Rok 2022

• Sensors and System for Vehicle Navigation

  Publikacja

  • A. Stateczny
  • W. Kazimierski
  • P. Burdziakowski (dawniej: P. Burdziakowski)

  - SENSORS - Rok 2022

  In recent years, vehicle navigation, in particular autonomous navigation, has been at the center of several major developments, both in civilian and defense applications. New technologies, such as multisensory data fusion, big data processing, or deep learning, are changing the quality of areas of applications, improving the sensors and systems used. Recently, the influence of artificial intelligence on sensor data processing and...

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• Simple Millimeter Wave Identification System Based on 60 GHz Van Atta Arrays

  Publikacja

  • K. Trzebiatowski
  • M. Rzymowski
  • Ł. Kulas
  • K. Nyka

  - SENSORS - Rok 2022

  The paper presents a proof-of-concept of a millimeter-wave identification system based on Van Atta array tags in the 60 GHz band. For interrogation of the tags, a vector network analyzer and a measurement transceiver were employed in alternative test configurations. The design, fabrication and measurements of co- and cross-polarized Van Atta arrays are presented in the paper. They can be treated as simple chipless RFID tags with...

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• The Concept of Using the Decision-Robustness Function in Integrated Navigation Systems

  Publikacja

  • K. Czaplewski
  • B. Czaplewski

  - SENSORS - Rok 2022

  The diversity and non-uniformity of the positioning systems available in maritime navigation systems often impede the watchkeeping officer in the selection of the appropriate positioning system, in particular, in restricted basins. Thus, it is necessary to introduce a mathematical apparatus to suggest, in an automated manner, which of the available systems should be used at the given moment of a sea trip. Proper selection of the...

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• Wireless Local Area Network Technologies as Communication Solutions for Unmanned Surface Vehicles

  Publikacja

  • A. Stateczny
  • K. Gierłowski
  • M. Hoeft (dawniej: M. Hoeft)

  - SENSORS - Rok 2022

  As the number of research activities and practical deployments of unmanned vehicles has shown a rapid growth, topics related to their communication with operator and external infrastructure became of high importance. As a result a trend of employing IP communication for this purpose is emerging and can be expected to bring significant advantages. However, its employment can be expected to be most effective using broadband communication...

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Rok 2021

• A Method for Underwater Wireless Data Transmission in a Hydroacoustic Channel under NLOS Conditions

  Publikacja

  • J. Mizeraczyk
  • R. Studanski,
  • A. Zak
  • A. Czapiewska

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Wireless data transmission in the hydroacoustic channel under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation conditions, for example, during a wreck penetration, is difficult to implement reliably. This is mostly due to the multipath propagation, which causes a reduction in the quality of data reception. Therefore, in this work an attempt has been made to develop a reliable method of wireless underwater communication test it under the NLOS...

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• A New Adaptive Method for the Extraction of Steel Design Structures from an Integrated Point Cloud

  Publikacja

  • P. Burdziakowski
  • A. Zakrzewska

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  The continuous and intensive development of measurement technologies for reality modelling with appropriate data processing algorithms is currently being observed. The most popular methods include remote sensing techniques based on reflected-light digital cameras, and on active methods in which the device emits a beam. This research paper presents the process of data integration from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and image data...

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• A Simple Neural Network for Collision Detection of Collaborative Robots

  Publikacja

  • M. Czubenko
  • Z. Kowalczuk

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Due to the epidemic threat, more and more companies decide to automate their production lines. Given the lack of adequate security or space, in most cases, such companies cannot use classic production robots. The solution to this problem is the use of collaborative robots (cobots). However, the required equipment (force sensors) or alternative methods of detecting a threat to humans are usually quite expensive. The article presents...

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• Acoustic Detector of Road Vehicles Based on Sound Intensity

  Publikacja

  • G. Szwoch
  • J. Kotus

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  A method of detecting and counting road vehicles using an acoustic sensor placed by the road is presented. The sensor measures sound intensity in two directions: parallel and perpendicular to the road. The sound intensity analysis performs acoustic event detection. A normalized position of the sound source is tracked and used to determine if the detected event is related to a moving vehicle and to establish the direction of movement....

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• Acoustic Sensing Analytics Applied to Speech in Reverberation Conditions

  Publikacja

  • P. Odya
  • J. Kotus
  • A. Kurowski
  • B. Kostek

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  The paper aims to discuss a case study of sensing analytics and technology in acoustics when applied to reverberation conditions. Reverberation is one of the issues that makes speech in indoor spaces challenging to understand. This problem is particularly critical in large spaces with few absorbing or diffusing surfaces. One of the natural remedies to improve speech intelligibility in such conditions may be achieved through speaking...

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• Analysis of GNSS, Hydroacoustic and Optoelectronic Data Integration Methods Used in Hydrography

  Publikacja

  • O. Lewicka
  • M. Specht
  • A. Stateczny
  • C. Specht
  • D. Brčić
  • A. Jugović
  • S. Widźgowski
  • M. Wiśniewska

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  The integration of geospatial data in hydrography, performed using different measurement systems, involves combining several study results to provide a comprehensive analysis. Each of the hydroacoustic and optoelectronic systems is characterised by a different spatial reference system and the method for technical implementation of the measurement. Therefore, the integration of hydrographic data requires that problems in selected...

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• Application of Chemical Sensors and Olfactometry Method in Ecological Audits of Degraded Areas

  Publikacja

  • A. Kulig
  • M. Szyłak-Szydłowski
  • M. Wiśniewska

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

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• Automatic Identification System (AIS) Dynamic Data Integrity Monitoring and Trajectory Tracking Based on the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Process Model

  Publikacja

  • K. Jaskólski
  • Ł. Marchel
  • A. Felski
  • M. Jaskólski
  • M. Specht

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  To enhance the safety of marine navigation, one needs to consider the involvement of the automatic identification system (AIS), an existing system designed for ship-to-ship and shipto- shore communication. Previous research on the quality of AIS parameters revealed problems that the system experiences with sensor data exchange. In coastal areas, littoral AIS does not meet the expectations of operational continuity and system availability,...

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• BPM Support for Patient-Centred Clinical Pathways in Chronic Diseases

  Publikacja

  • M. Szelągowski
  • J. Berniak-Woźny
  • C. Lipiński

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

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• Calibration-Free Single-Anchor Indoor Localization Using an ESPAR Antenna

  Publikacja

  • M. Groth
  • K. Nyka
  • Ł. Kulas

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  In this paper, we present a novel, low-cost approach to indoor localization that is capable of performing localization processes in real indoor environments and does not require calibration or recalibration procedures. To this end, we propose a single-anchor architecture and design based on an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna and Nordic Semiconductor nRF52840 utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)...

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• Can the AHCL System Be Used in T1D Patients with Borderline TDDI? A Case Report

  Publikacja

  • A. Tekielak
  • S. Seget
  • E. Rusak
  • P. Jarosz-Chobot

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

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• Channel State Estimation in LTE-Based Heterogenous Networks Using Deep Learning

  Publikacja

  • K. Cwalina
  • P. Rajchowski
  • A. Olejniczak
  • O. Błaszkiewicz
  • R. Burczyk

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Following the continuous development of the information technology, the concept of dense urban networks has evolved as well. The powerful tools, like machine learning, break new ground in smart network and interface design. In this paper the concept of using deep learning for estimating the radio channel parameters of the LTE (Long Term Evolution) radio interface is presented. It was proved that the deep learning approach provides...

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• Chemosensitive Thin Films Active to Ammonia Vapours

  Publikacja

  • A. Brochocka
  • A. Nowak
  • H. Zajączkowska
  • M. Sieradzka

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

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• Collision‐Aware Routing Using Multi‐Objective Seagull Optimization Algorithm for WSN‐Based IoT

  Publikacja

  • P. Jagannathan
  • S. Gurumoorthy
  • A. Stateczny
  • P. B. Divakarachar
  • J. Sengupta

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  In recent trends, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become popular because of their cost, simple structure, reliability, and developments in the communication field. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of everyday objects and sharing of information through the Internet. Congestion in networks leads to transmission delays and packet loss and causes wastage of time and energy on recovery. The routing protocols...

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• Computational Methods for Liver Vessel Segmentation in Medical Imaging: A Review

  Publikacja

  • M. Ciecholewski
  • M. Kassjański

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  The segmentation of liver blood vessels is of major importance as it is essential for formulating diagnoses, planning and delivering treatments, as well as evaluating the results of clinical procedures. Different imaging techniques are available for application in clinical practice, so the segmentation methods should take into account the characteristics of the imaging technique. Based on the literature, this review paper presents...

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• CyberEye: New Eye-Tracking Interfaces for Assessment and Modulation of Cognitive Functions beyond the Brain

  Publikacja

  • M. Lech
  • A. Czyżewski
  • M. T. Kucewicz (dawniej: M. Kucewicz)

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  The emergence of innovative neurotechnologies in global brain projects has accelerated research and clinical applications of BCIs beyond sensory and motor functions. Both invasive and noninvasive sensors are developed to interface with cognitive functions engaged in thinking, communication, or remembering. The detection of eye movements by a camera offers a particularly attractive external sensor for computer interfaces to monitor,...

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• Development of Gas Sensor Array for Methane Reforming Process Monitoring

  Publikacja

  • D. Dobrzyniewski
  • B. Szulczyński
  • T. Dymerski
  • J. Gębicki

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  The article presents a new method of monitoring and assessing the course of the dry methane reforming process with the use of a gas sensor array. Nine commercially available TGS chemical gas sensors were used to construct the array (seven metal oxide sensors and two electrochemical ones). Principal Component Regression (PCR) was used as a calibration method. The developed PCR models were used to determine the quantitative parameters...

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• Dipodal Tetraamide Derivatives of 1,10-Diaza-18-Crown-6 and Alkylmalonic Acids—Synthesis and Use as Ionophores in Ion Selective Membrane Electrodes

  Publikacja

  • R. Pomećko
  • E. Luboch
  • M. Jeszke

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Novel dipodal derivatives of an 18-membered diaza-crown ether with two diamide chains featuring methylmalonic or butylmalonic acid residues were obtained and tested as ionophores in ion-selective plasticized membrane electrodes. The objective of the study was to identify measurement conditions which ensure the most favorable performance for magnesium ion-selective electrodes. The relationship between the molar lipophilic anion...

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• Ensuring the QoE-Related Fairness to Reduce the User Abandonment Ratio

  Publikacja

  • I. Szczypior (dawniej: I. Mazur)
  • J. Rak
  • K. Nowicki

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  These days, it is quite a challenge for app owners to keep users engaged with an app. Currently, the level of user abandonment is one of the key parameters that application owners are interested in. To meet these challenges, we are conducting an extended study of a previously proposed solution that significantly reduces the abandonment rate of a given application. The investigated solution is based on the methods of fairness using...

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• Estimation of Average Speed of Road Vehicles by Sound Intensity Analysis

  Publikacja

  • J. Kotus
  • G. Szwoch

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Constant monitoring of road traffic is important part of modern smart city systems. The proposed method estimates average speed of road vehicles in the observation period, using a passive acoustic vector sensor. Speed estimation based on sound intensity analysis is a novel approach to the described problem. Sound intensity in two orthogonal axes is measured with a sensor placed alongside the road. Position of the apparent sound...

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• Eventual Convergence of the Reputation-Based Algorithm in IoT Sensor Networks

  Publikacja

  • J. Lebiedź
  • P. Cofta
  • C. Orłowski

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Uncertainty in dense heterogeneous IoT sensor networks can be decreased by applying reputation-inspired algorithms, such as the EWMA (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) algorithm, which is widely used in social networks. Despite its popularity, the eventual convergence of this algorithm for the purpose of IoT networks has not been widely studied, and results of simulations are often taken in lieu of the more rigorous proof....

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• Examination of Spectral Properties of Medicinal Plant Leaves Grown in Different Lighting Conditions Based on Mint Cultivation

  Publikacja

  • M. Feldzensztajn
  • P. Wierzba
  • A. Mazikowski

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Cultivation in controlled environmental conditions can provide good quality medicinal herbs with consistent properties. A sensing system that can determine the contents of medicinal substances in plants using spectral characteristics of leaves would be a valuable tool. Viability of such sensing approach for mint had to be confirmed experimentally, as no data correlating contents of medicinal substances with spectral characteristics...

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• Face with Mask Detection in Thermal Images Using Deep Neural Networks

  Publikacja

  • N. Kowalczyk (dawniej: N. Głowacka)
  • J. Rumiński

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  As the interest in facial detection grows, especially during a pandemic, solutions are sought that will be effective and bring more benefits. This is the case with the use of thermal imaging, which is resistant to environmental factors and makes it possible, for example, to determine the temperature based on the detected face, which brings new perspectives and opportunities to use such an approach for health control purposes. The...

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• Fluoroindate Glass Co-Doped with Yb3+/Ho3+ as a 2.85 μm Luminescent Source for MID-IR Sensing

  Publikacja

  • M. Kochanowicz
  • J. Zmojda
  • A. Baranowska
  • M. Kuwik
  • B. Starzyk
  • M. Lesniak
  • P. Miluski
  • W. Pisarski
  • J. Pisarska
  • J. Dorosz... i 2 innych

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

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• Graph Representation Integrating Signals for Emotion Recognition and Analysis

  Publikacja

  • T. Zawadzka
  • T. Wierciński
  • G. Meller
  • M. Rock
  • R. Zwierzycki
  • M. Wróbel

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Data reusability is an important feature of current research, just in every field of science. Modern research in Affective Computing, often rely on datasets containing experiments-originated data such as biosignals, video clips, or images. Moreover, conducting experiments with a vast number of participants to build datasets for Affective Computing research is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is extremely important to...

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• Keystroke Dynamics Patterns While Writing Positive and Negative Opinions

  Publikacja

  • A. Kołakowska
  • A. Landowska

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  This paper deals with analysis of behavioural patterns in human–computer interaction. In the study, keystroke dynamics were analysed while participants were writing positive and negative opinions. A semi-experiment with 50 participants was performed. The participants were asked to recall the most negative and positive learning experiences (subject and teacher) and write an opinion about it. Keystroke dynamics were captured and...

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• Low-Cost Unattended Design of Miniaturized 4 × 4 Butler Matrices with Nonstandard Phase Differences

  Publikacja

  • A. Bekasiewicz
  • S. Kozieł

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Design of Butler matrices dedicated to Internet of Things and 5th generation (5G) mobile systems—where small size and high performance are of primary concern—is a challenging task that often exceeds capabilities of conventional techniques. Lack of appropriate, unified design approaches is a serious bottleneck for the development of Butler structures for contemporary applications. In this work, a low-cost bottom-up procedure for...

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• Luminescence Sensing Method for Degradation Analysis of Bioactive Glass Fibers

  Publikacja

  • A. Baranowska
  • M. Kochanowicz
  • A. Wajda
  • M. Leśniak
  • J. Żmojda
  • P. Miluski
  • I. Zgłobicka
  • K. Kurzydłowski
  • D. Dorosz

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

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• Machine Learning for Sensorless Temperature Estimation of a BLDC Motor

  Publikacja

  • D. Czerwinski
  • J. Gęca
  • K. Kolano

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

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• Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises

  Publikacja

  • V. Puig-Pons
  • E. Soliveres
  • I. Pérez-Arjona
  • V. Espinosa
  • P. Poveda-Martínez
  • J. Ramis-Soriano
  • P. Ordoñez-Cebrián
  • M. Moszyński
  • F. de la Gándara
  • M. Bou-Cabo... i 2 innych

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Underwater noise has been identified as a relevant pollution affecting marine ecosystems in different ways. Despite the numerous studies performed over the last few decades regarding the adverse effect of underwater noise on marine life, a lack of knowledge and methodological procedures still exists, and results are often tentative or qualitative. A monitoring methodology for the behavioral response of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)...

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• Multicast Traffic Throughput Maximization through Joint Dynamic Modulation and Coding Schemes Assignment, and Transmission Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks

  Publikacja

  • B. Ostrowski
  • M. Pióro
  • A. Tomaszewski

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

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• Optical-Fiber Microsphere-Based Temperature Sensors with ZnO ALD Coating—Comparative Study

  Publikacja

  • P. Listewnik
  • M. Bechelany
  • P. Wierzba
  • M. Szczerska

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  This study presents the microsphere-based fiber-optic sensor with the ZnO Atomic Layer Deposition coating thickness of 100 nm and 200 nm for temperature measurements. Metrological properties of the sensor were investigated over the temperature range from 100 °C to 300 °C, with a 10 °C step. The interferometric signal was used to monitor the integrity of the microsphere and its attachment to the connecting fiber. For the sensor...

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• Risk Analysis by a Probabilistic Model of the Measurement Process

  Publikacja

  • W. Toczek
  • J. Smulko

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  The aim of the article is presentation of the testing methodology and results of examination the probabilistic model of the measurement process. The case study concerns the determination of the risk of an incorrect decision in the assessment of the compliance of products by measurement. Measurand is characterized by the generalized Rayleigh distribution. The model of the meas-urement process was tested in parallel mode by six risk...

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• Sensors and Sensor’s Fusion in Autonomous Vehicles

  Publikacja

  • A. Stateczny
  • M. Wlodarczyk-Sielicka
  • P. Burdziakowski

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Autonomous vehicle navigation has been at the center of several major developments, both in civilian and defense applications. New technologies such as multisensory data fusion, big data processing, and deep learning are changing the quality of areas of applications, improving the sensors and systems used. New ideas such as 3D radar, 3D sonar, LiDAR, and others are based on autonomous vehicle revolutionary development. The Special...

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• Software-Defined NB-IoT Uplink Framework - The Design, Implementation and Use Cases

  Publikacja

  • A. Olejniczak
  • O. Błaszkiewicz
  • K. Cwalina
  • P. Rajchowski
  • J. Sadowski

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  In the radiocommunication area, we may observe a rapid growth of new technology, such as 5G. Moreover, all the newly introduced radio interfaces, e.g., narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), are strongly dependent on the software. Hence, the radiocommunication software development and optimization, as well as the 3GPP technical specification, should be introduced at the academic level of education. In this paper, a software-defined...

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• Study of the Performance of DSSS UAC System Depending on the System Bandwidth and the Spreading Sequence

  Publikacja

  • I. Kochańska
  • R. Salamon
  • J. Schmidt
  • A. Schmidt

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  A signal transmitted in an Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) system operating in a shallow-water channel suffers from strong time dispersion due to multipath propagation. This causes the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) observed in the received signal, which significantly limits the communication system’s reliability and transmission rate. In such propagation conditions, the Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) method is...

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• The Concept of Accuracy Analysis of the Vertical Displacements Gained from the Hydrostatic Levelling Systems’ Measurements

  Publikacja

  • W. Kamiński

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Abstract: Nowadays, hydrostatic levelling is a widely used method for the vertical displacements’ determinations of objects such as bridges, viaducts, wharfs, tunnels, high buildings, historical buildings, special engineering objects (e.g., synchrotron), sports and entertainment halls. The measurements’ sensors implemented in the hydrostatic levelling systems (HLSs) consist of the reference sensor (RS) and sensors located on the...

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• The influence of the grid density of measurement points on damage detection in an isotropic plate by the use of elastic waves and laser scanning Doppler vibrometry

  Publikacja

  • Ł. Doliński
  • M. Krawczuk
  • M. Palacz
  • W. Waszkowiak
  • A. Żak

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Damage detection in structural components, especially in mechanical engineering, is an 2 important element of engineering practice. There are many methods of damage detection, in which 3 changes in various parameters caused by the presence of damage are analysed. Recently, methods 4 based on the analysis of changes in dynamic parameters of structures, i.e. frequencies or mode shapes 5 of natural vibrations, as well as changes in...

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• The Optical Coherence Tomography and Raman Spectroscopy for Sensing of the Bone Demineralization Process

  Publikacja

  • M. J. Głowacki
  • A. M. Kamińska (dawniej: A. Kamińska)
  • M. Gnyba
  • J. Pluciński
  • M. Strąkowski

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  The presented research was intended to seek new optical methods to investigate the demineralization process of bones. Optical examination of the bone condition could facilitate clinical trials and improve the safety of patients. The authors used a set of complementary methods: polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) and Raman spectroscopy. Chicken bone samples were used in this research. To stimulate in laboratory...

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• The Quality of Life and Satisfaction with Continuous Glucose Monitoring Therapy in Children under 7 Years of Age with T1D Using the rtCGM System Integrated with Insulin Pump—A Caregivers Point of View

  Publikacja

  • E. Rusak
  • N. Ogarek
  • K. Wolicka
  • A. Mrówka
  • S. Seget
  • M. Kuźnik
  • P. Jarosz-Chobot

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

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• Tracking Fluorescent Dye Dispersion from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

  Publikacja

  • P. Burdziakowski
  • P. Zima
  • P. Wielgat
  • D. Kalinowska

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  Commercial unmanned aerial vehicles continue to gain popularity and their use for collecting image data and recording new phenomena is becoming more frequent. This study presents an effective method for measuring the concentration of fluorescent dyes (fluorescein and Rhodamine WT) for the purpose of providing a mathematical dispersion model. Image data obtained using a typical visible-light camera was used to measure the concentration...

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• UAV Photogrammetry under Poor Lighting Conditions—Accuracy Considerations

  Publikacja

  • P. Burdziakowski
  • K. Bobkowska

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  The use of low-level photogrammetry is very broad, and studies in this field are conducted in many aspects. Most research and applications are based on image data acquired during the day, which seems natural and obvious. However, the authors of this paper draw attention to the potential and possible use of UAV photogrammetry during the darker time of the day. The potential of night-time images has not been yet widely recognized,...

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• Vessel Scheduling Optimization Model Based on Variable Speed in a Seaport with One-Way Navigation Channel

  Publikacja

  • D. Liu
  • G. Shi
  • K. Hirayama

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

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• Voice Multilateration System

  Publikacja

  • R. Burczyk
  • K. Cwalina
  • M. Gajewska
  • J. Magiera
  • P. Rajchowski
  • J. Sadowski
  • J. Stefański

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  This paper presents an innovative method of locating airplanes, which uses only voice communication between an air traffic controller and the pilot of an aircraft. The proposed method is described in detail along with its practical implementation in the form of a technology demonstrator (proof of concept), included in the voice communication system (VCS). A complete analysis of the performance of the developed method is presented,...

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• Wood Moisture-Content Measurement Accuracy of Impregnated and Nonimpregnated Wood

  Publikacja

  • J. Barański
  • A. Suchta
  • S. Barańska
  • I. Klement
  • T. Vilkovská
  • P. Vilkovský

  - SENSORS - Rok 2021

  The influence of the impregnation process of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) samples on the electrical resistance changes and the moisture-content measurement accuracy is presented in this paper. In this study, the resistances of impregnated and nonimpregnated green pine timber harvested from northern Poland were compared. An impregnation method based on a vacuum-pressure chamber was used. Copper salts were applied as the impregnated...

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Rok 2020

• A 1-nS 1-V Sub-1-µW Linear CMOS OTA with Rail-to-Rail Input for Hz-Band Sensory Interfaces

  Publikacja

  • J. Jakusz
  • W. Jendernalik
  • G. Blakiewicz
  • M. Kłosowski
  • S. Szczepański

  - SENSORS - Rok 2020

  The paper presents an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with low transconductance (0.62–6.28 nS) and low power consumption (28–270 nW) for the low-frequency analog front-ends in biomedical sensor interfaces. The proposed OTA implements an innovative, highly linear voltage-to-current converter based on the channel-length-modulation effect, which can be rail-to-rail driven. At 1-V supply and 1-Vpp asymmetrical input driving,...

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