Search results for: EUROPEAN UNION, JAPAN, STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT, ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT - Bridge of Knowledge

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Search results for: EUROPEAN UNION, JAPAN, STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT, ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

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Search results for: EUROPEAN UNION, JAPAN, STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT, ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

  • The level of VAT in relation to the GDP of selected European Union countries in 2007-2015 (in%)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    VAT (Value Added Tax) is part of a strictly harmonized tax within the European Union. Under the so-called The Sixth Directive introduced provisions regulating the subject and subject of taxation, tax exemptions and exclusions as well as the tax collection mechanism in all Member States.

  • VAT rates in particular member states of the European Union in 2015

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Under European Union law, the minimum standard rate of VAT that Member States can apply is 15%. An upper limit has not been specified. Despite attempts to harmonize the value added tax rates, the range of tax rates applied between countries is large. Currently, Luxembourg uses the lowest standard rate (15%), and Hungary uses the highest (27%). Due to...

  • Number of individual clients who have signed an agreement enabling the use of internet banking (2017)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The  data show that at the end of 2017, 32.5 million people in Poland had the opportunity to use internet banking, i.e. signed an agreement enabling the use of internet banking. It is worth noting, however, that the so-called passive users - people who have access, but do not have to log into their account via an internet connection.

  • Average CIT rate in European Union countries in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 (in%)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following data presents the average CIT rate in European Union countries between 2008-2016 .

  • Gini index in selected European Union countries in 2017.

    Open Research Data
    open access

    When assessing the level of poverty, one should use indicators presenting indicators of social inequality in terms of income, indicators of prosperity and poverty. In Poland, the situation in terms of inequality is improving, but as measured by the Gini coefficient.

  • Annual growth of House price index in European Union in 2006-2017

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The financial crisis of 2008 has caused a number of changes in the investment of both companies and individuals. One of the widely invested assets became the real estate market. The decline in real estate prices was noted in 2009 and 2012-2014. The highest decrease in property prices was indicated in Bulgaria, Ireland, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia and...

  • Tax on dividend income and income from investments in equity instruments in selected European Union countries

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following data contains the information about the capital gains tax in selected EU countries. Capital gain is understood as an increase in the value of capital, e.g. as a result of an increase in the prices of securities held on the stock exchange, units of funds, exchange rate differences or other assets. This profit may be specified in nominal...

  • Raman spectra of CPMH and CPMD

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contains Raman spectra of CPMH and CPMD. Raman scattering was measured with a RenishawmicroRaman spectrometer (785 nm). Sample abbreviations (CPMH, CPMD) are in agreement with the markings used in the linked publication. 

  • CV (cyclic voltammetry) curves of the CPMD sample at different scan rates

    Open Research Data
    open access

     These data contain CV curves of CPMD obtained at a scan rate from 1 mV s−1 to 20 mV s−1. Sample abbreviations (CPMD) are in agreement with the markings used in the linked publication. 

  • Evaluation of the electrochemical performance of CPMD in ZICs with 3M ZnSO4 electrolyte

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain the results of the electrochemical performance measurements of CPMD in ZICs with 3M ZnSO4 electrolyte, incl. CGD (galvanostatic charge-discharge ) curve and cycling stability of CPMD. Sample abbreviations (CPMD) are in agreement with the markings used in the linked publication. 

  • The results of the nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements of CPMD and CPMH

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The results of the nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements of CPMD and CPMH. The adsorption/desorption isothermswere carried out at 77 K using a Quantachrome Autosorb-1C-MS instrument. Sample abbreviations (CPMD, CPMH) are in agreement with the markings used in the linked publication. 

  • XRD (X-ray Diffraction) patterns of PMH, PMD and simulated MIL-53(Al)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain XRD (X-ray Diffraction) patterns of PMH, PMD and simulated MIL-53(Al). The results were recorded by a Philipsdiffractometer using Cu Ka radiation. Sample abbreviations (PMH, PMD, MIL-53(Al)) are in agreement with the markings used in the linked publication. 

  • ETS prices 2008-2024

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is a carbon emission trading scheme (or cap and trade scheme) which began in 2005 and is intended to lower greenhouse gas emissions by the European Union countries. The "ETS prices 2008-2024" dataset contains a summary of ETS prices in 2008-2024.

  • The number of active enterprises in Poland in 1997-2014

    Open Research Data
    open access

    After Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems...

  • Share of gross value added generated by enterprises in GDP

    Open Research Data
    open access

    After Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems...

  • Indicators describing the effectiveness of tax systems of selected OECD countries

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following research data include indicators describing the effectiveness of the tax administration activity in Poland compared to selected countries. In economic understanding efficiency is measured by the calculation of the expenditure of funds spent on its operation and performance of statutory functions. In this respect, the basic indicator is...

  • Ex-situ XRD (X-ray Diffraction) results for electrodes under different charge/discharge states

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Ex-situ XRD was employed to analyze the energy storage mechanism of CPMD in ZICs system. The ZICs were firstly charged to 1.8 V from the open circuit voltage (at around 1.3 V), then discharge to 1.0 V and 0.2 V, and finally recharged to 1.0 V and 1.8 V. Sample abbreviations (CPMD) are in agreement with the markings used in the linked publication. 

  • XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) survey spectra of CPMD and CPMH

    Open Research Data
    open access

    XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) survey spectra of CPMD and CPMH. XPS spectra were obtained using Al Kɑ (hv=1486.6 eV) radiation with a Prevac system equipped with a Scienta SES 2002 electron energy analyzer operating at constant transmission energy (Ep=50 eV). Sample abbreviations (CPMD, CPMH) are in agreement with the markings used in the linked...

  • SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) images of PMD and PMH

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contains SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) images of PMD and PMH. TEM was performed on a FEI Tecnai F30 transmission electron microscope operating at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. SEM was done with a SEM, XL30ESEM-FEG with an acceleration voltage of 20 KV. Sample abbreviations (PMH, PMD) are...

  • Percentage of the working age population in selected EU countries in 2006 and 2017

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The phenomenon of aging of the society, and thus changes in the structure of the share of population in pre- and post-working age, is typical for all European Union countries. The median age of the population in the European Union countries in 2001-2016 increased from 38.5 years to 43 years. This is the scale of the aging of the population (Median age...

  • Mechanisms for supporting electric vehicle purchasers in selected European countries in 2011-2016

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The European authorities have not developed a single common preference model for electric car buyers within the Union. Different countries have decided on different solutions. The following dataset presents mechanisms for supporting electric vehicle purchasers in selected European countries in years 2011-2016, including both economical (in the form...

  • Employment structure in individual enterprises in Poland in 2010-2014

    Open Research Data
    open access

    It is worth mentioning the role of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the labor market. The above-mentioned entities employ in total nearly 70% of all employees who work in the corporate sector. Micro enterprises play a decisive role in this respect, accounting for nearly 40% of all employees.Comparing the data contained in the table below...

  • Tax discount for children deducted from income in selected EU countries, available according to the criterion of the number of children (in EUR) in 2017

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Despite the far-reaching harmonization of collection mechanisms and the amount of VAT and excise duty rates in the European Union, individual countries, as a rule, conduct individual income tax policies, including a system of reliefs and exemptions. It is worth noting that, as shown below, each European Union country uses at least one method of supporting...

  • The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Enterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. The following dataset contains the number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019.

  • Possibility of joint settlement with the spouse / partner in individual EU countries (2017)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The method of avoiding tax progression known in Poland, consisting in settling income together with the spouse (and in certain cases also the child), the system of this specific relief is also present in other European Union countries such as: Belgium, Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Spain, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Germany, Portugal, UK...

  • Miscanthus × giganteus growth and photosynthetic rate measurements

    Open Research Data
    open access

    This data set contains the findings of the growth development, gas exchange, and specific leaf area of the plants during the experiment in which straw and wood chips-based biochars were used as soil amendment for Miscanthus × giganteus (M×g) cultivation.

  • Stages of development of payment cards in Poland

    Open Research Data
    open access

    An important stage in the development of the Polish card market was the commencement of the card and check center of Bank Pekao SA in 1992, which became a professional technical background for the widespread issuance of bank cards. At the same year PolCard SA, became the first agent in the country, launched its own terminals for payment intermediation...

  • Top 10 Iran Import Goods in 2011

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following dataset shows the volume of trade of the European Union countries with Iran. One can observe a significant drop in both imports and exports (the year 2012 meant tightening of sanctions, which clearly limited the import of Iranian products to the EU). After lifting the sanctions it is expected to substantially increase the level of trade...

  • Total Goods: EU Trade flows and balance with Iran, 2005-2015 (in millions of USD).

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following dataset shows the volume of trade of the European Union countries with Iran. One can observe a significant drop in both imports and exports (the year 2012 meant tightening of sanctions, which clearly limited the import of Iranian products to the EU). After lifting the sanctions it is expected to substantially increase the level of trade...

  • Number of devices accepting electronic payment instruments per million inhabitants in EU countries 2015

    Open Research Data
    open access

    This research data presents the number of devices accepting electronic payment instruments per million inhabitants in the EU countries in 2015. It is an element of the so-called the banking index, which in the subject literature is defined as the number of people actively using services banking. It is noted that this coefficient is also an expression...

  • The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Enterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...

  • Tax support mechanisms for research and development projects in EU countries

    Open Research Data
    open access

    One of the important areas requiring special support from the state are activities in pro-innovative investments. Tax incentives allocated to research and development are used by practically all European Union countries. Their aim is to persuade entities conducting business activity to invest in the so-called new technologies - defined as the area of...

  • Comparison of Poland, Germany and the European average using the components of the summary innovation index

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The analysis presents a comparison of the innovation policies of Poland and Germany using all the indicators included in the Summary Innovation Index (SII), then the obtained results were analyzed and conclusions were formulated.The indicators are divided into three main categories, each group of indicators shows a different aspect of the innovativeness...

  • The number of enterprises in Poland and selected EU countries in 2012

    Open Research Data
    open access

    In 2012, Poland was sixth in the ranking of the number of enterprises in selected European Union countries. In total, 22 million companies conduct business in the countries of the Community. However, when analyzing these values in relative numbers (calculated as the number of enterprises per 1000 inhabitants), Poland ranks only 22nd among the Member...

  • The largest companies in the TSL industry in Poland in 2011

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The data contained in the dataset shows that the most successful transport, forwarding and logistics company in Poland in 2011 was PKP CARGO S.A. The company is the largest carrier in the country, while in the European Union it ranks second in terms of freight transport.

  • Top personal income tax rates (PIT) in EU countries (in%).

    Open Research Data
    open access

    When analyzing the historical PIT rates, it should be noted that in 2000 the average rate was almost 45%. The highest income tax (approx. 60%) was imposed in Belgium, Denmark, as well as in the Netherlands and France. On the other hand, the lowest (25%) rates were recorded in Estonia and Latvia, which were not yet members of the European Union. In the...

  • Cooperation between NGOs from Tricity and public administration entities

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Research is an element of the Project “Civil Society Development for Participatory Democracy in Shida Kartli Region implemented by Instytut Badań nad Polityką Europejską (Research Institute for European Policy) in cooperation with Information and Socio-Economic Problems Research Center (Georgia), Agria Universitas Association (Hungary) and Civipolis,...

  • Forecast of basic fuel prices in imports to Poland (constant prices in USD in 2007)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    This dataset presents price growth forecasts for conventional energy sources. It should be noted that the Ministry of Economy forecasts a more than two-fold increase in oil prices (although these forecasts may be greatly underestimated) over 23 years, an almost two-fold increase in natural gas prices and a 40% increase in coal prices.

  • Countries with the highest and the lowest electricity consumption per capita in 1998, kWh / c

    Open Research Data
    open access

    For several years, domestic electricity consumption has been growing (the average annual growth rate of electricity consumption for 2005-2010 is 2.75%). The increase in demand for electricity is related to the continuous development of the Polish economy, the enrichment of society and the growing, year by year, industrial production. It should be noted...

  • Microalgal strains from the Culture Collection of Baltic Algae (CCBA)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The dataset contains information on the cyanobacterial and microalgal strains maintained at the Culture Collection of Baltic Algae (CCBA) at the Institute of Oceanography UG. The collection maintains cyanobacterial and algal strains isolated from the Baltic Sea and additionally several strains collected from a wide range of habitats. The culture collection...

  • Relation of expenditure on Research and Development to GDP in EU countries (2009-2012)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The presented dataset shows that most countries increased their R&D spending - 16 of those 26 members of the European Union for which Eurostat has complete data did so. This also translated into the average ratio for the entire Community, in 2012 it amounted to 2.06% of GDP compared to 2.01% in 2009. The most severely limited their expenses were...

  • Bias mitigation benchmark that includes two datasets

    Open Research Data
    open access

    ISIC-2020 is the largest skin lesion dataset divided into two classes -- benign and malignant. It contains 33126 dermoscopic images from over 2000 patients. The diagnoses were confirmed either by histopathology, expert agreement or longitudinal follow-up. The dataset was gathered by The International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) from several medical...

  • Validation of lumbar spine finite element model

    Open Research Data
    embargo

    The functional biomechanics of the lumbar spine have been better understood by finite element method (FEM) simulations. However, there are still areas where the behavior of soft tissues can be better modeled or described in a different way. The purpose of this research is to develop and validate a lumbar spine section intended for biomechanical research....

  • Numerical Study of the Impinging Jets Formed by an Injector with Different Nozzle Diameters

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The data set contains the simulation files related to the research paper “Numerical Study of the Impinging Jets Formed by an Injector with Different Nozzle Diameters”, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-1080.

  • The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Enterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...

  • AFM imaging of surface of modern soldering alloy

    Open Research Data
    open access - series: Scanning Probe Microscopies data

    Following the announcement in 2006 of European Union directives aimed at limiting the use of lead in electronic products, there was an urgent need to use lead-free solders in the electronics industry. Due to production requirements, it is necessary to use solders with different melting points. To replace the low-melting eutectic Sn 37 wt. Pb, the most...

  • Functional specialisation and economic upgrading in GVCs

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The dataset collected for selected Central Eastern European (CEE) countries (CZE, EST, HUN, LVA, LTU, POL, SVK, SVN) contains country-level and sector-level observations for the project implementation linked to the concept of functional specialization of economies. The aim of the project is to identify patterns of functional specialisation in global...

  • The surface of the sensor used in the analysis of odorous substances

    Open Research Data
    open access - series: Scanning Probe Microscopies data

    Human industrial activity usually leads to smaller or larger interference with the ecosystem, contributing to changes affecting the quality of life. An example may be the emission of gaseous substances, not necessarily toxic, but due to their intense smell, they can cause discomfort to people exposed to their inhalation. The problem is so important...

  • Number of registered BEV and PHEV vehicles in 2011-2016 (in thousands)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    There are three main types of vehicles that are generally regarded as an electric car. These include: