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Search results for: MICROWAVE PASSIVE COMPONENTS
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Globalized Parametric Optimization of Microwave Passive Components Using Simplex-Based Surrogates
PublicationOptimization-based parameter adjustment involving full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models is a crucial stage of present-day microwave design process. In fact, rigorous optimization is the only reliable mean permitting to simultaneously handle multiple geometry/material parameters, objectives, and constraints. Unfortunately, EM-driven design is a computationally intensive endeavor. While local tuning is usually manageable,...
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Surrogate models and automated cad of passive microwave components
PublicationW pracy pokazane zostały techniki modelowania złożonych układów elektronicznych wysokiej częstotliwości. Modele zastępcze mają postać sparametryzowanych modeli matematycznych tworzonych za pomocą schematów interpolacyjnych lub skupionych, pasywnych układów zastępczych dedykowanych analizie w dziedzinie czasu. Do konstrukcji modeli wykorzystywane są wyniki symulacji elektromagnetycznych, co pozwala na osiągnięcie lepszej dokładności...
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Zero-Pole Approach in Microwave Passive Circuit Design
PublicationIn this thesis, optimization strategies for design of microwave passive structures including filters, couplers, antenna and impedance transformer and construction of various surroogate models utilized to fasten the design proces have been discussed. Direct and hybrid optimization methodologies including space mapping and multilevel algorithms combined with various surrogate models at different levels of fidelity have been utilized...
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Artificial Neural Networks in Microwave Components and Circuits Modeling
PublicationArtykuł dotyczy wykorzystania sztucznych sieci neuronowych (SNN) w projektowaniu i optymalizacji układów mikrofalowych.Zaprezentowano podstawowe zasady i założenia modelowania z użyciem SNN. Możliwości opisywanej metody opisano wykorzystując przykładowyprojekt anteny łatowej. Przedstawiono różne strategie modelowania układów, które wykorzystują możliwości opisywanej metody w połączeniu zwiedzą mikrofalową. Porównano również dokładność...
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Expedited Optimization of Passive Microwave Devices Using Gradient Search and Principal Directions
PublicationOver the recent years, utilization of numerical optimization techniques has become ubiquitous in the design of high-frequency systems, including microwave passive components. The primary reason is that the circuits become increasingly complex to meet ever growing performance demands concerning their electrical performance, additional functionalities, as well as miniaturization. Nonetheless, as reliable evaluation of microwave device...
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Measurements of passive components using of an IEEE 1149.4 mixed-signal test bus
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wykorzystaniem magistrali testującej mieszanej sygnałowo IEEE 1149.4 do pomiarów elementów pasywnych zamontowanych na pakietach elektronicznych. Do badań użyto wyposażonych w magistralę układów scalonych typu STA400. Zaprezentowano metody pomiaru rezystancji pojedynczych elementów z wykorzystaniem źródła prądowego oraz źródła VH znajdującego się w analogowych modułach ABM układu STA400. Pokazano...
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Reduced-Cost Constrained Modeling of Microwave and Antenna Components: Recent Advances
PublicationElectromagnetic (EM) simulation models are ubiquitous in the design of microwave and antenna components. EM analysis is reliable but CPU intensive. In particular, multiple simulations entailed by parametric optimization or uncertainty quantification may considerably slow down the design processes. In order to address this problem, it is possible to employ fast metamodels. Here, the popular solution approaches are approximation...
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Effect of convection and microwave heating on the retention of bioactive components in human milk
PublicationBioactive substances are very important components of human milk (HM), especially for premature newborns. The effects of convection (CH) and microwave heating (MWH) at 62.5 and 66 °C, on the level of selected bioactive components of HM: lysozyme (LZ), lactoferrin (LF), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), basal lipase (BL), cytokine TGF-2, vitamin C and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was compared. Regardless of the used heating methods...
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Hybrid analysis of microwave components in cylindrical coordinates with function expansion in subdomains.
PublicationW artykule zaproponowano wydajną metodę przyspieszenia analizy FDTD, poprzez podział dziedziny obliczeniowej i zastosowanie różnych algorytmów w różnych elementach dziedziny. Zaproponowano uniwersalną metodę łączenia techniki PEE (Partial Eigenfunction Expansion)i niezmodyfikowanej FDTD w jednej analizie. Uzyskano redukcję liczby zmiennych oraz wydłużenie kroku czasowego.
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Fast Design Closure of Compact Microwave Components by Means of Feature-Based Metamodels
PublicationPrecise tuning of geometry parameters is an important consideration in the design of modern microwave passive components. It is mandatory due to limitations of theoretical design methods unable to quantify certain phenomena that are important for the operation and performance of the devices (e.g., strong cross-coupling effects in miniaturized layouts). Consequently, the initial designs obtained using analytical or equivalent network...
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GPU Acceleration of Multilevel Solvers for Analysis of Microwave Components With Finite Element Method
PublicationThe letter discusses a fast implementation of the conjugate gradient iterative method with ${rm E}$-field multilevel preconditioner applied to solving real symmetric and sparse systems obtained with vector finite element method. In order to accelerate computations, a graphics processing unit (GPU) was used and significant speed-up (2.61 fold) was achieved comparing to a central processing unit (CPU) based approach. These results...
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Low-Cost Surrogate Modeling of Miniaturized Microwave Components Using Nested Kriging
PublicationIn the paper, a recently reported nested kriging methodology is employed for modeling of miniaturized microwave components. The approach is based on identifying the parameter space region that contains high-quality designs, and, subsequently, rendering the surrogate in this subset. The results obtained for a miniaturized unequal-power-split rat-race coupler and a compact three-section impedance transformer demonstrate reliability...
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Nested Kriging Surrogates for Rapid Multi-Objective Optimization of Compact Microwave Components
PublicationA procedure for rapid EM-based multi-objective optimization of compact microwave components is presented. Our methodology employs a recently developed nested kriging modelling to identify the search space region containing the Pareto-optimal designs, and to construct a fast surrogate model. The latter permits determination of the initial Pareto set, further refined using a separate surrogate-assisted process. As an illustration,...
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Globalized parametric optimization of microwave components by means of response features and inverse metamodels
PublicationSimulation-based optimization of geometry parameters is an inherent and important stage of microwave design process. To ensure reliability, the optimization process is normally carried out using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools, which entails significant computational overhead. This becomes a serious bottleneck especially if global search is required (e.g., design of miniaturized structures, dimension scaling over...
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Design centering of compact microwave components using response features and trust regions
PublicationFabrication tolerances, as well as uncertainties of other kinds, e.g., concerning material parameters or operating conditions, are detrimental to the performance of microwave circuits. Mitigating their impact requires accounting for possible parameter deviations already at the design stage. This involves optimization of appropriately defined statistical figures of merit such as yield. Alt-hough important, robust (or tolerance-aware)...
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Accelerated multi-objective design of miniaturized microwave components by means of nested kriging surrogates
PublicationDesign of microwave components is an inherently multiobjective task. Often, the objectives are at least partially conflicting and the designer has to work out a suitable compromise. In practice, generating the best possible trade‐off designs requires multiobjective optimization, which is a computationally demanding task. If the structure of interest is evaluated through full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis, the employment of...
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Rapid design closure of microwave components by means of feature-based optimization and adjoint sensitivities
PublicationIn this article, fast design closure of microwave components using feature-based optimization (FBO) and adjoint sensitivities is discussed. FBO is one of the most recent optimization techniques that exploits a particular structure of the system response to “flatten” the functional landscape handled during the optimization process, which leads to reducing its computational complexity. When combined with gradient-based search involving...
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Design specification management with automated decision-making for reliable optimization of miniaturized microwave components
PublicationThe employment of numerical optimization techniques for parameter tuning of microwave components has nowadays become a commonplace. In pursuit of reliability, it is most often carried out at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models, incurring considerable computational expenses. In the case of miniaturized microstrip circuits, densely arranged layouts with strong cross-coupling effects make EM-driven tuning...
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Reduced-cost surrogate modelling of compact microwave components by two-level kriging interpolation
PublicationFull-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis is a versatile tool for evaluating the performance of high-frequency components. Its potential drawback is its high computational cost, inhibiting the execution of EM-driven tasks requiring massive simulations. The applicability of equivalent network models is limited owing to the topological complexity of compact microstrip components because of EM cross-coupling effects. Development of...
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Compressed Projection Bases for Model-Order Reduction of Multiport Microwave Components Using FEM
PublicationThis paper presents a projection basis compression technique for generating compact reduced-order models (ROM) in the FE analysis of microwave devices. In this approach redundancy is removed from the projection basis by means of the proper orthogonal decomposition technique applied to the projected system of linear equations. Compression allows for keeping the size of a reduced-order model as small as possible without compromising...
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Comparing traffic intensity estimates employing passive acoustic radar and microwave Doppler radar sensor
PublicationThe purpose of our applied research project is to develop an autonomous road sign with built-in radar devices of our design. In this paper, we show that it is possible to calibrate the acoustic vector sensor so that it can be used to measure traffic volume and count the vehicles involved in the traffic through the analysis of the noise emitted by them. Signals obtained from a Doppler radar are used as a reference source. Although...
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Estimating Traffic Intensity Employing Passive Acoustic Radar and Enhanced Microwave Doppler Radar Sensor
PublicationInnovative road signs that can autonomously display the speed limit in cases where the trac situation requires it are under development. The autonomous road sign contains many types of sensors, of which the subject of interest in this article is the Doppler sensor that we have improved and the constructed and calibrated acoustic probe. An algorithm for performing vehicle detection and tracking, as well as vehicle speed measurement,...
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Rapid multi-criterial design of microwave components with robustness analysis by means of knowledge-based surrogates
PublicationManufacturing tolerances and uncertainties concerning material parameters, e.g., operating conditions or substrate permittivity are detrimental to characteristics of microwave components. The knowledge of relations between acceptable parameter deviations (not leading to violation of design specifications) and the nominal performance (not considering uncertainties), and is therefore indispensable. This paper proposes a multi-objective...
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Nested Space Mapping Technology for Expedite EM-driven Design of Compact RF/microwave Components
PublicationA robust simulation-driven methodology for rapid and reliable design of RF/microwave circuits comprising compact microstrip resonant cells (CMRCs) is presented. We introduce a nested space mapping (NSM) technology, in which the inner space mapping layer is utilized to improve the generalization capabilities of the equivalent circuit model corresponding to a constitutive element of the circuit under consideration. The outer layer...
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Selection of circuit geometry for miniaturized microwave components based on concurrent optimization of performance and layout area
PublicationThe paper presents a framework for automated EM-driven circuit geometry selection of miniaturized microwave components. Selection of a particular layout is based directly on miniaturization rates achieved for a set of candidate circuit geometries. Size reduction of the considered structures is obtained by replacing their main building blocks (i.e., conventional transmission lines) with slow-wave composite cells and meander lines....
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Strategies for computationally feasible multi-objective simulation-driven design of compact RF/microwave components
PublicationMulti-objective optimization is indispensable when possible trade-offs between various (and usually conflicting) design objectives are to be found. Identification of such design alternatives becomes very challenging when performance evaluation of the structure/system at hand is computationally expensive. Compact RF and microwave components are representative examples of such a situation: due to highly compressed layouts and considerable...
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Low-Cost Modeling of Microwave Components by Means of Two-Stage Inverse/Forward Surrogates and Domain Confinement
PublicationFull-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis is one of the most important tools in the design of modern microwave components and systems. EM simulation permits reliable evaluation of circuits at the presence of cross-coupling effects or substrate anisotropy, as well as for accounting for interactions with the immediate environment. However, repetitive analyses required by EM-driven procedures, such as parametric optimization or statistical...
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Low-cost performance-driven modelling of compact microwave components with two-layer surrogates and gradient kriging
PublicationUtilization of electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools has become indispensable for reliable evaluation of microwave components. As the cost of an individual analysis may already be considerable, the computational overhead associated with EM-driven tasks that require massive simulations (e.g., optimization) may turn prohibitive. One of mitigation methods is the employment of equivalent network models. Yet, they are incapable of accounting...
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Variable-fidelity response feature surrogates for accelerated statistical analysis and yield estimation of compact microwave components
PublicationAccounting for manufacturing tolerances is an essential part of a reliable microwave design process. Yet, quantification of geometry and/or material parameter uncertainties is challenging at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. This is due to inherently high cost of EM analysis and massive simulations necessary to conduct the statistical analysis. Here, a low-cost and accurate yield estimation procedure...
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Expedited Re-Design of Multi-Band Passive Microwave Circuits Using Orthogonal Scaling Directions and Gradient-Based Tuning
PublicationGeometry scaling of microwave circuits is an essential but challenging task. In particular, the employment of a given passive structure in a different application area often requires re-adjustment of the operating frequencies/bands while maintaining top performance. Achieving this necessitates utilization of numerical optimization methods. Nonetheless, if the intended frequencies are distant from the ones at the starting point,...
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Low-cost data-driven modelling of microwave components using domain confinement and PCA-based dimensionality reduction
PublicationFast data-driven surrogate models can be employed as replacements of computationally demanding full-wave electromagnetic simulations to facilitate the microwave design procedures. Unfortunately, practical application of surrogate modelling is often hindered by the curse of dimensionality and/or considerable nonlinearity of the component characteristics. This paper proposes a simple yet reliable approach to cost-efficient modelling...
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Wideband Macromodels in Finite Element Method
PublicationThis letter proposes a novel projection technique for accelerating Finite Element Method simulations. The algorithm is based on the Second-order Arnoldi Method for Passive Order Reduction (SAPOR). It involves generation of two projection bases and thanks to this it is applicable to the systems of equations, which contain the quadratic frequency-dependence in the input term, that arise when projection is applied locally in the selected...
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Low-Cost Surrogate Models for Microwave Filters
PublicationA novel low-cost kriging-based multivariable parametric macromodeling technique for microwave filters is presented. Kriging is used to model both the residues and poles of a microwave filter's reflection coefficient, and the zeros of the transmission coefficient. The proposed residue-pole-zero (RPZ) technique is demonstrated to efficiently model a high dimensional (8D) microwave filter with pseudoelliptic characteristics.
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Design of Microwave-Based Angular Displacement Sensor
PublicationThis letter presents a novel microwave-based rotation sensor having a wide dynamic range to detect and measure the angular displacement in terms of the change in resonant frequency. The proposed sensor is based on the microstrip technology, where a rotor comprised of a complementary splitring resonator (CSRR) placed on the ground plane of the microstrip line is free to rotate around its axis. The mechanical rotation of CSRR determines...
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Rapid multi-objective simulation-driven design of compact microwave circuits
PublicationA methodology for rapid multi-objective design of compact microwave circuits is proposed. Our approach exploits point-by-point Pareto set identification using surrogate-based optimization techniques, auxiliary equivalent circuit models, and space mapping as the major model correction method. The proposed technique is illustrated and validated through the design of a compact rat-race coupler. A set of ten designs being trade-offs...
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Fast Full-Wave Multilevel Zero-Pole Optimization of Microwave Filters
PublicationA new concept is proposed for the full-wave computer-aided design of microwave filters. The method consists of two stages and operates on the zeros and poles of the transfer function and their derivatives. These quantities are evaluated from the response computed by a full-wave electromagnetic solver with two levels of accuracy. The two stages make use of different models that are optimized using a low-accuracy electromagnetic...
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A Goal-Oriented Error Estimator for Reduced Basis Method Modeling of Microwave Devices
PublicationThis letter proposes a novel a-posteriori error estimator suitable for the reduced order modeling of microwave circuits. Unlike the existing error estimators based on impedance function residuals, the new one exploits the residual error associated with the computation of the scattering matrix. The estimator can be effectively used in the Reduced Basis Method (RBM) to automatically generate reduced-order models. The results of numerical...
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A Multifunctional Microwave Filter/Sensor Component Using a Split Ring Resonator Loaded Transmission Line
PublicationThis research is focused on the design and realiza2 tion of a microwave component with multifunctional filter/sensor 3 operation using a resonator-loaded transmission line (TL). It is 4 shown that while the structure acts as a bandstop filter, the 5 phase of the reflection coefficient from the loading resonator(s) 6 on a movable layer can be used for displacement sensing, thus 7 allowing for combining filtering with sensing in...
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A Novel Modal Technique for Time and Frequency Domain Analysis of Waveguide Components
PublicationW pracy zaprezentowano, nową i szybką metodę analizy komponentów falowodowych. Metoda opiera się na kombinacji metody różnic skończonych, metody dekompozycji dziedziny obliczeniowej, redukcji rzędu modelu oraz dyskretnych rozwinięć funkcyjnych. Przedstawiona technika pozwala na skrócenie czasu analizy układu nawet o dwa rzędy wielkości w stosunku do poprzednich algorytmów.
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Design of Microwave Lossy Filter Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)
PublicationIn this letter, we propose a lossy three-pole Chebyshev filter centered at 5.15 GHz, based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with scattering characteristics shifted down by 5.68 dB. The filter is composed of three directly coupled SIW cavities with three lossy couplings between nonadjacent resonators. These additional couplings are realized using mixed coupled slot and microstrip lines connected with metal electrode leadless...
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Zero-Pole Electromagnetic Optimization
PublicationA fast technique for the full-wave optimization of transmission or reflection properties of general linear timeinvariant high-frequency components is proposed. The method is based on the zeros and poles of the rational function representing the scattering parameters of the device being designed and it is the generalization of the technique developed for the design by optimization of microwave filters. The performance of the proposed...
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Zero-Pole Space Mapping for CAD of Filters
PublicationIn this paper, we propose a new space-mapping technique tailored to the CAD of microwave filters. The goal of space mapping is to achieve a satisfactory design with the minimal number of fine model evaluations. In our approach, the filter is represented by a rational function. To quickly align the coarse and fine models, and to speed up the direct optimization of the coarse model, we propose matching the zeros and poles of a rational...
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Fast EM-driven optimization using variable-fidelity EM models and adjoint sensitivities
PublicationA robust and computationally efficient technique for microwave design optimization is presented. Our approach exploits variable-fidelity electromagnetic (EM) simulation models and adjoint sensitivities. The low-fidelity EM model correction is realized by means of space mapping (SM). In the optimization process, the SM parameters are optimized together with the design itself, which allows us to keep the number...
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A Trisection Filter Design With Negative Slope of Frequency-Dependent Crosscoupling Implemented in Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)
PublicationThis letter reports on a novel realization of a microwave bandpass filter in a triplet configuration with a frequency-dependent crosscoupling implemented in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The design involves implementing dispersive coupling with a negative slope, a feature that allows the capabilities of the classic triplet topology to be extended. In this particular case, the implementation of two transmission zeros on...
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A Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Bandpass Filter in A Box Configuration With Frequency-Dependent Coupling
PublicationThis letter presents the design of a microwave bandpass filter with frequency-dependent coupling implemented in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The proposed filter implements a four-pole generalized Chebyshev filtering function with two transmission zeros. Resonators are arranged in an extended box configuration with dispersive coupling on a main signal path, which produces an extra zero in comparison to classical...
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A Linear Phase Filter in Quadruplet Topology With Frequency-Dependent Couplings
PublicationThis letter presents a design of a linear phase microwave bandpass filter. The filter is composed of four resonators arranged in the quadruplet topology. Making the cross and one direct coupling dispersive gives additional design flexibility. The first advantage of using frequency-dependent couplings is the possibility to chose an arbitrary location of a pair of complex transmission zeros (TZs) in the s-domain. The second one is...
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Synthesis of coupled lossy resonator filters.
PublicationA technique for fast synthesis of coupling matrix low-pass prototypes of generalized. Chebyshev bandpass filters with lossy resonators is presented in this letter. The coupling matrix is found by solving a nonlinear least squares problem based on zeros and poles of filter's transfer functions.
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Macromodeling of multiport systems using a fast implementation of the vector fitting method
PublicationMakromodelowanie układów wieloportowych przy użyciu vector fittingu jest czasochłonne oraz wymaga dużych zasobów obliczeniowych w przypadku gdy wszystkie elementy macierzy systemowej dzielą wspólne bieguny. Artykuł prezentuje stabilne rozwiązanie, które usuwa problem rzadkości macierzy poprzez zastosowanie bezpośrednie dekompozycje QR. Jako przykład przedstawiony został 60 portowy układ, który ilustruje oszczędność czasu potrzebnego...
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Analysis of single-ground-plane coplanar waveguide
PublicationW pracy przedstawion metodę analizy rodziny koplanarnych linii transmisyjnych z pojedynczym przewodem masy. Oryginalne, nie znane wcześniej wyniki modelowania numerycznego potwierdzone zostały dużą zgodnością z wynikami pomiarów wykonanych dla struktury falowodu koplanarnego z pojedynczym przewodem masy (SGP-CPW.
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Coupled-resonator filters with frequency-dependent couplings: coupling matrix synthesis
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