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Search results for: GAS-STEAM CYCLES
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Optimization of steam cycles with respect to supercritical parameters
PublicationArtykuł zawiera analizę budowanych aktualnie bloków nadkrytycznych stosowanych na świecie. W pracy przeprowadzono analizę obiegów z pojedynczym oraz podwójnym przegrzewem międzystopniowym dodatkowo z regeneracyjnym podgrzewem wody zasilającej odpowiednio z sześcioma, siedmioma, ośmioma, dziewięcioma oraz dziesięcioma wymiennikami regeneracyjnymi. Obliczenia wykonywano dla różnych wartości temperatur i ciśnienia pary świeżej, różnych...
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Technical and economical analysis of combined cycles of gas turbine -steam turbine on pipeline compressor stations. Part II - Economic analysis
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono zagadnienie nadbudowy zespołów turbosprężarkowych, znajdujących się na tłoczni gazu ziemnego, odzyskowymi blokami parowymi. W analizie tego przedsięwzięcia wzięto pod uwagę kilka wariantów konfiguracji układu parowego oraz kilka wariantów uwzględniających zmienność obciążenia turbin gazowych napędzających kompresory. Dla układu parowego dobrano wszystkie podstawowe parametry, a następnie wykonano obliczenia...
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Technical and economical analysis of combined cycles of gas turbine - steam turbine on pipeline compressor stations. Part I - Technical analysis
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono zagadnienie nadbudowy zespołów turbosprężarkowych, znajdujących się na tłoczni gazu ziemnego, odzyskowymi blokami parowymi. W analizie tego przedsięwzięcia wzięto pod uwagę kilka wariantów konfiguracji układu parowego oraz kilka wariantów uwzględniających zmienność obciążenia turbin gazowych napędzających kompresory. Dla układu parowego dobrano wszystkie podstawowe parametry, a następnie wykonano obliczenia...
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Technical and economical analysis of combined cycles of gas turbine - steam turbine on pipeline compressor stations. Part II - Economic analysis
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono zagadnienie nadbudowy zespołów turbosprężarkowych, znajdujących się na tłoczni gazu ziemnego, odzyskowymi blokami parowymi. W analizie tego przedsięwzięcia wzięto pod uwagę kilka wariantów konfiguracji układu parowego oraz kilka wariantów uwzględniających zmienność obciążenia turbin gazowych napędzających kompresory. Dla układu parowego dobrano wszystkie podstawowe parametry, a następnie wykonano obliczenia...
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On Accuracy Modeling of Gas Turbine Cycles by the In-house COM-GAS Code
PublicationIn this paper, a comparison of accuracy modeling of gas turbine cycles between the basic (classical) model and the in-house COM-GAS code has been presented. The basic model uses a semi-perfect gas and well known projecting assumption. On the other hand, the computational flow mechanics (CFM) basis on a real gas by using thermodynamic tables. The thermodynamic analysis of thermal cycles, simply gas cycle GT8C and gas turbine cycle...
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Gas-steam mixture wood drying
PublicationBadania skuteczności suszenia wysokotemperaturowego suszenia drewna w komorze suszarniczej - wstępne wyniki.
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Design Analysis of Micro Gas Turbines in Closed Cycles
PublicationThe problems faced by designers of micro-turbines are connected with a very small volume flow rate of working media which leads to small blades’ height and high rotor speed. In the case of gas turbines this limitation can be overcome by the application of a closed cycle with very low pressure at the compressor inlet (lower than atmospheric pressure). In this way we may apply a micro gas turbine unit of accepted efficiency to work...
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Application of gas-steam mixture for wood drying purposes
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki suszenia drewna przy zastosowaniu mieszaniny parowo-gazowej. Badania dotyczyły suszenia drewna dębowego, sosnowego i świerkowego. We wszystkich eksperymentach skrócono czas suszenia w porównaniu z suszeniem konwencjonalnym.
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Possibilities of Increasing the Overall Efficiency of Gas-steam CHP Microplant
PublicationThe paper presents ways to increase the efficiency of a gas-steam micro power plant by modifying the cycle combination. The modification consists in partial release of the fluid downstream of the gas turbine and using it for ORC fluid overheating and evaporation. Advantages of this solution over the simplest gas and steam cycles’ combination are demonstrated.
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Technical and Economic Analysis of the Supercritical Combined Gas-Steam Cycle
PublicationCombined cycle power plants are characterized by high efficiency, now exceeding 60%. The record-breaking power plant listed in the Guinness Book of World Records is the Nishi-Nagoya power plant commissioned in March 2018, located in Japan, and reaching the gross efficiency of 63.08%. Research and development centers, energy companies, and scientific institutions are taking various actions to increase this efficiency. Both the gas...
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OPTIMIZATION OF THE LAST STAGE OF GAS-STEAM TURBINE USING A HYBRID METHOD
PublicationThis paper relates to the CFD calculation of a new turbine type which is in the phase of theoretical analysis, because the working fluid is a mixture of steam and gas generated in wet combustion chamber. At first, this article concentrates on a possibility of streamlining the flow efficiency of a last stage of axial turbine working on gas-steam mixture using a hybrid of the particle swarm optimization algorithm with the Nelder-Mead...
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On design and analysis of flow characteristics of the last stage of gas-steam turbine
PublicationResearch regarding blade design and analysis of flow have been conducted for over a century. Meanwhile new concepts and design approaches were created and improved. Advancements in information technologies allowed to introduce computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational flow mechanics (CFM). Currently a combination of mentioned methods is used for design of turbine blades. These methods enabled us to improve flow efficiency...
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Power augmentation of PGE Gorzow's gas turbine by steam injection - thermodynamic overview
PublicationThe impact of steam injection upon a gas turbine and a combined power plant performance has been investigated. This article describes and summarizes possibilities of modification for current gas turbine in PGE Gorzow power plant into the Cheng cycle. Our modification deals with a thermal cycle, in which steam produced in a heat recovery steam generator is injected into the gas turbine's combustion chamber. It has been proved that...
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On energy, exergy, and environmental aspects of a combined gas-steam cycle for heat and power generation undergoing a process of retrofitting by steam injection
PublicationThe paper presents a study of retrofitting of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant aimed to increase the electric to heating power ratio. The modification would involve diverting part of the steam to the gas turbine, instead of letting it go to the steam turbine, using injection technique into a combustion chamber. Therefore, two potential retrofitting approaches are analyzed: steam injection gas turbine (STIGT) and combined steam...
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Comparing combined gas tubrine/steam turbine and marine low speed piston engine/steam turbine systems in naval applications
PublicationPorównano układy napędowe okrętowe kombinowane turbina gazowa- turbina parowa oraz spalinowy okrętowy silnik tłokowy wolnoobrotowy - turbina parowa. Porównywano moce oraz zużycie paliwa oraz parametry pary świeżej układu turbiny parowej.
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Influence of Different Biofuels on the Efficiency of Gas Turbine Cycles for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Power Plants
PublicationThe efficiency of a gas turbine can be affected by the use of different biofuels usually with a relatively Lower Heating Value (LHV). The paper evaluates the impact of calorific value of fuel on turbine performance and analyzes the possibilities of optimizing turbine construction from the point of view of maximum efficiency for a particular fuel. The several variants of design of small power microturbines dedicated to various biofuels...
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On the possible increasing of efficiency of ship power plant with the system combined of marine diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine in case of main engine cooperation with the gas turbine fed in parallel and the steam turbine
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono koncepcję układu kombinowanego okrętowego dużej mocy złożonego z wiodącego silnika głównego spalinowego silnika tłokowego i skojarzonych z nim turbiny gazowej mocy i układu turbiny parowej, wykorzystujących energię zawartą w spalinach wylotowych głównego silnika spalinowego. Rozpatrzono wariant układu kombinowanego, w którym główny jest silnik tłokowy skojarzony z turbiną gazową mocy i układem turbiny parowej,...
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On the possible increasing of efficiency of ship power plant with the system combined of marine diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine in case of main engine cooperation with the gas turbine fed in series and the steam turbine
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono koncepcję układu kombinowanego okrętowego dużej mocy złożonego z wiodącego silnika głównego silnika spalinowego tłokowego oraz skojarzonych z nim turbiny gazowej mocy i układu turbiny parowej, wykorzystujących energię zawartą w spalinach wylotowych silnika spalinowego. Rozpatrywano wariant układu kombinowanego, którym turbina mocy jest zasilana szeregowo spalinami wylotowymi. Podano algorytm i obliczenia...
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Design and computational fluid dynamics analysis of the last stage of innovative gas-steam turbine
PublicationResearch regarding blade design and analysis of flow has been attracting interest for over a century. Meanwhile new concepts and design approaches were created and improved. Advancements in information technologies allowed to introduce computational fluid dynamics and computational flow mechanics. Currently a combination of mentioned methods is used for the design of turbine blades. These methods enabled us to improve flow efficiency...
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High temperature air/steam gasification of biomass in view of hydrogen rich gas production.
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia opis nowej i zaawansowanej metody konwersji termochemicznej biomasy i miejskich odpadów stałych w paliwo gazowe, bogate w wodór. W porównaniu z tradycyjnym procesem gazyfikacji, w metodzie tej wykorzystuje się powietrze/parę wodną przegrzane do wysokiej temperatury (powyżej 1300 st. C). Przegrzanie powietrza lub pary wodnej odbywa się z zastosowaniem ceramicznego przegrzewacza wysokotemperaturowego. W celu...
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Hydrogen rich gas production from high temperature air/steam gasification of biomass
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono nowoczesną technikę konwersji biomasy oraz stałych odpadów komunalnych w celu produkcji paliwa gazowego bogatego w wodór. Opisany proces gazyfikacji przebiega w wysokiej temperaturze przy obniżonej koncentracji tlenu i udziale pary wodnej. Dzięki temu możliwa jest produkcja gazów palnych, w szczególności H2, który można wykorzystać do produkcji energii elektrycznej i cieplnej.
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PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMBINED GAS-STEAM TURBINE UNIT OF A HYBRID CYCLE FOR THE FPSO VESSEL
PublicationA thermal diagram of the combined gas‒steam turbine unit of a hybrid cycle, which is an energy complex consisting of a base gas turbine engine with a steam turbine heat recovery circuit and a steam-injected gas turbine operating with overexpansion, is proposed. A mathematical model of a power plant has been developed, taking into consideration the features of thermodynamic processes of simple, binary, and steam-injected...
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Revalorisation of the Szewalski’s concept of the law of varying the last-stage blade retraction in a gas-steam turbine
PublicationThe article presents the implementations of the free vortex law to the blade of the last stage of a gas-steam turbine. First, a thermodynamic analysis was carried out, determining the parameters at the inlet, then the number of stages of the high and low-pressure part of the turbine was constructed, together with the kinematics and velocity vectors for subsequent stages of the axial turbine. The last step of article was to take...
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High Temperature Air/Steam Conversion of Biomass and Wastes Into Fuel Gas for Heat and Electricity Production
PublicationPaper present principle of high temperature air/staem gasification as well as some results of research using this technology for conversion of biomass and wastes into fuel gas.
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On the possible increasing of efficiency of ship power plant with the system combined of marine diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine at the main engine - steam turbine mode of cooperation
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono koncepcję układu kombinowanego okrętowego dużej mocy złożonego z silnika głównego tłokowego oraz skojarzonych z nim turbiny gazowej mocy i układu turbiny parowej, wykorzystujących energię zawartą w spalinach wylotowych silnika głównego tłokowego. Rozpatrywano układ kombinowany układ złożony z silnika spalinowego tłokowego skojarzony z układem turbiny parowej. Podano algorytm i obliczenia poszczególnych podukładów:...
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Investigation of ecological parameters of a gas turbine combustion chamber with steam injection for the floating production, storage, and offloading vessel
PublicationThe article is dedicated to the investigation of the possibility of using the contact type gas turbine cycle with steam injection into the combustion chamber for the floating production, storage, and offloading vessel in order to increase the specific power and efficiency and reduce emissions of toxic components. A new approach is proposed, associated with the use of the two-stage injection of superheated steam into a gas turbine...
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Modelling of high temperature air/steam gasification of biomassand solid wastes in view of hydrogen-rich gas production
PublicationPrzedstawiono zaawansowane technologie produkcji gazu bogatego w wodór z biomasy i odpadów komunalnych. Przeprowadzono badania eksperymentalne na stanowisku pomiarowym wykonanym w skali półprzemysłowej. Otrzymano obiecujące rezultaty podczas zgazowania palet drewnianych gazem o różnej zawartości pary wodnej.
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Specificity of automatic control of micro-turbines (steam or gas -driven and expanders) in dispersed generation system of heat and electric power
PublicationThis paper presents specific problems of automatic control of steam micro-turbines and expanders intended for the dispersed, combined generating of heat and electric power. The investigations concern ensurance of certainty of energy supply and its required quality.
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CO2 capture using steam ejector condenser under electro hydrodynamic actuator with non-condensable gas and cyclone separator: A numerical study
PublicationThe concept for condensation of steam and CO2 separation in a negative CO2 emission gas power plant involves the utilization of a steam ejector condenser (SEC) for direct-contact condensation of vapor with inert gas (CO2) on a spray of subcooled liquid, integrated with a separator to produce pure CO2. Due to the increasing diffusion resistance and reduced convective heat transfer between the steam and subcooled water phases...
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Possible efficiency increasing of ship propulsion and marine power plant with the system combined of marine diesel engine, gas turbine and steam turbine
PublicationW rozdziale przedstawiono koncepcję układu kombinowanego okrętowego lub morskiej pływającej elektrowni dużej mocy złożonego z silnika głównego tłokowego oraz skojarzonych z nim turbiny gazowej mocy i układu turbiny parowej, wykorzystujących energię zawartą w spalinach wylotowych silnika głównego tłokowego. Rozpatrywano możliwości zastosowania takich układów w układach okrętowych z punktu widzenia sprawnościowego. Podano możliwości...
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An impact of ambient parameters change on steam and gas turboset control. The International Conference on ''Turbines of Large Output'' devoted to 100th Anniversary of prof. Robert Szewalski Birthday.
PublicationPorównano wpływ zmian parametrów otoczenia (ciśnienia i temperatury) na charakterystyki turbiny parowej i gazowej. Na tej podstawie zbadano wpływ tych parametrów na charakterystyki układu kombinowanego parowo-gazowego. Przedstawiono, w związku z tym, koncepcję kompensatora wpływu zmian parametrów otoczenia na charakterystyki układu kombinowanego parowo-gazowego.
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Comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of selected nuclear ship power plants with high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear reactor
PublicationThis paper presents a comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of two ship power plant systems with a high-temperature helium- cooled nuclear reactor. The first of them is a gas system with recuperator , in which classical gas chamber is substituted for a HTGR reactor (High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) . The second of the considered cycles is a combined gas-steam system where working medium flux from gas turbine outlet...
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Organic Supercritical Thermodynamic Cycles with Isothermal Turbine
PublicationOrganic Rankine cycles (ORC) are quite popular, but the overall efficiencies of these plants are rather very low. Numerous studies have been conducted in many scientific centers and research centers to improve the efficiency of such cycles. The research concerns both the modification of the cycle and the increase in the parameters of the medium at the inlet to the turbine. However, the efficiency of even these modified cycles rarely...
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HIERARCHICAL CYCLES IN MODERN POWER SYSTEMS – EXERGY ANALYSIS UNDER PART LOADS
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to investigate thermodynamic efficiency of advanced hierarchic power cyclesunder partial loads by using of exergy analyze. Advanced hierarchical power systems arecomposed of few energy conversion cycles, most common are steam and gas cycles in various configurations, but they may contain fuel cells, ORC, lithium bromide absorption chillers and others. Moreover hierarchical cycles can be powered by several...
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Subcritical Thermodynamic Cycles with Organic Medium and Isothermal Expansion
PublicationThe efffciencies of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) are not very high and only very seldom do they exceed 20%. The increase and optimization of initial parameters and certain modifications of the thermodynamic cycle make it possible to overcome these drawbacks. A new modified cycle has been described and analyzed in detail in the paper. Similarly to the Ericsson cycle for gas turbines, isothermal expansion in the turbine is suggested...
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Comparative study of a bottoming SRC and ORC for Joule–Brayton cycle cooling modular HTR exergy losses, fluid-flow machinery main dimensions, and partial loads
PublicationEnergy conversion efficiency increase in power plants with high-temperature gas-cooled reactors via implementation of the bottoming cycle was investigated under nominal and minimal thermal load of a high-temperature reactor (HTR). Heat transfer surface area and turbine outlet volumetric flow rate in bottoming cycles was also investigated. Water and two low-boiling point working fluids (ammonia and ethanol) were analyzed. Analyzed...
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Comparison analysis of selected nuclear power plants supplied with helium from high-temperature gas-cooled reactor
PublicationThe article presents results of efficiency calculations for two 560 MW nuclear cycles with high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). An assumption was made that systems of this type can be used in so-called marine nuclear power plants. The first analysed system is the nuclear steam power plant. For the steam cycle, the efficiency calculations were performed with the code DIAGAR, which is dedicated for analysing this type of systems....
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A study of a compact high-efficiency zero-emission power plant with oxy-fuel combustion
PublicationThis paper discusses the application of global trends in gas cycles technology using oxy-fuel combustion. This is followed by a demonstration of a design solution for a new cycle with two enhanced energy-converting devices, namely a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. The proposed gas and steam cycle unit is contained within a single turbine, whose benefits combine those offered by gas turbines (high inlet temperatures)...
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Thermodynamic Cycle Concepts for High-Efficiency Power Plans. Part A: Public Power Plants 60+
PublicationAn analysis was carried out for different thermodynamic cycles of power plants with air turbines. Variants with regeneration and different cogeneration systems were considered. In the paper, we propose a new modification of a gas turbine cycle with the combustion chamber at the turbine outlet. A special air by-pass system of the combustor was applied and, in this way, the efficiency of the turbine cycle was increased by a few points....
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Thermodynamic Analysis of Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant Using Aspen Plus, Aspen Hysys, and Ebsilon Software
PublicationAbstract: The article presents results of thermodynamic analysis using a zero-dimensional mathematical models of a negative CO2 emission power plant. The developed cycle of a negative CO2 emission power plant allows the production of electricity using gasified sewage sludge as a main fuel. The negative emission can be achieved by the use this type of fuel which is already a “zeroemissive” energy source. Together with carbon capture...
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Enhancement of the Brayton cycle efficiency by water or steam utilization
PublicationIn the paper, thermodynamic analysis of two modifications of a Brayton cycle into enhancement cycles with water/steam injection are discussed. The first one deals with a STIG modified system with both interstage compressed air cooling and air heating (heat regeneration) before combustion chamber. The second one, mainly devoted to higher steam/air ratio, is connected with separate steam production in a HRSG. The analysis has been...
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ENHANCED MASTER CYCLE - SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT OF STEAM RANKINE CYCLE
PublicationThe present paper focuses on an enhancement of the Master Cycle. In the first part, the paper presents a classical Master Cycle which is a modification of the double reheat Rankine cycle. This modification allows to slightly increase efficiency, resolves problems caused by superheated steam on bleeds and decreases mass flow rate of steam directed to reheat. These improvements include the implementation of a tuning turbine from...
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Advanced Turbine Cycles with Organic Media
PublicationOrganic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants have become very popular and have found their applications in systems with renewable sources of energy. So far their overall efficiencies are not very impressive and only for the upper temperature of about 300 °C do they exceed 20%. A drawback of these cycles is the limitation of the cycle upper temperature due to the heat exchanger technology and the materials used. However, it is possible...
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Logistical Aspects of Energy Conversion Efficiency in Marine Steam Power Plants in Off-Design Conditions
PublicationThe paper presents logistical aspects of energy conversion efficiency in off-design conditions. The main part of the article is based on results of thermodynamic calculation for large propulsion steam turbine under partial loads. Calculations are made on extended mathematical model of two proposed steam turbine thermodynamic cycles using Stodola’s cone law. The conclusion based on calculation re-sults contains importance of off-design...
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Analysis of possible application of high-temperature nuclear reactors to contemporary large-output steam power plants on ships
PublicationThis paper is aimed at analysis of possible application of helium to cooling high-temperature nuclear reactor to be used for generating steam in contemporary ship steam-turbine power plants of a large output with taking into account in particular variable operational parameters. In the first part of the paper types of contemporary ship power plants are presented. Features of today applied PWR reactors and proposed HTR reactors...
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High-temperature heat pumps – new devices for heat recovery and production of technological steam
PublicationIn the paper, the original high temperature compressor based heat pump with a dry working fluid, i.e. the one in which the slope of saturated vapour line is positive, was presented. The objective of the paper is to investigate the possibility of preparation of technological steam with tempperature 120 C from the waste heat resource at temperature of 50 C. Single comppression cycles as well as cascade systems have been considered...
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Combined Heat & Power Generating Systems
PublicationSteam cycles in combined heat and power plants. Efficiency of combined heat and power systems. Characteristics of steam-turbine CHP plants. Choice of equipment in CHP generating systems. Economic effects of combined heat and power production. Costs and energy produced CHP generating systems. Future development trends in CHP generating systems.
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Utilisation of waste heat from the power plant by use of the ORC aided with bleed steam and extra source of heat
PublicationUtilization of waste heat recovered from the exhaust gases of the power generation unit by means of ORC (organic Rankine cycles) installation is considered. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water having temperature of 90 stC in the amount of 200 MWt. To increase evaporation temperaturę of ORC working fluid the heat of steam from the extraction points from the low-pressure part of steam turbine is used....
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Exergy Losses in the Szewalski Binary Vapor Cycle
PublicationIn this publication, we present an energy and exergy analysis of the Szewalski binary vapor cycle based on a model of a supercritical steam power plant. We used energy analysis to conduct a preliminary optimization of the cycle. Exergy loss analysis was employed to perform a comparison of heat-transfer processes, which are essential for hierarchical cycles. The Szewalski binary vapor cycle consists of a steam cycle bottomed with...
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Looking for a minimum exergy destruction in hierarchical cycle
PublicationThe paper presents results of energy analysis, complemented with an exergy balance, of hierarchical thermodynamic cycle. Proposed cycle is a binary vapour cycle based on a model of real supercritical steam power plant. Energy analysis is used to preliminary optimization of the cycle and the exergy losses analysis is proposed to perform optimization of heat transfer processes, which are essential for hierarchical cycles. Proposed...