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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: EU 3+

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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: EU 3+

  • Luminescence properties of TeOx-Eu gels

    Dane Badawcze
    open access - seria: TeO2-based materials

    The DataSet contains the emission and excitation spectra of TeOx-Eu gels. The material was obtained by the sol-gel method.  The starting solution was prepared by mixing telluric acid (precursor) with thetraetylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Next, the 5% mol of europium ions were added, the nitrates were used as a source of rare-earth ions. The sol...

  • Luminescence properties of TeOx-Eu thin films

    Dane Badawcze
    open access - seria: TeO2-based materials

    The DataSet contains the emission and excitation spectra of TeOx-Eu thin films. The material was obtained by the sol-gel method.  The starting solution was prepared by mixing telluric acid (precursor) with thetraetylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Next, the 5% mol of europium ions were added, the nitrates were used as a source of rare-earth ions. The...

  • Luminescence properties of TeOx-Eu thin films annealing under an oxidizing atmosphere

    Dane Badawcze
    open access - seria: TeO2-based materials

    The DataSet contains the emission and excitation spectra of TeOx-Eu thin films. The material was obtained by the sol-gel method.  The starting solution was prepared by mixing telluric acid (precursor) with thetraetylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Next, the 5% mol of europium ions were added, the nitrates were used as a source of rare-earth ions. The...

  • Relation of expenditure on Research and Development to GDP in EU countries (2009-2012)

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    The presented dataset shows that most countries increased their R&D spending - 16 of those 26 members of the European Union for which Eurostat has complete data did so. This also translated into the average ratio for the entire Community, in 2012 it amounted to 2.06% of GDP compared to 2.01% in 2009. The most severely limited their expenses were...

  • Investigation of the uniformity of TeO2:Eu layer

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    TeO2 doped by Eu thin films manufactured by magnetron sputtering method were measured by XPS method.  Te-Eu mosaic target with diameter of 50.8 mm was sputtered for about 45 min in argon-oxygen atmosphere what resulted in 300 nm film thickness deposition. The pressure in the deposition chamber was below 0.2 Pa and substrate was heated  at 200 oC during...

  • Luminescence of TeO2:Eu thin films

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    Tellurium dioxide doped by europium thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering method and simultaneously heated at 200 oC. Presence of Eu ions and their valence states was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements. The structure of the films as well as the influence of europium dopant on crystalline structure of the films was...

  • The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    Enterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. The following dataset contains the number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019.

  • The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    Enterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...

  • de mininis state aid for entrepreneurs in EU law

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    This dataset will provide basic information on the legislation regarding the de minimis state aid under EU law, and some literature explaining the nature and effects of the de minimis state aid for entrepreneurs in some EU Member States in the budgetary period 2014-2020. As this kind of state aid admissible under the GBER, the individual decisions of...

  • state aid for steel sector in the EU

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    The dataset encompassed a choice of most important UE and Polish legal acts, a list of selected Polish and foreign bibliography and a list of important individual decisions issued on the topic of state aid for steel industry in the UE.  The significance of this topic is undoubted, as the steel industry is one of the most important UE production branches....

  • State aid for airports and airlines in the EU

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    The dataset encompassed a choice of important legal acts, a list of selected Polish and foreign bibliography and a list of important individual decisions of the EC  issued on the topic of state aid forairlines and (regional) airports in EC Member states in the period 2004-2019. Thanks to that the reader gets the possibility do acquire basic knowledge...

  • The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    The majority (99.8%) of companies in the EU countries are micro, small and medium-sized enterprises - see chart. The situation is similar in Poland, but the structure of the SME sector is slightly different from that observed in the EU. In Poland, the share of micro-enterprises in the total number of enterprises is higher than in the EU countries (95.5%...

  • The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    Enterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...

  • Top personal income tax rates (PIT) in EU countries (in%).

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    When analyzing the historical PIT rates, it should be noted that in 2000 the average rate was almost 45%. The highest income tax (approx. 60%) was imposed in Belgium, Denmark, as well as in the Netherlands and France. On the other hand, the lowest (25%) rates were recorded in Estonia and Latvia, which were not yet members of the European Union. In the...

  • Structure of the SME sector by economy sectors in Poland and the EU-28

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    Eurostat data show that almost 75% of SMEs in Poland are trade and services, and every seventh enterprise conducts activities related to construction, and every eight - in industry. Comparing the industry structure of Polish companies with the structure of enterprises operating in EU countries, it should be noted that we are characterized by a greater...

  • EU state aid for fisheries and aquaculture in the perspective 2014-2020

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

     The dataset encompassed a choice of the most important legal acts, a list of selected Polish bibliography, and some examples of decisions issued by the EC on the topic of state aid for fisheries and aquaculture in Poland and in Germany. The data constitute a description of the basic state aid instruments used in practice in the period 2014-2020 for...

  • EU state aid - compatible with the internal market for social reasons

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    The dataset encompasses a choice of Polish and foreign bibliography, together with a list of important individual EC decisions issued in the period 2007-2013 on state aid delivered to final consumers for social reasons ( in Poland and in selected UE member states),  in form of different financial instruments. Thanks to this compilation the reader is...

  • Upper corporate income tax rates CIT in EU countries (in%).

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    In 2000, CIT rates were quite varied; in Ireland and Lithuania it was 24%, and in Germany it was nearly 52%. For all EU countries, the average CIT rate was at the level of 32%, but in the following years the rate decreased to reach the level of around 22.5%. The largest reductions in the CIT rate were introduced by Bulgaria and Germany. Particularly...

  • Tax support mechanisms for research and development projects in EU countries

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    One of the important areas requiring special support from the state are activities in pro-innovative investments. Tax incentives allocated to research and development are used by practically all European Union countries. Their aim is to persuade entities conducting business activity to invest in the so-called new technologies - defined as the area of...

  • EU state aid within the Rural Development Program 2014-2020

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    This dataset is a combination of EU and Polish legislation on the state aid in the agriculture sector, selected literature and few exemples of European Commission decisions on projects initiated in some EC Member States during the budgetary period 2014-2020. Careful reading of the materials will allow to review some effects of the state aid granted...