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Open Research Data
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Energy Security of Polish Consumers in 2004-2021
Open Research DataEnergy security is one of the most important components of economic security. It is influenced not only by access to energy sources and the economic situation of the state and the individual consumer. In the years 2004–2021, energy security of the individual consumer in the economic dimension significantly improved. This was due to several factors:1....
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COVID-19 tax response of selected European countries
Open Research DataA large part of the aid mechanisms offered by individual European countries in connection with the outbreak of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic concerned the granting of the so-called tax preferences. It should be noted that a tax preference is any deviation from the adopted tax rules, resulting in a reduction of the final tax burden. The...
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Entrepreneurs' intention to use tax relief
Open Research DataThe dataset presents the results of research conducted by the author among Polish entrepreneurs in 2017–2020. The diagnostic survey method was used to collect primary data among enterprises from the SME sector. The measurement instrument was a survey questionnaire developed by the author. This study is a key piece of research. The aim was to examine...
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Poland’s energy dependence - economic context
Open Research DataPoland does not have vast resources of non-renewable energy and no nuclear power plant, therefore the issue of the energy dependence of the state, which affects the level of energy security of the country, is an extremely important factor. It depends on both the volume of imports of energy raw materials and the policy of diversification of sources of...
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Data accompanying the paper: "Productivity effects of trade in natural resources – comparison with mechanisms of technological specialization" (Zarach and Parteka, The World Economy, 2023)
Open Research DataThe folder contains the data and codes used in the analysis described in the paper: Zarach Z.H., Parteka A. (2023). Productivity effects of trade in natural resources – comparison with mechanisms of technological specialization. The World Economy, 00, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13456
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Technology and democracy: the who and how in decision-making. The cases of Estonia and Catalonia. METADATA
Open Research DataThe analysis of the Estonian data comes mainly from studies conducted to analyse the cost-efficiency of the Estonian online voting model (Krimmer; Duenas-Cid; Krivonosova, 2021), as well as from the contagion effect that ensued in other parts of the Estonian administration after the voting system was developed (Krimmer; Duenas-Cid,2019). In both cases,...
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Technology and democracy: the who and how in decision-making. The cases of Estonia and Catalonia. METADATA 1
Open Research DataThe analysis of the Estonian data comes mainly from studies conducted to analyse the cost-efficiency of the Estonian online voting model (Krimmer; Duenas-Cid; Krivonosova, 2021), as well as from the contagion effect that ensued in other parts of the Estonian administration after the voting system was developed (Krimmer; Duenas-Cid,2019). In both cases,...
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Data accompanying the paper: Zarach and Parteka (2023), Export diversification and dependence on natural resources , Economic Modelling (Elsevier), 126 (2023) 106436.
Open Research DataThe folder contains the data and codes used in the analysis described in the paper: Zarach Z.H., Parteka A. (2023). Export diversification and dependence on natural resources. Economic Modelling Volume 126, September 2023, 106436.
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Data and codes accompanying the paper: Parteka A., Kordalska A. "Artificial intelligence and productivity: global evidence from AI patent and bibliometric data". Technovation, Volume 125, July 2023, 102764
Open Research DataThe folder contains the data and codes used in the analysis described in the paper: Parteka A., Kordalska A. (2023) Artificial intelligence and productivity: global evidence from AI patent and bibliometric data. Technovation, Volume 125, July 2023, 102764
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Results of research on the SME sector in the context of applying tax reliefs
Open Research DataThis dataset presents the quantitative results of the survey conducted in the period June 2019 - April 2020. In total, 274 completed survey questionnaires were obtained.
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Data on wages, gender wage gap and global value chains measured on the European Structure of Earnings Survey and World Input-Output Database.
Open Research DataThis data article describes the data and merging procedure used by Nikulin and Wolszczak-Derlacz (Nikulin and Wolszczak-Derlacz, 2022).
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Strengths of studying at Gdańsk University of Technology - the year 2012
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates from the year 2012 on the strengths of studying at Gdańsk University of Technology. The survey was conducted in 2014, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 629 respondents. To summarize, among the strengths of studying...
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Strengths of studying at Gdańsk University of Technology - the year 2013
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates from the year 2013 on the strengths of studying at Gdańsk University of Technology. The survey was conducted in 2015, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1777 respondents. To summarize, among the strengths of...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2017, part I
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2017 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2019, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1594 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2017, part II
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2017 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2019, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1594 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2018, part I
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2018 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1315 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2018, part II
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2018 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1315 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of the use of digital skills in professional work – the year 2016
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2016 on their self-assessment of the use of digital skills in professional work. The survey was conducted in 2018, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1947 respondents. To summarize, the vast majority...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of the use of digital skills in professional work – the year 2017
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2017 on their self-assessment of the use of digital skills in professional work. The survey was conducted in 2019, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1594 respondents. To summarize, the vast majority...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of the use of digital skills in professional work – the year 2018
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2018 on their self-assessment of the use of digital skills in professional work. The survey was conducted in 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1315 respondents. To summarize, the vast majority...
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Data from the survey on the opinion of Gdańsk University of Technology foreign graduates – additional comments
Open Research DataThe dataset includes additional comments from the survey on the opinion of Gdańsk University of Technology foreign graduates. The research was conducted over four months, from December 2019 to March 2020, using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI). The research sample included 142 respondents. Summarizing, among the additional comments to the...
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Strengths of studying at Gdańsk University of Technology - the year 2011
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates from the year 2011 on the strengths of studying at Gdańsk University of Technology. The survey was conducted in 2013, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 615 respondents. To summarize, among the strengths of studying...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2016, part II
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2016 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2018, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1947 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2016, part I
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2016 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2018, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1947 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Dataset of bibliometric data for a research study on tax research retrived from Web of Science.
Open Research DataThis dataset was created for the purpose of research study on taxation research. Analytical data come from the Web of Science (WoS) databases provided by Clarivate Analytics and was retrived in March 2021.
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Upper corporate income tax rates CIT in EU countries (in%).
Open Research DataIn 2000, CIT rates were quite varied; in Ireland and Lithuania it was 24%, and in Germany it was nearly 52%. For all EU countries, the average CIT rate was at the level of 32%, but in the following years the rate decreased to reach the level of around 22.5%. The largest reductions in the CIT rate were introduced by Bulgaria and Germany. Particularly...
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Income tax rates for special activities in Czech Republic
Open Research DataThe standard corporate income tax rate is 19%. Since 2015, the tax rates for special activities have changed as follows: the tax rate for pension funds is 0% (with some exemption); The tax regulations define a new so-called "Basic investment fund" and only that particular fund can benefit from the lower tax rate of 5%. Other mutual funds that do not...
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Implied Tax Subsidy Rates for Research and Development Expenditure in European OECD Countries (2019)
Open Research DataThe implied rate of tax credits, developed by the OECD, is one way to measure the extent of R&D tax credits based on spending in different countries. Tax credit rates are measured as the difference between one R&D investment unit and the pre-tax income required to earn commission from that investment unit, assuming the firm is representative....
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Structure of the SME sector by economy sectors in Poland and the EU-28
Open Research DataEurostat data show that almost 75% of SMEs in Poland are trade and services, and every seventh enterprise conducts activities related to construction, and every eight - in industry. Comparing the industry structure of Polish companies with the structure of enterprises operating in EU countries, it should be noted that we are characterized by a greater...
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IRAP tax differentiation in Italian Regions
Open Research DataThe following table presents the widespread differentiation in the standard IRAP rates applied in the particular regions of Italy. The tax rates in the table have been updated to 2019 (Only Regions marked with "*" updated their tax rates to the 2020 tax period as of March 16, 2020).
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Corporate income tax in Mexico (1981-1986)
Open Research DataThe following dataset contains information about Mexican corporate income tax. The presented data concerns the years 1981-1986.
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Corporate tax rates (2000-2019) - Greece
Open Research DataOver the past twenty years, Greece has changed the statutory corporate tax rate, which in 2000 was 40%. The 2008 tax reform provided for a gradual reduction of the rate by 1% annually over the period 2010-2014 (from 25% to 20%). This dataset contains data on CIT rates in Greece.
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Tax rates for the payroll and profit tax for financial institutions Israel 2002-2015
Open Research DataThe following dataset presents the historical tax rates for the payroll and profit tax paid by financial institutions (non-VAT taxation) in Israel. The data presented in the dataset concerns 2002-2015.
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2018, part II
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2018 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1315 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2016, part II
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2016 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2018, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1947 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Share of gross value added by factors of production prices generated by the enterprise sector in Poland and in the EU countries in the GDP of individual countries
Open Research DataCompanies operating in the EU countries are characterized by a greater contribution to the creation of GDP than Polish enterprises. Discrepancies in shaping the described value also result from a different industry structure of companies. In other EU countries, more companies are involved in services, and in Poland, enterprises conducting commercial...
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Cities that will obtain the highest revenues from PIT in 2021 per capita in thous. PLN
Open Research DataAn example of a tax that is proportionally divided between the state (government administration) and local governments is the personal income tax. The following dataset presents the income tax revenues to the central budget, as well as the cities that obtain the highest income from the above tribute. The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the financial...
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Cities that obtain the highest revenues from PIT in 2021 in PLN billion
Open Research DataTax issues play an important role in the economy of each country, its citizens and economic entities that operate on the market. Taxes are the main instrument of the state's influence on the economy, as they cover almost all natural and legal persons that operate on the market.
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2016, part I
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2016 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2018, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1947 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ assessment of acquired skills and competencies for professional work – years 2017-2018
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2017-2018 on their assessment of acquired skills and competencies for professional work. The survey was conducted in the period from 2018 to 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 2909 respondents....
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ assessment of acquired skills and competencies for professional work – years 2015-2016
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2015-2016 on their assessment of acquired skills and competencies for professional work. The survey was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2018, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 4500 respondents....
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PIT revenues in 2012-2021 in PLN billion
Open Research DataTaxes are the primary source of income for the state budget and local government units. Tax issues play an important role in the economy of each country, its citizens and economic entities that operate on the market. Taxes are the main instrument of the state's influence on the economy, as they cover almost all natural and legal persons operating on...
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List of public benefit organizations that in 2020 received 1% of the tax due for 2019
Open Research DataThe possibility of transferring 1% of personal income tax was introduced by the Act on Public Benefit and Volunteer Work in 2003, and specific provisions specifying who and how can transfer 1% of tax are included in the Personal Income Tax Act. In order to be able to accept 1% of income tax, first of all, the organization (or other authorized entity)...
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Budget revenues from selected taxes in 2010-2019
Open Research DataThe state is not only a user of the country's resources, a buyer and seller of goods and services, but also under duress takes part of the money from its citizens or entities that carry out activities in the form of taxes. The source of the majority of budget revenues are taxes. The following dataset contains the budget revenues from selected taxes...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ assessment of acquired skills and competencies for professional work – years 2011-2013
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2011-2013 on their assessment of acquired skills and competencies for professional work. The survey was conducted in the period from 2013 to 2015, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 3021 respondents....
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ assessment of the acquired knowledge as the basis for professional work – years 2017-2018
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2017-2018 on their assessment of the acquired knowledge as the basis for professional work. The survey was conducted in the period from 2018 to 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 2909 respondents....
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2017, part I
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2017 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2019, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1594 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2017, part II
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2017 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2019, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1594 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender – the year 2018, part I
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the year 2018 on their self-assessment of selected digital competencies by gender. The survey was conducted in 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 1315 respondents. To summarize, in general, respondents...
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The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
Open Research DataThe majority (99.8%) of companies in the EU countries are micro, small and medium-sized enterprises - see chart. The situation is similar in Poland, but the structure of the SME sector is slightly different from that observed in the EU. In Poland, the share of micro-enterprises in the total number of enterprises is higher than in the EU countries (95.5%...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
Open Research DataEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...
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Personal income tax - tax scales in 1992–2019
Open Research DataThe tax rate is the ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) at which a business or person is taxed. There are several methods used to present a tax rate: statory, average, marginal, and effective. These rates can also be presented using different definitions applied to a tax base: inclusive and exclusive.
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Top personal income tax rates (PIT) in EU countries (in%).
Open Research DataWhen analyzing the historical PIT rates, it should be noted that in 2000 the average rate was almost 45%. The highest income tax (approx. 60%) was imposed in Belgium, Denmark, as well as in the Netherlands and France. On the other hand, the lowest (25%) rates were recorded in Estonia and Latvia, which were not yet members of the European Union. In the...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ assessment of the acquired knowledge as the basis for professional work – years 2015-2016
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2015-2016 on their assessment of the acquired knowledge as the basis for professional work. The survey was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2018, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 4500 respondents....
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ assessment of the acquired knowledge as the basis for professional work – years 2011-2013
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2011-2013 on their assessment of the acquired knowledge as the basis for professional work. The survey was conducted in the period from 2013 to 2015, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 3021 respondents....
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ assessment of individual elements of education in the completed field of study – years 2015-2016
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2015-2016 on their assessment of individual elements of education in the completed field of study. The survey was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2018, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ evaluation of the study program in terms of elements developing digital competencies – years 2016-2018
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2016-2018 on their evaluation of the study program in terms of elements developing digital competencies. The survey was conducted in the period from 2018 to 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ assessment of individual elements of education in the completed field of study – years 2017-2018
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2017-2018 on their assessment of individual elements of education in the completed field of study. The survey was conducted in the period from 2019 to 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included...
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Structure of FUS revenues after the first half of 2020
Open Research DataIn 2020 the fund received a subsidy from the state budget in the amount of PLN 20.1 billion, which constitutes 60.0% of the plan. At the same time, it should be mentioned that from 2019 the subsidy covers funds that in previous years were shown in the item reimbursement of contributions transferred to OFE. In addition, from May this year. The Social...
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Revenue of social security contributions (in PLN billion)
Open Research DataIn the period January-September 2020, the expenditure of the Social Insurance Fund amounted to PLN 197.1 billion, and the revenues from contributions and their derivatives - PLN 144.5 billion. As a result, the proceeds covered 73.3 percent. expenses. At that time, the fund received a subsidy from the budget in the amount of PLN 29.3 million.
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Statement of FUS revenues and costs (in PLN thousand) in the first half of 2020
Open Research DataIn the period from January to June 2020. The fund's expenditure amounted to PLN 130.0 billion, while revenues from premiums and their derivatives amounted to PLN 92.2 billion. As a result, in the first half of this year, the degree of coverage of expenses with revenues from premiums and their derivatives amounted to. the level of 70.9 percent (a decrease...
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Indicator of coverage of expenses with income from contributions in the Social Insurance Fund
Open Research DataThe consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the picture of the financial situation of the Social Insurance Fund. In the period from January to June this year. the fund's expenditure amounted to PLN 130.0 billion, while revenues from premiums and their derivatives amounted to PLN 92.2 billion. As a result, in the first half of this...
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Total annual EU country support for tax credits and child benefits in EUR (2017)
Open Research DataThe inhabitants of Luxembourg can count on the highest support, the smallest - only a dozen or so euros in Bulgaria. Considerable variation also occurs when we consider the help of general support measured in relation to the average salary. In this case, the highest rate is in France (13.7%), and the lowest, similarly to Bulgaria, (only 0.2%).
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Possibility of joint settlement with the spouse / partner in individual EU countries (2017)
Open Research DataThe method of avoiding tax progression known in Poland, consisting in settling income together with the spouse (and in certain cases also the child), the system of this specific relief is also present in other European Union countries such as: Belgium, Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Spain, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Germany, Portugal, UK...
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Discount for children deducted from tax in selected EU countries, available according to number of children criterion (in EUR) in 2017
Open Research DataWhen analyzing the collected data, it should be indicated that the amount of tax preferences addressed to families with children varies widely and ranges from several hundred euro to even several tens of thousands of euro relief annually. The highest family allowances, calculated in absolute terms, are in Germany, and the lowest in Poland. All countries,...
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Tax discount for children deducted from income in selected EU countries, available according to the criterion of the number of children (in EUR) in 2017
Open Research DataDespite the far-reaching harmonization of collection mechanisms and the amount of VAT and excise duty rates in the European Union, individual countries, as a rule, conduct individual income tax policies, including a system of reliefs and exemptions. It is worth noting that, as shown below, each European Union country uses at least one method of supporting...
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Poverty rate in Poland in 2008-2016
Open Research DataThe poverty rate in Poland is also systematically falling. According to Eurostat statistics, poor households are considered to have incomes lower than 60% of the average household income in a given country.
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Gini index in selected European Union countries in 2017.
Open Research DataWhen assessing the level of poverty, one should use indicators presenting indicators of social inequality in terms of income, indicators of prosperity and poverty. In Poland, the situation in terms of inequality is improving, but as measured by the Gini coefficient.
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The Gini index in Poland in 2008-2017
Open Research DataWhen assessing the level of poverty, one should use indicators presenting indicators of social inequality in terms of income, indicators of prosperity and poverty In Poland, the situation in terms of inequality is improving, but as measured by the Gini coefficient. The coefficient, which ranges from zero to one hundred percent, the higher it is, the...
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Percentage of the working age population in selected EU countries in 2006 and 2017
Open Research DataThe phenomenon of aging of the society, and thus changes in the structure of the share of population in pre- and post-working age, is typical for all European Union countries. The median age of the population in the European Union countries in 2001-2016 increased from 38.5 years to 43 years. This is the scale of the aging of the population (Median age...
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The fertility rate (TFR) in Poland in the period 1955-2017
Open Research DataThe fertility rate has dropped 2.5 times over the last 60 years. Immediately after the baby boom in the first half of the 1980s, many generations of women born in the second half of the 1970s, an increase in the number of births from the mid-1990s, were expected as a result of entering the age of the highest fertility age in Poland. which lasted until...
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The fertility rate (TFR) in selected EU countries in 2015
Open Research DataThe main reasons for the negative consequences of demographic changes are: natural increase in the life span of the population, decline in fertility and emigration of unusual dimensions.
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Percentage of the population over 65 in selected EU countries in 2006 and 2017
Open Research DataUntil the mid-1980s, Poland belonged to the group of countries with a high dynamics of population growth, reaching 0.9% annually. The average value of the population growth dynamics in the 1980s was 0.66%. From the beginning of this century, the growth rate has taken negative values and in the years 2000-2014 it amounted to an annual average of -0.03%.
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Summary index of innovations for Poland, Germany and the EU average in 2008-2012
Open Research DataIn 2013, PoƖska became one of the so-called "modest innovators".The table illustrates changes in the innovativeness of the countries in question using the SII indicator.
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Share of gross value added by factors of production prices generated by the enterprise sector in Poland and in the EU countries in the GDP of individual countries
Open Research DataCompanies operating in the EU countries are characterized by a greater contribution to the creation of GDP than Polish enterprises. Discrepancies in shaping the described value also result from a different industry structure of companies. In other EU countries, more companies are involved in services, and in Poland, enterprises conducting commercial...
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The structure of electricity production in Poland (data as at the end of 2010)
Open Research DataThe energy market in Poland is characterized primarily by the use of only one raw material for the production of electricity. In 2010, as much as 91.4% of electricity was produced on the basis of hard coal or lignite. Therefore, the remaining sources used for the production of electricity participated in the production of electricity to a small extent....
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Countries with the highest and the lowest electricity consumption per capita in 1998, kWh / c
Open Research DataFor several years, domestic electricity consumption has been growing (the average annual growth rate of electricity consumption for 2005-2010 is 2.75%). The increase in demand for electricity is related to the continuous development of the Polish economy, the enrichment of society and the growing, year by year, industrial production. It should be noted...
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Net electricity production by fuel (2006-2030)
Open Research DataThis dataset presents the current structure of electricity sources and a forecast of the share of individual fuels in electricity production in Poland until 2030. First of all, it should be noted the constantly growing supply of electricity. It is related to the continuous economic development, increasing consumption both by enterprises and households.
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Gross final energy demand from RES, broken down by type of energy
Open Research DataAccording to the forecasts of the Ministry of Economy, taking into account the macroeconomic situation and legal conditions (including the EU Program "20x20x20", the Act on Renewable Energy Sources and the Energy Efficiency Act), power plants producing energy based on renewable energy will gain in importance in the coming years. energy sources.
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Forecast of basic fuel prices in imports to Poland (constant prices in USD in 2007)
Open Research DataThis dataset presents price growth forecasts for conventional energy sources. It should be noted that the Ministry of Economy forecasts a more than two-fold increase in oil prices (although these forecasts may be greatly underestimated) over 23 years, an almost two-fold increase in natural gas prices and a 40% increase in coal prices.
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Relation of expenditure on Research and Development to GDP in EU countries (2009-2012)
Open Research DataThe presented dataset shows that most countries increased their R&D spending - 16 of those 26 members of the European Union for which Eurostat has complete data did so. This also translated into the average ratio for the entire Community, in 2012 it amounted to 2.06% of GDP compared to 2.01% in 2009. The most severely limited their expenses were...
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Share of enterprises' expenditure in total R&D expenditure (2009-2011)
Open Research DataThe countries with the highest share of enterprises in R&D expenditure are: Finåandia (67%), Germany (65.6%) and Slovenia (61.2%). On the opposite pole are Cyprus (11%), Bulgaria (16.9%) and Latvia (24.8%). The average result for the Member States in 2011 was 54.9%. It is worth noting that the countries that significantly increased the ratio of...
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Comparison of Poland, Germany and the European average using the components of the summary innovation index
Open Research DataThe analysis presents a comparison of the innovation policies of Poland and Germany using all the indicators included in the Summary Innovation Index (SII), then the obtained results were analyzed and conclusions were formulated.The indicators are divided into three main categories, each group of indicators shows a different aspect of the innovativeness...
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Number of tax returns filed by taxpayers obtaining income taxed with a lump sum on income recorded according to sources of income 2011-2015
Open Research DataTaxpayers engaged in non-agricultural business activities benefiting from taxation in the form of a lump sum on recorded income, are required to have and store proofs of purchase of goods, keep a list of fixed assets and intangible assets, records of equipment and, separately for each tax year, a record of revenues. The obligation to keep records of...
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Employment structure in individual enterprises in Poland in 2010-2014
Open Research DataIt is worth mentioning the role of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the labor market. The above-mentioned entities employ in total nearly 70% of all employees who work in the corporate sector. Micro enterprises play a decisive role in this respect, accounting for nearly 40% of all employees.Comparing the data contained in the table below...
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Income obtained according to particular rates only by taxpayers conducting non-agricultural business activity 2015
Open Research DataTaxation in the form of a lump sum on recorded revenues does not apply to certain types of activity, regardless of their size. We are talking about taxpayers who achieve revenue in whole or in part, among others from on account of running pharmacies, activities in the field of buying and selling foreign exchange values, activities in the field of trade...
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Share of gross value added generated by enterprises in GDP
Open Research DataAfter Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems...
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Share of family enterprises in generating GDP in individual sections 2009
Open Research DataFamily businesses constitute a significant part of the Polish economy and the vast majority of enterprises within the SME sector. They have always existed on the Polish market, but the political situation meant that their real revival is related to the political changes of 1989. These companies are of particular importance in contributing to the formation...
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Share of people working in the enterprise sector by ownership sector at the end of 2016 (%).
Open Research DataThe dynamic development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which was observed in the past century - in particular in the past two decades - is the phenomenon of the development of the world economy intriguing many researchers and research centers. These figures present the share of workforce according to the ownership sector at the end of 2016.
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Difficulties in financing innovation - research results
Open Research DataThe SME sector determines the strength of the Polish economy, still faces many barriers in running a business, they can be social and market barriers, for example: financial barriers, low employee mobility, or limited access to financing sources: legal barriers that result from economic policy difficult for the sector, or conservative economic policy.
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Personal income tax - tax scales in 1992–2019
Open Research DataPersonal income tax in Poland is regulated by the Act of July 26, 1991. In addition, the rights and obligations of the taxpayer of this tax result from a number of provisions of the Polish Constitution, many statutes and ratified international agreements and executive regulations. This research data contains information on the amount of tax in Poland...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
Open Research DataEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. The following dataset contains the number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019.
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The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
Open Research DataEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ satisfaction with graduating from a given field of study – years 2015-2018
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2015-2018 on their satisfaction with graduating from a given field of study. The survey was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 7409 respondents. To summarize,...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ satisfaction with graduating from a given faculty – years 2015-2018
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2015-2018 on their satisfaction with graduating from a given faculty. The survey was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 7409 respondents. To summarize,...
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Gdańsk University of Technology graduates’ satisfaction with graduating from university – years 2015-2018
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates' from the years 2015-2018 on their satisfaction with graduating from university. The survey was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 7409 respondents. To summarize, the...
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The sources of financing for raising qualifications of Gdańsk University of Technology graduates – years 2013-2016
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates from the years 2013-2016 on the sources of financing for raising qualifications. The survey was conducted in the period from 2015 to 2018, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 8281 respondents. To summarize, Gdańsk...
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The causes of labour inactivity of Gdańsk University of Technology graduates – years 2014-2018
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates from the years 2014-2018 on the causes of their labour inactivity. The survey was conducted in the period from 2016 to 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 9413 respondents. To summarize, the most common...
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Raising own qualifications by Gdańsk University of Technology graduates – years 2015-2018
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates from the years 2015-2018 on raising their own qualifications. The survey was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2020, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 7409 respondents. To summarize, the vast majority of...
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Raising own qualifications by Gdańsk University of Technology graduates – years 2010-2014
Open Research DataThe dataset includes data from the survey on the Gdańsk University of Technology graduates from the years 2010-2014 on raising their own qualifications. The survey was conducted in the period from 2012 to 2016, two years after the respondents obtained graduate status. The research sample included 5367 respondents. To summarize, the vast majority of...