Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: TYPES OF BACKGROUND PROBLEMS - MOST Wiedzy

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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: TYPES OF BACKGROUND PROBLEMS

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: TYPES OF BACKGROUND PROBLEMS

  • Interactive Decision Making, Inżynieria Środowiska, Environmental Engineering, 2023/2024 (summer semester)

    Kursy Online
    • A. Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska
    • A. Siemaszko

    The course is designed for students of MSc Studies in Environmental Engineering (studies in Polish and English) Person responsible for the subject, carrying out lectures and tutorials: mgr inż. Agata.Siemaszko; agata.siemaszko@pg.edu.pl The person conducting the lectures and tutorials: dr inż. Anna Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska; anna.jakubczyk@pg.edu.pl The course is conducted using the Project-Based Learning (PBL) method. It provides...

  • [ZiJ] Empirical research in Management

    Kursy Online
    • R. Jankowski
    • W. Kucharska

    Dyscyplina: nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I i II roku Prowadzący:  dr inż. Wioleta Kucharska Liczba godzin: 30 Forma zajęć: laboratoria Discipline: management and quality Obligatory course for 1st and 2nd-year PhD students Academic teacher: dr inż. Wioleta Kucharska Total hours of training: 30 teaching hours Course type: laboratories

  • Elective design II: PLANNING GENDERED CITY- GENDER CITY WALKING TOURS Women in Architecture series_2023

    Kursy Online
    • J. Borucka
    • N. Hassas

    The course aim is to get familiar with the topic of tangible and intangible cultural heritage created by women in 100 years. The recognition of the past and present achievements as well as problems and challenges female are facing in built environment is curtail for understanding importance of women involvement and need of their support and promotion. This new perception continues to increase the visibility of creative...

  • Advanced methods in biosensing: fundamentals and applications

    Kursy Online
    • R. Bogdanowicz
    • J. Ryl

    This course provides instruction in the basic science and engineering conceptsrequired to understand the design and application of biosensors. Different biosensorsystems are explored, ranging from electrochemical devices, through to optical orthermal systems. Instruction is also given in the general principles of sampling andanalysis, statistical presentation and manipulation of data. The primary focus will bethe physics of biomolecule...

  • QUEUE II Winter School

    Kursy Online
    • M. Czachor
    • J. Szostak
    • J. Borucka
    • M. Bobrowski

    QUEUE = QUantum and molEcUlEsIt's a school organized for all those young scientists and students who wish to learn on the basics and advances in quantum ideas and methodologies and its practical applications for living problems in chemistry, electrochemistry and material sciences. The students will learn on how to perform the quantum-chemical computations, because we have planned a big block of laboratories, aside from lectures,...

  • QUEUE I Summer School

    Kursy Online
    • M. Czachor
    • A. Bartłomiejczyk
    • J. Szostak
    • J. Borucka
    • M. Hoppe
    • M. Bobrowski

    QUEUE = QUantum and molEcUlEsIt's a school organized for all those young scientists and students who wish to learn on the basics and advances in quantum ideas and methodologies and its practical applications for living problems in chemistry, electrochemistry and material sciences. The students will learn on how to perform the quantum-chemical computations, because we have planned a big block of laboratories, aside from lectures,...

  • QUEUE III Summer School

    Kursy Online
    • M. Czachor
    • I. Kuzborska
    • J. Szostak
    • J. Borucka
    • M. Bobrowski
    • B. Mielewska

    QUEUE = QUantum and molEcUlEsIt's a school organized for all those young scientists and students who wish to learn on the basics and advances in quantum ideas and methodologies and its practical applications for living problems in chemistry, electrochemistry and material sciences. The students will learn on how to perform the quantum-chemical computations, because we have planned a big block of laboratories, aside from lectures,...

  • Inter Applied Chemistry Programme 1 Morrison Forensic

    Kursy Online
    • A. Głowacz-Różyńska
    • M. Tobiszewski
    • C. Jungnickel
    • P. Filipkowski

    Inter Applied Chemistry Programme 1 Lecture 1 background reading Read the following : Chapter 1 Introduction to Forensic Science ( From Jackson, Jackson, Mountain and Brealey, Forensic Science, Pearson 4th Ed (2016)) Very general professional guidance/Introduction United Nations can be found within these guides, (these are mainly for reference purposes) https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/Crime_scene_awareness__Ebook.pdf https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/cjat_eng/Forensic_services_and_infrastructure.pdf Task...

  • Process Engineering in Circular Economy

    Kursy Online
    • J. Mąkinia

    Kurs jest przeznaczony dla doktorantów szkoły doktorskiej w dyscyplnach: inżynieria lądowa i transport (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne   The course is addressed to PhD students of the doctoral school in disciplines: civil engineering and transport environmental engineering, mining and power engineering Course type: lecture Total hours of...

  • Theory of Achitectural Design II 2021/2022

    Kursy Online
    • J. Krenz

    Prowadzący: dr hab. inż. arch. Jacek Krenz, prof. PG Architecture influenced by Art The aim of the set of lectures is to teach the method of creating an architectural form in a style that reflects a given topic drawn in the form of an ideogram. Creating architecture in this way makes it possible to endow the architectural form with meanings so that it becomes an important element of the existential space. An important feature...

  • [ILiT, IŚGiE] Process engineering in circular economy - Nowy

    Kursy Online
    • J. Mąkinia

    Kurs jest przeznaczony dla doktorantów szkoły doktorskiej w dyscyplnach: inżynieria lądowa i transport (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne The course is addressed to PhD students of the doctoral school in disciplines: civil engineering and transport environmental engineering, mining and power engineering Course type: lecture Total hours of...

  • [ILiT, IŚGiE] Process engineering in circular economy 20/21 Summer

    Kursy Online
    • J. Mąkinia

    Kurs jest przeznaczony dla doktorantów szkoły doktorskiej w dyscyplnach: inżynieria lądowa i transport (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka (SzD), III stopnia, stacjonarne The course is addressed to PhD students of the doctoral school in disciplines: civil engineering and transport environmental engineering, mining and power engineering Course type: lecture Total hours of...

  • Theory of Achitectural Design II 2020/2021

    Kursy Online
    • J. Krenz

    Prowadzący: dr hab. inż. arch. Jacek Krenz, prof. PG Architecture influenced by Art The aim of the set of lectures is to teach the method of creating an architectural form in a style that reflects a given topic drawn in the form of an ideogram. Creating architecture in this way makes it possible to endow the architectural form with meanings so that it becomes an important element of the existential space. An important feature...

  • Magnetism from fundamentals to spintronics 22/23

    Kursy Online
    • L. Piotrowski

    1. Basic magnetic quantities2. Magnetism of atoms and molecules, atoms in external magnetic fields3. Solid state magnetism, types of magnetic materials (dia-, para-, and ferromagnetism)4. Ferromagnetism and domain structures5. Magnetism of small particles, single domain particles (StonerWohlfarth model), thin films6. Experimental techniques of magnetic properties and magnetisation state determination. Domain structurevisualisation...

  • 2022-2023 - Strenght of materials towards applications, PG_00053661

    Kursy Online
    • M. K. Gerigk

    The course is mainly dedicated to the DAPE Students.  From the theoretical point of view the course consists of the following problems to be discussed during the lectures and exercises: -fundamentals of strength of materials -basic structures and environment -loads on structures -strength of materials: tension, stress, analysis of stress and strain, bending moments and shearing forces, longitudinal and shearing stress in beams,...

  • Strenght of materials towards applications , PG_00053661

    Kursy Online
    • M. K. Gerigk

    The course is dedicated to the DAPE WIMiO Students.  From the theoretical point of view the course consists of the following problems to be discussed during the lectures: -fundamentals of strength of materials -basic structures and environment -loads on structures -strength of materials: tension, stress, analysis of stress and strain, bending moments and shearing forces, longitudinal and shearing stress in beams, bending stress...

  • Advanced Mechanics of Marine Structures I, MSc, Summer 2022-2023, [L,T], PG_00051723

    Kursy Online
    • B. Rozmarynowski

    1.  Literature overview,  definition of marine and offshore structures, ocean engineering technologies and mechanical aspects, structural systems applied, jack-up drilling platforms and structural elements. 2. Tensor algebra fundamentals,  stress and small strain states of a solid, constitutive relations. 3. SDOF and MDOF dynamic systems, damping and added masses in offshore vibrations,  generalised eigenvalue problem, forced vibrations...

  • System Diagnostics - project

    Kursy Online
    • M. Domżalski

    As part of the course, students prepare practical solutions to problems in the field of modern systems diagnostics. Studies: Automatic Control, Cybernetics and RoboticsLevel: IILecturer: dr inż. Mariusz Domżalski Time: Tuesday, 11:15AM Language: English

  • [IMa] Electrical methods of materials and structures characterization

    Kursy Online
    • P. Jasiński
    • B. Kamecki
    • M. Gawęda

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: inżynieria materiałowa Zajęcia fakultatywne dla doktorantów I i II roku Prowadzący: prof. dr hab. inż. Piotr Jasiński Liczba godzin: 15 Forma zajęć: wykład/seminarium {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: materials engineering Facultative course for 1st and 2nd year PhD students Academic teachers: prof. dr hab. inż. Piotr Jasiński Total hours of training: 15 teaching hours Course type: lecture/seminar {mlang}

  • [IMa] Electrical methods of materials and structures characterization 2024

    Kursy Online
    • P. Jasiński

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: inżynieria materiałowa Zajęcia fakultatywne dla doktorantów I i II roku Prowadzący: prof. dr hab. inż. Piotr Jasiński Liczba godzin: 15 Forma zajęć: wykład/seminarium {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: materials engineering Facultative course for 1st and 2nd year PhD students Academic teachers: prof. dr hab. inż. Piotr Jasiński Total hours of training: 15 teaching hours Course type: lecture/seminar {mlang}

  • ELECTIVE PROJECT II Waterfront Pavilion – Story for the Shipyard

    Kursy Online
    • K. Życzkowska

      The topic of the course – Waterfront Pavilion – Story for the Shipyard, is describing the task for architectural space located in the post-industrial area of the Shipyard in Gdansk.. The goal of the task is to design the space oriented on the goals of the Sustainable Development and the problems related to the Climate Changes. The idea is to use green and blue solutions, to think about energy and recycled materials, to be close...

  • [ZiJ, EiF] Philosophy, research methodology, elements of logic

    Kursy Online
    • A. Karalus

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości; ekonomia i finanse Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I roku Prowadzący:  dr Mateusz Bonecki Liczba godzin: 30 Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: management and quality; economics and finance Obligatory course for 1st-year PhD students Academic teacher: dr Mateusz Bonecki Total hours of training: 30 teaching hours Course type: lecture {mlang}

  • Theory of Architectural Design I. Introduction 2022

    Kursy Online
    • J. Krenz

    Lectures are held online on Wednesdays from 19:15 to 20:00 Theory of Architectural Design I 1 https://teams.microsoft.com/l/meetup-join/19%3ameeting_YWVkZWJiZWUtYzY2Yy00NzNiLThlMzctNWY3Y2U2YjgxODc4%40thread.v2/0?context=%7b%22Tid%22%3a%2286760356-0022-486f-b793-a2d470bba5a5%22%2c%22Oid%22%3a%22ca4e7f4e-c85d-4f86-914f-456ee1702ebe%22%7d Our course aims to teach you how to design architecture. The process of...

  • Management and economic of engineer projects

    Kursy Online
    • A. Ossowska

    Lectures  - 05 October-30 November, 2023 1. Project management: Engineers, projects, management, planning and scheduling, personnel and organizational, team building, project control, estimating and ordering. 2. Team building: personality types, team effectiveness. 3. Project management: WBS, Gantt, Earned Value Method, critical path, risk management. 4. Economic Engineering: Establishing economic equivalence, Interest: cost...

  • STRENGTH of MATERIALS TOWARDS APPLICATIONS (2024)

    Kursy Online
    • M. K. Gerigk

    The SMTA DATE Course consists of the following problems to be discussed during the lectures: - Introduction to strength of materials towards applications - Fundamentals of modelling in strength of materials towards applications - Materials and basic structures - Fundamentals of modelling in strength of materials towards applications - Definition of environment and loads - General, energy-based and advanced methods for analysis...

  • Self-healing and shape memory polymers

    Kursy Online
    • J. Haponiuk

    The course "Self-Healing and Shape Memory Polymers" is a specialized elective designed for Chemical Engineering PhD students. This advanced course delves into the innovative realms of self-healing materials and shape memory polymers (SMPs), representing a significant breakthrough in material science and engineering. Throughout the course, students learn about the problems of failure of polymeric materials and explore the fundamental...

  • Geometria wykreślna I, 2022/23

    Kursy Online
    • J. M. Kowalewska
    • M. Malewczyk
    • B. A. Chomicka
    • D. Cyparski
    • A. Wancław

    {mlang pl}Kurs „Geometria wykreślna I” łączy w sobie elementy kształcenia tradycyjnego z e-nauczaniem. Przeznaczony jest dla studentów kierunku Architektura, sem. 1, studia inżynierskie I stopnia. Tematyka dotyczy graficznej prezentacji obiektów 3D na płaszczyźnie, ich restytucji na podstawie rzutów oraz rozwiązywania prostych problemów przestrzennych. Treść nauczania obejmuje założenia metody rzutów prostokątnych na dwie rzutnie...

  • [IMa] Materials technologies - 2023/24

    Kursy Online
    • T. Klimczuk
    • P. Jasiński
    • N. A. Wójcik
    • J. Haponiuk
    • R. Bogdanowicz
    • L. Namysł
    • R. Jankowski
    • J. Ryl
    • J. Karczewski
    • M. Gazda... i 2 innych

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: inżynieria materiałowa Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I roku Prowadzący:   prof. dr hab. inż. Maria Gazda, prof. dr hab. inż. Józef Haponiuk, dr hab. inż. Sebastian Molin, dr hab. inż. Jacek Ryl,  dr hab. inż. Robert Bogdanowicz Liczba godzin: 15 Forma zajęć: wykład/seminarium {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: materials engineering Obligatory course for 1st year PhD students Academic teachers:   prof....

  • Measurements in civil engineering, transport, environmental engineering, mining and power engineering 22/23

    Kursy Online
    • P. Zima

    The course is primarily open to all PhD students at Gdansk University of Technology. This course is compulsory for PhD students assigned to Civil Engineering and Transport as well as Environmental Engineering, Mining and Power Engineering tracks at Doctoral School of GUT. This course allows the PhD students to obtain the knowledge related to the experimental equipment and types of experiments carried out at GUT in the field of...

  • Measurements in civil engineering, transport, environmental engineering, mining and power engineering 23/24

    Kursy Online
    • P. Zima

    The course is primarily open to all PhD students at Gdansk University of Technology. This course is compulsory for PhD students assigned to Civil Engineering and Transport as well as Environmental Engineering, Mining and Power Engineering tracks at Doctoral School of GUT. This course allows the PhD students to obtain the knowledge related to the experimental equipment and types of experiments carried out at GUT in the field of...

  • [soft skills] Commercialization of scientific outcomes

    Kursy Online
    • A. Krawczyk-Kłos
    • D. Kuźniewski
    • R. Jankowski
    • A. Klej

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: wszystkie dyscypliny Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów II roku Prowadzący:  Damian Kuźniewski, Agnieszka Krawczyk-Kłos, Centrum Transferu Wiedzy i Technologii na PG Liczba godzin: 5 Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: all disciplinesObligatory course for the 2nd-year PhD students Academic teacher: Damian Kuźniewski, Agnieszka Krawczyk-Kłos, Centre for Knowledge and Technology Transfer...

  • [IMe] Advanced numerical methods in mechanics

    Kursy Online
    • K. Tesch
    • R. Jankowski
    • A. Żak

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: inżynieria mechaniczna Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów I i II roku Prowadzący:  dr hab. inż. Krzysztof Tesch, prof. PG, dr hab. inż. Arkadiusz Żak, prof. PG Liczba godzin: 45 Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: mechanical engineering Obligatory course for 1st and 2nd-year PhD students Academic teachers: dr hab. inż. Krzysztof Tesch, prof. PG, dr hab. inż. Arkadiusz Żak, prof....

  • Forest management

    Kursy Online
    • S. Klisz

    The last ice age ended in Scandinavia about 15 000 years ago. The land was gradually occupied by present tree species. Human settlement followed the vegetation. The first forest uses were hunting and gathering. Animal husbandry and forest grazing came later. Shifting cultivation was a wide spread form of agriculture, especially in Sweden and Finland. Wood was first used for domestic purposes and for construction, In the 18th century,...

  • Projektowanie Aplikacji Internetowych 2022/23

    Kursy Online
    • J. Kuchta

    {mlang en}Web Application Design covers the software design phase, which falls between the analysis of the problem domain and the implementation of the program in the code. It shows the rules and guidelines for application design in general, with particular emphasis on web application design problems. Teaches systematic design in aspects of system architecture, application logic, user interface and data structure. Emphasizes the...

  • Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics EE Msc sem. I r.a. 22/23

    Kursy Online
    • P. Zima
    • A. M. Mustafa

    Basic definitions. Physical properties of liquids. Forces acting on fluids. Hydrostatics - basic equations. Pressure on a flat and curved wall. Buoyancy. Archimedes' law. Balance of submerged bodies. The balance of floating bodies. Hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamic quantities. Continuity equation for the liquid stream. Bernoulli equation. Basic laws of hydrodynamics. Equation of mass behavior, preservation of the amount of motion, Bernoulli's...

  • Projektowanie Aplikacji Internetowych 2023/24

    Kursy Online
    • J. Kuchta

    {mlang en}Web Application Design covers the software design phase, which falls between the analysis of the problem domain and the implementation of the program in the code. It shows the rules and guidelines for application design in general, with particular emphasis on web application design problems. Teaches systematic design in aspects of system architecture, application logic, user interface and data structure. Emphasizes the...

  • Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics EE Msc sem. I r.a. 23/24

    Kursy Online
    • P. Zima

    Basic definitions. Physical properties of liquids. Forces acting on fluids. Hydrostatics - basic equations. Pressure on a flat and curved wall. Buoyancy. Archimedes' law. Balance of submerged bodies. The balance of floating bodies. Hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamic quantities. Continuity equation for the liquid stream. Bernoulli equation. Basic laws of hydrodynamics. Equation of mass behavior, preservation of the amount of motion, Bernoulli's...

  • Mathematical and numerical modelling,W,IDE-EMSS,IIst,sem.01,lato,2023/24 (PG_00057379)

    Kursy Online
    • K. J. Kaliński

    Modelling of controlled mechanical systems by the mixed method of rigid and flexible finite elements: The finite element volume problems. Dynamics of multibody systems. Modelling of stationary closed loop systems. Modelling of systems whose configuration changes with time. Modelling of nonlinear controlled systems. Optimal control at energy performance index: Control of continuous nonstationary systems in domain of generalised...

  • Mathematical and Numerical Modelling, L, IDE IInd, sem.01, summer, 2022/23(00057379)

    Kursy Online
    • K. J. Kaliński

    Modelling of controlled mechanical systems by the mixed method of rigid and flexible finite elements: The finite element volume problems. Dynamics of multibody systems. Modelling of stationary closed loop systems. Modelling of systems whose configuration changes with time. Modelling of nonlinear controlled systems. Optimal control at energy performance index: Control of continuous nonstationary systems in domain of generalised...

  • Elective Seminar: Loft - Before and Nowadays - Creative Contest for Architects and Designers

    Kursy Online
    • K. Zielińska-Dąbkowska
    • M. Gawdzik
    • A. Zdanowicz

      As part of the elective seminar, students working in groups of 3 people will prepare architectural and lighting concept for an international competition: "LOFT-BEFORE AND NOWADAYS" organized by the Polish Lighting Industry Association), co-organized by Goczołowie Architekci OVO Grąbczewscy Architects and the SOMA Agency, the organizer of the International LIGHT Fair. More information here about the competition here: https://lightfair.pl/green-shoots-competition/ The...

  • [AEiE] Selected topics of electrical engineering - models of electrical machines

    Kursy Online
    • A. Wilk
    • R. Jankowski
    • Z. Krzemiński

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: automatyka, elektronika i elektrotechnika Zajęcia fakultatywne dla doktorantów II roku Prowadzący:  dr hab. inż. Andrzej Wilk, prof. PG, prof. dr hab. inż. Zbigniew Krzemiński Liczba godzin: 15 Forma zajęć: wykład {mlang} {mlang en} Discipline: control, electronic and electrical engineering Facultative course for 2nd-year PhD students Academic teachers: dr hab. inż. Andrzej Wilk, prof. PG, prof....

  • [soft skills] Didactic methods in the modern teaching process

    Kursy Online
    • R. Jankowski
    • J. Mytnik
    • A. Klej

    {mlang pl} Dyscyplina: wszystkie dyscypliny Zajęcia obowiązkowe dla doktorantów II roku Prowadzący:  dr hab. Joanna Mytnik, prof. PG, mgr Alina Guzik, Centrum Nowoczesnej Edukacji Liczba godzin: 15 Forma zajęć: wykład Kurs realizowany w zakładce Centrum Nowoczesnej Edukacji: https://enauczanie.pg.edu.pl/moodle/course/view.php?id=10875 Na kurs należy zapisać się samodzielnie: https://enauczanie.pg.edu.pl/moodle/enrol/index.php?id=10875 Hasło...

  • Elective seminar: Designing Urban Lighting for the Built Environment – from Theory to Practice

    Kursy Online
    • K. Zielińska-Dąbkowska
    • A. Zdanowicz

    Goal of the course:    Understanding the basic design issues related to illumination of the exterior spaces in the built environment  Course content / class schedule:   1.Student will learn the difference between Functional versus Decorative lighting in exterior spaces 2. Student will learn how artificial lighting can shape the appearance of an urban space 3. Student will learn necessary tools (luminaires, light sources,...

  • Urban Project IV. Summer semester - ERASMUS

    Kursy Online
    • Ł. Pancewicz

    Course Urban Project IV (AI_MK_28/1) SHAPING A NEW DISTRICT – WHITE RIVER (POL. BIAŁA RZEKA) IN THE CITY OF RUMIA The subject of the exercises is to design the spatial layout of the new district in the area of ​​the so-called Small Tricity. The task of the group will be to develop initial design guidelines - layout and character of buildings, primar building parameters, service program. The planned construction of the new SKM...

  • Physical Chemistry_GTM_20_21_winter

    Kursy Online
    • A. Kloskowski
    • Ł. Nierzwicki
    • M. Śmiechowski
    • W. Chrzanowski
    • Ł. Marcinkowski

    The aim of the subject is to familarize the student with fundamental physico-chemical laws in chemical thermodynamics, phase equilibria and chemical equilibria together with ability of solving relevant text problems involving calculations, as well as teachnig him/her effective and safe carrying out simple experiments/measurements of physico-chemical quantities and proper presentation and interpretation of their results. LECTURES Chemical...

  • Techniki plastyczne i prezentacyjne 2023

    Kursy Online
    • J. Krenz

    Celem zajęć jest zapoznanie studentów z różnorodnymi technikami plastycznymi stosowanymi do prezentacji opracowań studyjnych i projektów w różnych fazach. Zajęcia odbywają się w trybie stacjonarnym w Sali 365 we wtorki Grupa I. od 11:15 do 13:00 Grupa II. od 13:15 do 15:00 Pracujemy na formacie poziomym A4 papieru rysunkowego o grub. minimum 160g. Prace graficzne umieszczamy przy prawej krawędzi. Margines wokół arkusza 1cm,...