. Recently we experienced climate crises, global pandemic (Covid-19), economic uncertainty, wars, floods, wildfire, and earthquakes. Proceeding from the challenges facing humanity at the global...

  • Fundamentals of Interpersonal Communication Group Work, PG_00041985

    Kursy Online
    • I. Dziwisz-Olszak

    The main objective of this coure is to search information on a given topic. On this course students have to present their opinions on a specific topic in the form of a multimedia presentation. Classes are designed to improve the skills of public speaking and to acquire basic knowledge about verbal and nonverbal communication, speeches principles (rhetoric), statement ethics, the rules of disscusion, the basics of good manners....

  • Team Strategies - sem. 2022/23

    Kursy Online
    • T. Białaszewski

    The main aim of the course is to familiarize students with the basic problems in team strategies, such as: the use of the particle swarm optimization algorithms, the ant colony optimization, stochastic distributed searches, algorithms for team strategy, multi-agent systems, modeling intelligent cooperation, simulations of social behavior. The form of passing the course is passing the exam and completing a project task

  • Team Strategies - sem. 2023/24

    Kursy Online
    • T. Białaszewski

    The main aim of the course is to familiarize students with the basic problems in team strategies, such as: the use of the particle swarm optimization algorithms, the ant colony optimization, stochastic distributed searches, algorithms for team strategy, multi-agent systems, modeling intelligent cooperation, simulations of social behavior. The form of passing the course is passing the exam and completing a project task

  • Spatial and Regional Studies 2022/2023

    Kursy Online
    • Ł. Pancewicz
    • M. Arczyńska

    The objective of the course Spatial Planning is to teach the architects the key concepts of town planning as well as about its relationship with the architectural practice. The exercises are designed to familiarize the participants with the main concepts that directly impacts on the work of architects, regardless of their respective national context:planning control, role of the technical regulations and the planning permissions; zoning...

  • Architectural project VI 2021/2022 _Erasmus _JB

    Kursy Online
    • J. Badach

    The design task is to develop a draft revitalisation plan and a conceptual proposal for a complex of architectural objects for an area in Dolne Miasto, Gdańsk. The proposal should include spatial, social and environmental solutions to restore the attractiveness of a historical district and enhance its visual coherence and functionality. Moreover, the aim is to develop detailed architectural and functional solutions for a selected...

  • EMBOA - affective loop in Socially Assistive Robotics as an intervention tool for children with autism

    Kursy Online
    • M. Wróbel
    • A. Landowska

    The aim of the training course "Intensive programmes for higher education learner" within the EMBOA project is to familiarise participants with the use of social robots as an intervention tool for children with autism, emotion recognition and the combination of both methods. Students will be informed about the guidelines and results of the project.

  • Design for all

    Kursy Online
    • J. M. Kowalewska

    The aim of the course is to increase awareness of the needs of people with special needs and the idea of universal design. The subject is to introduce the social and legal conditions of the profession of architect, focused on the needs of all vulnerable user groups, including people with disabilities and the elderly. Knowledge of solutions related to Design for All is necessary due to the implementation of directives and standards...

  • Theory of architectural design V. Design for all

    Kursy Online
    • A. Gębczyńska-Janowicz
    • K. Zielińska-Dąbkowska
    • M. Wysocki
    • J. M. Kowalewska
    • M. Kwasek
    • J. Kołodziejczak

    The aim of the course is to increase awareness of the needs of people with special needs and the idea of universal design. The subject is to introduce the social and legal conditions of the profession of architect, focused on the needs of all vulnerable user groups, including people with disabilities and the elderly. Knowledge of solutions related to Design for All is necessary due to the implementation of directives and standards...

  • Mechanics of materials (PG_00057378), W/Ć, BM, II stop., sem1,3, lato, 2023/24

    Kursy Online
    • B. Rozmarynowski
    • P. M. Bielski

    The aim of this course is providing knowledge in the field of analysis and solving problems of mechanics and strength of one-dimensional systems (bars, beams, frames) and selected two-dimensional systems (shields, plates); preparing the student to solve problems involving complex cases of material strength; developing the ability to assess the stability of structural elements (forms of stability loss, critical forces); consolidation...

  • [EiF] Economic theory - micro

    Kursy Online
    • A. Parteka

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina:  Ekonomia i Finanse Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I i II roku Prowadzący:   dr hab. Tomasz Brodzicki Liczba godzin: 30 h Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: Economics and Finance Obligatory course for 1st and 2nd year PhD students Academic teacher:  dr hab. Tomasz Brodzicki Total hours of training: 30 teaching hours Course type: lecture {mlang}

  • 2022-2023 - Wytrzymałość materiałów II, PG_00040052

    Kursy Online
    • M. K. Gerigk

    Opanowanie wiedzy i umiejętności rozwiązywania złożonych zagadnień wytrzymałości prętów, powłok oraz płyt, mechaniki pękania i wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej, drgań prętów, oraz wybranych zastosowań metody elementów skończonych. The aim of the lectures is to deliver to the students the knowledge and abilities to solve the complex problems concerning the bars, shells, 3D structures, mechanics of cracking and fatique strength, vibrations...

  • [EiF] Economic theory - macro

    Kursy Online
    • E. Lechman

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina:  Ekonomia i Finanse Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I i II roku Prowadzący:   dr hab. Ewa Lechman, prof. F. Reganati Liczba godzin: 30 h Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: Economics and Finance Obligatory course for 1st and 2nd year PhD students Academic teacher:  dr hab. Ewa Lechman, prof. F. Reganati Total hours of training: 30 teaching hours Course type: lecture {mlang}

  • Geometria wykreślna I, 2022/23

    Kursy Online
    • J. M. Kowalewska
    • M. Malewczyk
    • B. A. Chomicka
    • D. Cyparski
    • A. Wancław

    {mlang pl}Kurs „Geometria wykreślna I” łączy w sobie elementy kształcenia tradycyjnego z e-nauczaniem. Przeznaczony jest dla studentów kierunku Architektura, sem. 1, studia inżynierskie I stopnia. Tematyka dotyczy graficznej prezentacji obiektów 3D na płaszczyźnie, ich restytucji na podstawie rzutów oraz rozwiązywania prostych problemów przestrzennych. Treść nauczania obejmuje założenia metody rzutów prostokątnych na dwie rzutnie...

  • ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CREATIVITY - summer term 2021/22

    Kursy Online
    • M. Popowska

    The aim of the course is to acquaint students with entrepreneurship as a phenomenon,  increase their pro-entrepreneurial attitudes and develop skills necessary in entrepreneurship process. Special emphasis will be placed on fashion business as representing creative industry. The main objectives are as follows: Learn how to prepare a business model canvas and business plan. Know the backstage of the fashion industry. Identify...

  • ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CREATIVITY - summer term 2023/24

    Kursy Online
    • M. Popowska

    The aim of the course is to acquaint students with entrepreneurship as a phenomenon,  increase their pro-entrepreneurial attitudes and develop skills necessary in entrepreneurship process. Special emphasis will be placed on fashion business as representing creative industry. The main objectives are as follows: Learn how to prepare a business model canvas and business plan. Know the backstage of the fashion industry. Identify...

  • Architectural Project I and II 2023/2024

    Kursy Online
    • J. Krenz
    • M. Wojtkiewicz

    The aim of the course is to teach the method of creating an architectural form in a style that reflects a given topic drawn in the form of an ideogram. Creating architecture in this way makes it possible to endow the architectural form with meanings contained in the art, so that it becomes an important element of the existential space. An important feature of the ideogram is its artistic value. In this way, it can additionally...

  • Numerical Methods

    Kursy Online
    • P. Sypek
    • M. Rewieński

    Numerical Methods: for Electronics and Telecommunications students, Master's level, semester 1 Instructor: Michał Rewieński, Piotr Sypek Course description: This course provides an introduction to computational techniques for the simulation and modeling of a broad range of engineering and physical systems. Concepts and methods discussed are widely illustrated by various applications including modeling of integrated circuits,...

  • Management and economic of engineer projects

    Kursy Online
    • A. Ossowska

    Lectures  - 05 October-30 November, 2023 1. Project management: Engineers, projects, management, planning and scheduling, personnel and organizational, team building, project control, estimating and ordering. 2. Team building: personality types, team effectiveness. 3. Project management: WBS, Gantt, Earned Value Method, critical path, risk management. 4. Economic Engineering: Establishing economic equivalence, Interest: cost...

  • ELECTIVE PROJECT II _sem 5_Green Story - Free Time Space

    Kursy Online
    • K. Życzkowska

    The topic of the course - Green Story - Free Time Space, joins green architecture and a place to spend free time - inside and outside – to read, to eat, to relax. The idea is to design green – to give back the greenery to the public square – to make a city space more friendly for users and more friendly to the environment.  You can design a story, to make a space more attractive. You can design a Green Story, to make people more...

  • Interactive Decision Making, Inżynieria Środowiska, Environmental Engineering, 2023/2024 (summer semester)

    Kursy Online
    • A. Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska
    • A. Siemaszko

    The course is designed for students of MSc Studies in Environmental Engineering (studies in Polish and English) Person responsible for the subject, carrying out lectures and tutorials: mgr inż. Agata.Siemaszko; agata.siemaszko@pg.edu.pl The person conducting the lectures and tutorials: dr inż. Anna Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska; anna.jakubczyk@pg.edu.pl The course is conducted using the Project-Based Learning (PBL) method. It provides...

  • Art Composition

    Kursy Online
    • K. Wróblewski
    • P. Różycki

    Person in charge: prof. Krzysztof Wróblewski, Department of Visual Arts Teacher: mgr Patryk Różycki, Department of Visual Arts Five Words. Society and Politics. What? By What? General assumptions. The aim of the proposed two artistic compositions is a creative processing of emotions related to the socio-political issues. In general, it is about personal views and feelings, but it must be also considered that architects are...

  • 2022-2023 - Wytrzymałość materiałów I, PG_00039799

    Kursy Online
    • M. K. Gerigk

    Celem przedmiotu jest zapoznanie studentów z podstawowymi zagadnieniami związanymi z wytrzymałością materiałów. Wykłady dotyczą kolejno: podstawy wytrzymałości materiałów, wytrzymałość pręta prostego na ściskanie/rozciąganie, analiza wytrzymałości dla układów prętowych statycznie niewyznaczalnych, wytrzymałość prętów na skręcanie, wytrzymałość belek zginanie, odkształcenia belki zginanej, ścinanie pręta (pręt ścinany), stany naprężeń,...

  • Mathematical and numerical modelling,W,IDE-EMSS,IIst,sem.01,lato,2023/24 (PG_00057379)

    Kursy Online
    • K. J. Kaliński

    Modelling of controlled mechanical systems by the mixed method of rigid and flexible finite elements: The finite element volume problems. Dynamics of multibody systems. Modelling of stationary closed loop systems. Modelling of systems whose configuration changes with time. Modelling of nonlinear controlled systems. Optimal control at energy performance index: Control of continuous nonstationary systems in domain of generalised...

  • Mathematical and Numerical Modelling, L, IDE IInd, sem.01, summer, 2022/23(00057379)

    Kursy Online
    • K. J. Kaliński

    Modelling of controlled mechanical systems by the mixed method of rigid and flexible finite elements: The finite element volume problems. Dynamics of multibody systems. Modelling of stationary closed loop systems. Modelling of systems whose configuration changes with time. Modelling of nonlinear controlled systems. Optimal control at energy performance index: Control of continuous nonstationary systems in domain of generalised...

  • Prediploma project KAMiPN, KSW, sem.6, 2023/24

    Kursy Online
    • D. Cyparski
    • M. Podwojewska

    The topics of the classes include issues related to the analysis of conditions resulting from the location, the functional and spatial program and the provisions of the Local Development Plan, technical conditions and construction law. The design covers: plot development, form and function of the building (including an underground garage, if the function and provisions of the local development plan), basic construction and installation...

  • [ZiJ, EiF] Qualitative research methods 2020-21

    Kursy Online
    • R. Jankowski
    • K. Zięba

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości; ekonomia i finanse Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I roku Prowadzący:  dr hab. inż. Krzysztof Zięba, prof. PG Liczba godzin: 30 Forma zajęć: laboratoria {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: management and quality; economics and finance Obligatory course for 1st-year PhD students Academic teacher: dr hab. inż. Krzysztof Zięba, prof. PG Total hours of training: 30 teaching...

  • [EiF] Empirical research in economics 2023/2024

    Kursy Online
    • A. Parteka
    • J. Wolszczak-Derlacz

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina:  Ekonomia i Finanse Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I roku Prowadzący:   dr hab. inż. Aleksandra Parteka, prof. PG, dr hab Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz, prof PG prof. Francesco Venturini (Univ.Perugia) Liczba godzin: 30 h Forma zajęć: laboratoria {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: Economics and Finance Obligatory course for 1st and 2nd year PhD students Academic teacher:  Aleksandra Parteka prof....

  • Projekt Fakultatywny II/ Elective Design II 2020/2021 S.Hudnik+K.Życzkowska

    Kursy Online
    • K. Życzkowska

    SUPERSURFACE – an alternative model for life The studio will explore an alternative architectural models for contemporary society in the context of different political, cultural, economic and environmental contexts. Temporal living and technology links the general fashion principles with architecture. The projects will investigate the visionary scenarios through Superstudio movies Fundamental Acts and various concepts and structures...

  • [ZiJ, EiF] Philosophy, research methodology, elements of logic

    Kursy Online
    • A. Karalus

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości; ekonomia i finanse Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I roku Prowadzący:  dr Mateusz Bonecki Liczba godzin: 30 Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: management and quality; economics and finance Obligatory course for 1st-year PhD students Academic teacher: dr Mateusz Bonecki Total hours of training: 30 teaching hours Course type: lecture {mlang}

  • WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER DISPOSAL

    Kursy Online
    • H. Al-Hazmi

    The course on Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal provides a comprehensive understanding of the principles, practices, and technologies involved in managing water resources effectively. It covers both the supply side, focusing on the provision of clean and safe drinking water, and the disposal side, addressing the treatment and management of wastewater to minimize environmental impact. Key Topics Covered: 1. Introduction to...

  • Theory of Achitectural Design II 2021/2022

    Kursy Online
    • J. Krenz

    Prowadzący: dr hab. inż. arch. Jacek Krenz, prof. PG Architecture influenced by Art The aim of the set of lectures is to teach the method of creating an architectural form in a style that reflects a given topic drawn in the form of an ideogram. Creating architecture in this way makes it possible to endow the architectural form with meanings so that it becomes an important element of the existential space. An important feature...

  • Theory of Achitectural Design II 2020/2021

    Kursy Online
    • J. Krenz

    Prowadzący: dr hab. inż. arch. Jacek Krenz, prof. PG Architecture influenced by Art The aim of the set of lectures is to teach the method of creating an architectural form in a style that reflects a given topic drawn in the form of an ideogram. Creating architecture in this way makes it possible to endow the architectural form with meanings so that it becomes an important element of the existential space. An important feature...

  • Urban Project IV. Summer semester - ERASMUS

    Kursy Online
    • Ł. Pancewicz

    Course Urban Project IV (AI_MK_28/1) SHAPING A NEW DISTRICT – WHITE RIVER (POL. BIAŁA RZEKA) IN THE CITY OF RUMIA The subject of the exercises is to design the spatial layout of the new district in the area of ​​the so-called Small Tricity. The task of the group will be to develop initial design guidelines - layout and character of buildings, primar building parameters, service program. The planned construction of the new SKM...

  • Statistics 2022_23

    Kursy Online
    • S. M. Kot

    1.Elements of probability. The axioms of the probability theory 2. Random  variables and their distributions. Discrete and continuous random variables 3. Parameters of random variables: expected value, moments 4. Selected distributions of random variables (Bernoulli, Poison, Gaussian) 5.The distribution in the sample. Visualisation by histograms 6. Measures of statistical location: arithmetic mean, median, quantiles. 7. Measures...

  • [ZiJ, EiF] Quantitative research methods

    Kursy Online
    • M. Gurczyńska
    • P. Paradowski

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości, ekonomia i finanse Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I roku Prowadzący:  dr Piotr Paradowski Liczba godzin: 30 Forma zajęć: laboratories Kurs realizowany w zakładce WZiE: https://enauczanie.pg.edu.pl/moodle/course/view.php?id=11366  Na kurs należy zapisać się samodzielnie: https://enauczanie.pg.edu.pl/moodle/enrol/index.php?id=11366  {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline:...

  • Zaawansowane Metody Pomiarowe i Diagnostyczne 2022/2023

    Kursy Online
    • Z. Czaja
    • G. Lentka
    • J. Smulko
    • A. Kwiatkowski
    • M. Kowalewski

    {mlang en} 1. Introduction/Guide for the use of the International System of Units2. Rules and style conventions for expressing values of quantities.3. The role of measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment. 4. Probabilistic model for measurement processes, estimation theory5. Analog-digital conversion methods6. Selected structures of classical analog-digital converters7. New techniques of analog-digital conversion: sigma-delta...

  • Zaawansowane Metody Pomiarowe i Diagnostyczne 2023/2024

    Kursy Online
    • Z. Czaja
    • G. Lentka
    • J. Smulko
    • A. Kwiatkowski
    • M. Kowalewski

    {mlang en} 1. Introduction/Guide for the use of the International System of Units2. Rules and style conventions for expressing values of quantities.3. The role of measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment. 4. Probabilistic model for measurement processes, estimation theory5. Analog-digital conversion methods6. Selected structures of classical analog-digital converters7. New techniques of analog-digital conversion: sigma-delta...

  • Architectural Project Sem. II 2021/2022

    Kursy Online
    • J. Krenz
    • K. Życzkowska
    • M. Wojtkiewicz

    Prowadzący: dr hab. inż. arch. Jacek Krenz, prof. PG mgr inż. arch. Marta Golińska   Architecture influenced by Art The aim of the course is to teach the method of creating an architectural form in a style that reflects a given topic drawn in the form of an ideogram. Creating architecture in this way makes it possible to endow the architectural form with meanings so that it becomes an important element of the existential space....

  • Architectural Project II 2022/2023

    Kursy Online
    • J. Krenz
    • K. Życzkowska
    • M. Wojtkiewicz

    Prowadzący: dr hab. inż. arch. Jacek Krenz, prof. PG mgr inż. arch. Marta Golińska   Architecture influenced by Art The aim of the course is to teach the method of creating an architectural form in a style that reflects a given topic drawn in the form of an ideogram. Creating architecture in this way makes it possible to endow the architectural form with meanings so that it becomes an important element of the existential space....

  • [soft skills] Commercialization of scientific outcomes

    Kursy Online
    • A. Krawczyk-Kłos
    • D. Kuźniewski
    • R. Jankowski
    • A. Klej

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: wszystkie dyscypliny Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów II roku Prowadzący:  Damian Kuźniewski, Agnieszka Krawczyk-Kłos, Centrum Transferu Wiedzy i Technologii na PG Liczba godzin: 5 Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: all disciplinesObligatory course for the 2nd-year PhD students Academic teacher: Damian Kuźniewski, Agnieszka Krawczyk-Kłos, Centre for Knowledge and Technology Transfer...

  • Topic 1: Transformations / Spatial form design, scale 1:1

    Kursy Online
    • E. Urwanowicz
    • K. Wróblewski
    • P. Różycki

    Brief description: The subject matter of the spatial form design classes is transformation. First, a black square becomes a flat graphic composition, which is then converted to color. The final stage of the transformation process is a spatial object, which is by assumption devoid of any utilitarian functions. Course content / classes schedule:   1. Graphic. The task is to create an achromatic flat composition in the contrast...

  • SPACIAL FORM DESIGN scale 1:1

    Kursy Online
    • Ł. Ławrynowicz
    • K. Wróblewski

    Brief description: The subject matter of the spatial form design classes is transformation. First, a black square becomes a flat graphic composition, which is then converted to color. The final stage of the transformation process is a spatial object, which is by assumption devoid of any utilitarian functions. Course content / classes schedule:   1. Graphic. The task is to create an achromatic flat composition in the contrast...

  • Forest management

    Kursy Online
    • S. Klisz

    The last ice age ended in Scandinavia about 15 000 years ago. The land was gradually occupied by present tree species. Human settlement followed the vegetation. The first forest uses were hunting and gathering. Animal husbandry and forest grazing came later. Shifting cultivation was a wide spread form of agriculture, especially in Sweden and Finland. Wood was first used for domestic purposes and for construction, In the 18th century,...