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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: EU REGULATION
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Relation of expenditure on Research and Development to GDP in EU countries (2009-2012)
Dane BadawczeThe presented dataset shows that most countries increased their R&D spending - 16 of those 26 members of the European Union for which Eurostat has complete data did so. This also translated into the average ratio for the entire Community, in 2012 it amounted to 2.06% of GDP compared to 2.01% in 2009. The most severely limited their expenses were...
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Individual corporate reputation, perception of collective corporate reputation, stock market investments
Dane BadawczeThere are two ways of conceiving of corporate reputation: individual and collective. Although related, they are not driven by the same factors. Thus, each of them may have a distinct impact on investment decisions. The following dataset includes the data obtained in an incentivized economic experiment based on vignette studies. We induced the perception...
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state aid for steel sector in the EU
Dane BadawczeThe dataset encompassed a choice of most important UE and Polish legal acts, a list of selected Polish and foreign bibliography and a list of important individual decisions issued on the topic of state aid for steel industry in the UE. The significance of this topic is undoubted, as the steel industry is one of the most important UE production branches....
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Luminescence of TeO2:Eu thin films
Dane BadawczeTellurium dioxide doped by europium thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering method and simultaneously heated at 200 oC. Presence of Eu ions and their valence states was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements. The structure of the films as well as the influence of europium dopant on crystalline structure of the films was...
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State aid for airports and airlines in the EU
Dane BadawczeThe dataset encompassed a choice of important legal acts, a list of selected Polish and foreign bibliography and a list of important individual decisions of the EC issued on the topic of state aid forairlines and (regional) airports in EC Member states in the period 2004-2019. Thanks to that the reader gets the possibility do acquire basic knowledge...
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Luminescence properties of TeOx-Eu gels
Dane BadawczeThe DataSet contains the emission and excitation spectra of TeOx-Eu gels. The material was obtained by the sol-gel method. The starting solution was prepared by mixing telluric acid (precursor) with thetraetylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Next, the 5% mol of europium ions were added, the nitrates were used as a source of rare-earth ions. The sol...
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Investigation of the uniformity of TeO2:Eu layer
Dane BadawczeTeO2 doped by Eu thin films manufactured by magnetron sputtering method were measured by XPS method. Te-Eu mosaic target with diameter of 50.8 mm was sputtered for about 45 min in argon-oxygen atmosphere what resulted in 300 nm film thickness deposition. The pressure in the deposition chamber was below 0.2 Pa and substrate was heated at 200 oC during...
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Luminescence properties of TeOx-Eu thin films
Dane BadawczeThe DataSet contains the emission and excitation spectra of TeOx-Eu thin films. The material was obtained by the sol-gel method. The starting solution was prepared by mixing telluric acid (precursor) with thetraetylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Next, the 5% mol of europium ions were added, the nitrates were used as a source of rare-earth ions. The...
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Share of gross value added by factors of production prices generated by the enterprise sector in Poland and in the EU countries in the GDP of individual countries
Dane BadawczeCompanies operating in the EU countries are characterized by a greater contribution to the creation of GDP than Polish enterprises. Discrepancies in shaping the described value also result from a different industry structure of companies. In other EU countries, more companies are involved in services, and in Poland, enterprises conducting commercial...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and selected EU countries in 2012
Dane BadawczeIn 2012, Poland was sixth in the ranking of the number of enterprises in selected European Union countries. In total, 22 million companies conduct business in the countries of the Community. However, when analyzing these values in relative numbers (calculated as the number of enterprises per 1000 inhabitants), Poland ranks only 22nd among the Member...
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de mininis state aid for entrepreneurs in EU law
Dane BadawczeThis dataset will provide basic information on the legislation regarding the de minimis state aid under EU law, and some literature explaining the nature and effects of the de minimis state aid for entrepreneurs in some EU Member States in the budgetary period 2014-2020. As this kind of state aid admissible under the GBER, the individual decisions of...
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The luminescence study ofNaK2Li[Li3SiO4]4:Eu coumpounds.
Dane BadawczeNarrowband green phosphors with high quantum efficiency are required for backlighting white light-emitting diode (WLED) devices. Materials from the A[Li3SiO4]4:Eu2+ family have recently been proposed as having superior properties to industry-standard β-SiAlON green phosphors. Here, we show that a cheap, easily synthesized host NaK2Li[Li3SiO4]4 (NKLLSO)...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
Dane BadawczeEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. The following dataset contains the number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019.
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The fertility rate (TFR) in selected EU countries in 2015
Dane BadawczeThe main reasons for the negative consequences of demographic changes are: natural increase in the life span of the population, decline in fertility and emigration of unusual dimensions.
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The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
Dane BadawczeEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...
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Share of gross value added by factors of production prices generated by the enterprise sector in Poland and in the EU countries in the GDP of individual countries
Dane BadawczeCompanies operating in the EU countries are characterized by a greater contribution to the creation of GDP than Polish enterprises. Discrepancies in shaping the described value also result from a different industry structure of companies. In other EU countries, more companies are involved in services, and in Poland, enterprises conducting commercial...
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Tax support mechanisms for research and development projects in EU countries
Dane BadawczeOne of the important areas requiring special support from the state are activities in pro-innovative investments. Tax incentives allocated to research and development are used by practically all European Union countries. Their aim is to persuade entities conducting business activity to invest in the so-called new technologies - defined as the area of...
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EU state aid for fisheries and aquaculture in the perspective 2014-2020
Dane BadawczeThe dataset encompassed a choice of the most important legal acts, a list of selected Polish bibliography, and some examples of decisions issued by the EC on the topic of state aid for fisheries and aquaculture in Poland and in Germany. The data constitute a description of the basic state aid instruments used in practice in the period 2014-2020 for...
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EU state aid - compatible with the internal market for social reasons
Dane BadawczeThe dataset encompasses a choice of Polish and foreign bibliography, together with a list of important individual EC decisions issued in the period 2007-2013 on state aid delivered to final consumers for social reasons ( in Poland and in selected UE member states), in form of different financial instruments. Thanks to this compilation the reader is...
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Upper corporate income tax rates CIT in EU countries (in%).
Dane BadawczeIn 2000, CIT rates were quite varied; in Ireland and Lithuania it was 24%, and in Germany it was nearly 52%. For all EU countries, the average CIT rate was at the level of 32%, but in the following years the rate decreased to reach the level of around 22.5%. The largest reductions in the CIT rate were introduced by Bulgaria and Germany. Particularly...
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The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
Dane BadawczeThe majority (99.8%) of companies in the EU countries are micro, small and medium-sized enterprises - see chart. The situation is similar in Poland, but the structure of the SME sector is slightly different from that observed in the EU. In Poland, the share of micro-enterprises in the total number of enterprises is higher than in the EU countries (95.5%...
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Top personal income tax rates (PIT) in EU countries (in%).
Dane BadawczeWhen analyzing the historical PIT rates, it should be noted that in 2000 the average rate was almost 45%. The highest income tax (approx. 60%) was imposed in Belgium, Denmark, as well as in the Netherlands and France. On the other hand, the lowest (25%) rates were recorded in Estonia and Latvia, which were not yet members of the European Union. In the...
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Structure of the SME sector by economy sectors in Poland and the EU-28
Dane BadawczeEurostat data show that almost 75% of SMEs in Poland are trade and services, and every seventh enterprise conducts activities related to construction, and every eight - in industry. Comparing the industry structure of Polish companies with the structure of enterprises operating in EU countries, it should be noted that we are characterized by a greater...
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The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
Dane BadawczeEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...
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Number of ATMs per million inhabitants in EU countries (2015 year)
Dane BadawczeAs shown in the data, individual indicators vary greatly in depending on the country. It should be noted that, as a rule, the highest level of banking concerns the countries of Western Europe (Luxembourg, France, Germany, Portugal). There, too, the highest values are recorded, for example for the number of ATMs.
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Number of bank branches per million inhabitants in EU countries 2015
Dane BadawczeAccording to the data presented, over the year (2016-2017), the network of bank branches in Poland decreased by over half a thousand (currently the total number of traditional bank branches, excluding partner branches, amounts to nearly 6 thousand). It is worth noting, however, that the number of bank branches per million inhabitants is the highest...
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Structure and optical measurements of Eu doped tellurium oxide thin films
Dane BadawczeThin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering method and simultaneously heated at 200 oC. Presence of Eu ions and their valence states was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements. The structure of the films as well as the influence of europium dopant on crystalline structure of the films was examined by X-ray diffraction method. ...
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EU state aid within the Rural Development Program 2014-2020
Dane BadawczeThis dataset is a combination of EU and Polish legislation on the state aid in the agriculture sector, selected literature and few exemples of European Commission decisions on projects initiated in some EC Member States during the budgetary period 2014-2020. Careful reading of the materials will allow to review some effects of the state aid granted...
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Summary index of innovations for Poland, Germany and the EU average in 2008-2012
Dane BadawczeIn 2013, PoƖska became one of the so-called "modest innovators".The table illustrates changes in the innovativeness of the countries in question using the SII indicator.
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Percentage of the working age population in selected EU countries in 2006 and 2017
Dane BadawczeThe phenomenon of aging of the society, and thus changes in the structure of the share of population in pre- and post-working age, is typical for all European Union countries. The median age of the population in the European Union countries in 2001-2016 increased from 38.5 years to 43 years. This is the scale of the aging of the population (Median age...
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Percentage of the population over 65 in selected EU countries in 2006 and 2017
Dane BadawczeUntil the mid-1980s, Poland belonged to the group of countries with a high dynamics of population growth, reaching 0.9% annually. The average value of the population growth dynamics in the 1980s was 0.66%. From the beginning of this century, the growth rate has taken negative values and in the years 2000-2014 it amounted to an annual average of -0.03%.
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Possibility of joint settlement with the spouse / partner in individual EU countries (2017)
Dane BadawczeThe method of avoiding tax progression known in Poland, consisting in settling income together with the spouse (and in certain cases also the child), the system of this specific relief is also present in other European Union countries such as: Belgium, Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Spain, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Germany, Portugal, UK...
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The level of VAT in relation to the GDP of selected European Union countries in 2007-2015 (in%)
Dane BadawczeVAT (Value Added Tax) is part of a strictly harmonized tax within the European Union. Under the so-called The Sixth Directive introduced provisions regulating the subject and subject of taxation, tax exemptions and exclusions as well as the tax collection mechanism in all Member States.
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Luminescence properties of TeOx-Eu thin films annealing under an oxidizing atmosphere
Dane BadawczeThe DataSet contains the emission and excitation spectra of TeOx-Eu thin films. The material was obtained by the sol-gel method. The starting solution was prepared by mixing telluric acid (precursor) with thetraetylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Next, the 5% mol of europium ions were added, the nitrates were used as a source of rare-earth ions. The...
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Personal income tax (PIT) from conducting business activity due to income from real estate rental
Dane BadawczeThe following data contains analysis of the tax burden on investments, purchase of real estate and obtaining income from its rental.In the case of earning income from the rental of real estate, in most countries of the EU, the entrepreneur may be subject to taxation of income with personal income tax (PIT) or corporate / corporate income tax (CIT)....
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CIT income tax from legal persons / corporations on account of income from renting real estate
Dane BadawczeThe following data contains analysis of the tax burden on investments, purchase of real estate and obtaining income from its rental.In the case of earning income from the rental of real estate, in most countries of the EU, the entrepreneur may be subject to taxation of income with Personal Income Tax (PIT) or corporate / Corporate Income Tax (CIT)....
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Total Goods: EU Trade flows and balance with Iran, 2005-2015 (in millions of USD).
Dane BadawczeThe following dataset shows the volume of trade of the European Union countries with Iran. One can observe a significant drop in both imports and exports (the year 2012 meant tightening of sanctions, which clearly limited the import of Iranian products to the EU). After lifting the sanctions it is expected to substantially increase the level of trade...
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Total annual EU country support for tax credits and child benefits in EUR (2017)
Dane BadawczeThe inhabitants of Luxembourg can count on the highest support, the smallest - only a dozen or so euros in Bulgaria. Considerable variation also occurs when we consider the help of general support measured in relation to the average salary. In this case, the highest rate is in France (13.7%), and the lowest, similarly to Bulgaria, (only 0.2%).
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Three series of measurement of spring force in relation to deflection of disc springs assembled in X configuration.
Dane BadawczeAttached data consist of three series of conducted measurement of disc springs package characteristic. The characteristic describes relation between spring force and deflection of the package. First column of each serie present axial deflection of the package, while second columns contain recorded spring force. Object of research contained six disc...
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Number of non-cash transactions made with payment cards per capita in EU countries 2015
Dane BadawczeThe following data presents the number of non-cash transactions made with payment cards per capita in EU countries 2015.It is an element of the so-called the banking index, which in the subject literature is defined as the number of people actively using services banking.
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Number of devices accepting electronic payment instruments per million inhabitants in EU countries 2015
Dane BadawczeThis research data presents the number of devices accepting electronic payment instruments per million inhabitants in the EU countries in 2015. It is an element of the so-called the banking index, which in the subject literature is defined as the number of people actively using services banking. It is noted that this coefficient is also an expression...
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Internal legal acts of technical and medical universities in Poland regulating classes conducted in-person during the Covid-19 pandemic
Dane BadawczeA database of legal acts and other internal documents of medical and technical universities in Poland regulating the way of organizing in-person or hybrid classes during the COVID-19 pandemic from the summer semester 2019/2020 to the winter semester 2020/2021.Documents were encoded in two separate coding systems using the MAXQDA program for qualitative...
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Discount for children deducted from tax in selected EU countries, available according to number of children criterion (in EUR) in 2017
Dane BadawczeWhen analyzing the collected data, it should be indicated that the amount of tax preferences addressed to families with children varies widely and ranges from several hundred euro to even several tens of thousands of euro relief annually. The highest family allowances, calculated in absolute terms, are in Germany, and the lowest in Poland. All countries,...
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Tax discount for children deducted from income in selected EU countries, available according to the criterion of the number of children (in EUR) in 2017
Dane BadawczeDespite the far-reaching harmonization of collection mechanisms and the amount of VAT and excise duty rates in the European Union, individual countries, as a rule, conduct individual income tax policies, including a system of reliefs and exemptions. It is worth noting that, as shown below, each European Union country uses at least one method of supporting...
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Data on solutions of Hes1 system
Dane BadawczeHes1 protein (hairy and enhancer of split 1) belongs to the helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription proteins, i.e. DNA-binding proteins in the promoter region or in another region where regulation of transcription processes occurs. The database collects data on solutions of the Hes1 systems with multiple binding sites and the dimer formation...
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Number of foreigners registered for pension and disability insurance by citizenship - at the end of the year
Dane BadawczeThe data from the Central Register of Insureds indicate that the number of individuals who were subject to retirement and disability insurance and who had citizenship other than Polish increased from 65,000 in December 2008 to nearly 570 thousand in December 2018 (table 4 and figure 4). This means a nearly 9-time increase, while the number of foreigners...
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Structure of foreigners registered for retirement and disability pension insurance by citizenship (%) - at the end of the year
Dane BadawczeThe structure of foreigners registered for insurance, divided by citizenship, changed dynamically. The share of foreigners from the EU regularly decreases (from 25.1% in December 2008 to 6.3% in December 2018), while the share of foreigners from outside the EU is steadily growing (from 74.9% in December 2008 to 93.7% in December 2018). The largest changes...
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Distribution of population by tenure status, 2015 (% of population)
Dane BadawczeFactor affecting the attractiveness of property market in terms of investment, especially of housing, is the ratio of the number of dwellings owned by the population .In 2015, more than a quarter (26.9%) of the EU population lived in their own housing with credit or mortgages, while over 42% occupied their own residential units without credit or mortgages....
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The orthogonalization of objects simplified using the Chrobak’s method representing groups of buildings in Kartuzy district - scale 1:10000
Dane BadawczeThe process of automatic generalization is one of the elements of spatial data preparation for the purpose of creating digital cartographic studies. The presented data include a part of the process of generalization of building groups obtained from the national geodesy and cartography resource from BDOT10k (10k topographic database) [1].
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The orthogonalization of objects simplified with the Simplify Building tool representing groups of buildings in Kartuzy district - scale 1:10000
Dane BadawczeThe process of automatic generalization is one of the elements of spatial data preparation for the purpose of creating digital cartographic studies. The presented data include a part of the process of generalization of building groups obtained from the national geodesy and cartography resource from BDOT10k (10k topographic database) [1].