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No Evidence for Sex-specificity in Vitamin C, E and Fatty Acid Content of Human Milk from Healthy Polish Mothers
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is a complex fluid that meets the nutritional needs of infants. Its composition idrfs associated with environmental, maternal, and foetal variables. It provides nutrients and bioactive substances, including cytokines, immunoglobulins, and constituents with antioxidative properties. Boys are reportedly more susceptible to oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the relationship between infant sex and the antioxidants vitamins C and E, and the fatty acid (FA) profile of HM. Results of this investigation may infer sex differences for the composition of infant formulas. Thirty days after delivery, a sample of HM was collected from 152 healthy, non-smoking mothers of full-term new-borns (77 males) born in good clinical condition. After FAs were extracted from the fat component, they were converted into methyl esters and separated using high-performance gas chromatography. Tocopherol content was determined using a method described in a previous study. Vitamin C content was determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, as described in the same study. The study groups (male versus female offspring) did not differ in terms of vitamin and FA content in HM. The only difference found was in gondoic acid 20:1 (n-9), with a higher concentration in the HM of mothers with female offspring (mean 0.63 ± 0.18 versus 0.59 ± 0.15 g/100 g FA; p < 0.047). Despite the acknowledged differences in the composition of HM associated with infant sex and the increased oxidative stress in males, antioxidant content did not appear to differ according to infant sex. These results suggest that there is no need for the antioxidant content of infant formulas to be sex specific.
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Authors (6)
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Maciej Zagierski
- Klinika Pediatrii, Gastroenterologii Dziecięcej, Alergologii i Żywienia, Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny
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Anna Krukowska mgr inż.
- Klinika Pediatrii, Copernicus, Gdańsk
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Karolina Kawska
- Klinika Neonatologii, Copernikus, Gdańsk
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Katarzyna Sznurkowska
- Klinika Pediatrii, Gastroenterologii Dziecięcej, Alergologii i Żywienia, Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny
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Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz
- Klinika Pediatrii, Gastroenterologii Dziecięcej, Alergologii i Żywienia, Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny
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Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
-
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
no. 73,
pages e20 - e25,
ISSN: 0277-2116 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Bibliographic description:
- Zagierski M., Krukowska A., Kawska K., Martysiak-Żurowska D., Sznurkowska K., Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A.: No Evidence for Sex-specificity in Vitamin C, E and Fatty Acid Content of Human Milk from Healthy Polish Mothers// JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION -Vol. 73,iss. 1 (2021), s.e20-e25
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003136
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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