Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: QUANTUM EFFICIENCY

• Automatic Regularization by Quantization in Reducible Representations of CCR: Point-Form Quantum Optics with Classical Sources

  Publikacja

  • M. Czachor
  • K. Wrzask

  - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS - Rok 2009

  Electromagnetic fields are quantized in a manifestly covariant way by means ofa class of reducible "center-of-mass N-representations" of the algebra of canonical commutationrelations (CCR). The four-potential Aa(x) transforms in these representations as aHermitian four-vector field in Minkowski four-position space (without change of gauge), butin momentum space it splits into spin-1 massless photons and two massless scalars. Whatwe...

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• Nanoparticles preparation using microemulsion systems

  Publikacja

  • A. Zielińska-Jurek
  • J. Reszczyńska
  • E. Grabowska
  • A. Zaleska-Medynska

  - Rok 2011

  Metallic nanoparticles become of current interests because they exhibit unique properties compared with those of metal atoms or bulk metal due to the quantum size effect and their large surface area, which make them attractive for applications in optics, electronics, catalysis biology and medicine. TiO2 has been used for environmental remediation purposes such as in the purification of water and air and also solar-to chemical energy...