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Search results for: SOLARIS
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Bias-Dependent Dynamics of Degradation and Recovery in Perovskite Solar Cells
PublicationDegradation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is often found to be partially or fully reversible when the cells are allowed to recover in the dark. Unlike the dynamics of degradation, knowledge about the dynamics of PSC cell recovery is very limited. Here, we demonstrate that the PSC recovery strongly depends on the electrical bias conditions during the light-induced degradation and that it can be manipulated by applying an external...
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The effect of temperature on the power drop in crystalline silicon solar cells
PublicationPrzedstawiono wpływ temperatury i długości fali zaabsorbowanego promieniowania na parametry elektryczne krzemowych ogniw i modułów fotowoltaicznych. Zaobserwowano spadek mocy wyjściowej (-0.65%/K), współczynnika wypełnienia charakterystyki FF (-0.2%/K) i sprawności konwersji (-0.08%/K) ze wzrostem temperatury. Zaprezentowano również charakterystykę spektralną napięcia otwartego obwodu dla ogniw krzemowych.
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Electrical properties of organic and perovskite systems used in solar cells
PublicationNowadays, a great progress in the areas of molecular and hybrid photovoltaics is observed. The devices based on organic and perovskite materials are getting attention mostly due to their low cost production process. However, their efficiency and stability are still lower than for inorganic materials which make them less popular. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the device physics is fundamental for organic and perovskite...
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Magnetic field effects in dye-sensitized and organic solar cells
PublicationThe charge recombination and exciton dissociation are generally recognized as the basic electronic processes limiting the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. The aim of this thesis is to understand the electronic processes limiting the operation of efficient solar cells with particular emphasis on the role of electronic states endowed with magnetic dipole moment. The research work is divided into two parts. The first part deals...
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Effects of stressful physico-chemical factors on the fitness of the plant pathogenic bacterium Dickeya solani
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Conditions for Multiple Acquisition of Echoes from Stationary Targets in Successive Transmissions of Active Sonars
PublicationIn echolocation, the highest possible number of contacts with a detected target is clearly decisive on the possibilities of echo processing to optimise the estimation of distinctive characteristics of the observed target. In hydrolocation, the slow propagation of acoustic waves in water reduces the number of contacts of echosounders and sonars with detected targets. The article considers model conditions for acquiring multiple...
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Analysis of higher recombination orders in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
PublicationRecently, it has been experimentally demonstrated that an order of nongeminate recombination exceeds two in some types of organic bulk heterojunction donor-acceptor structures. This result is different than for the case of bimolecular recombination described by Langevin theory. Although several theoretical explanations of this effect have been presented, the origin of higher recombination orders is still questionable. In this work,...
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High order of nongeminate recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
PublicationWe analyze high order of nongeminate recombination in organic donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction solar cells. The model of recombination where an exciton annihilates on an electron–hole Langevin bound pair near donor–acceptor interface has been applied in our studies. We obtained satisfactory agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculations for the concentration dependences of several parameters characterizing...
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Performance of the flat plate solar collector operated with water-Al2O3 nanofluid
PublicationThe paper discusses the effect of application of water-Al2O3 nanofluid, as a working fluid, on the efficiency of a flat plate solar collector. The mass concentration of nanoparticles was 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%. The tests were conducted for two values of radiation of about 1050 W/m2 and 400 W/m2, and volume flow rates of 60 l/h, 120 l/h and 170 l/h. The efficiency was calculated according to recommendations of the Polish Standard....
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Theoretical reconstruction of the Solar Altar in the Templeof Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari
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The low energy house using an air solar collector - a case study
PublicationCelem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości ogrzewania i chłodzenia domu jednorodzinnego przy wykorzystaniu słonecznych kolektorów powietrznych. W analizie uwzględniono dom energooszczędny, którego wskaźnik sezonowego zapotrzebowania na ciepło wynosi 40kWh/m2/a. Do obliczeń przyjęto kolektory powietrzne dostępne na rynku o powierzchni 60m2 i wydajności wynoszącej 70%. W analizowanym budynku występuje prawie pełne pokrycie...
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Storing thermal energy from solar collectors for the needs of a detached house
PublicationThis work evaluates the possibility of meeting a single familu household's need for hot water and heat year round, using solar collectors as the sole energy sourse. The main flaw of energetic systems based on solar energy is that the energy supply is usually insufficient in winter, when it is most needed. This work is going to show thatm for a house surface of 150 m2 and base dimension of 10x10m, it is possible to supply sufficient...
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Temporal and spatial complementarity of wind and solar resources in Lower Silesia (Poland)
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Application of non-metal doped titania for inverted polymer solar cells
PublicationDomieszkowany jodem oraz domieszkowany jodem ditlenek tytanu uzyto jako warstwę buforową w ogniwie ITO/X-TiO2?P3HT-PCMB /MnO2/ Ag.Warswty X-TiO2 nalożono metodą spin-coatingu z zawiesiny nanocząstek w DMSO. Jednorodne struktury scharakteryzowane pod względem morfologii mikroskopowo metodą AFM. Charakterystyka prądowo-napięciowa urzdzeń wskazuje iż domieszkowany jodem TiO2 pozwala osiągnąć lepsze parametry PCE (1,67%) i prąd zwarcia...
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Recovery and re-use of photovoltaic solar cells from crystalline silicon
PublicationCrystalline silicon-type PV modules consist, in order of mass, of glass, an aluminium frame, an EVA coating, solar cells, a terminal box, back film and tapping screws. From the economic point of view, pure silicon, recoverable from spent cells, is the most important material owing to its cost and shortage. For crystalline, silicon-based PV cells, the following chemical treatments were performed: removal of the metal coating, followed...
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Comparison of s-factor according to SOLAS and SEM for ro-pax vessels
PublicationPokazano różnice pomiędzy mnożnikami s dla promów pasażerskich, obliczonych wg konwencji SOLAS oraz metody statycznej równoważności (SEM). Obliczenia wykonane dla promu ''Polonia'' i statku prostopadłościennego wskazują na cztery wnioski. 1) W wypadku małej stateczności, mnożniki s wg SOLAS są zdecydowanie mniejsze od s wg SEM, 2) im mniejsza stateczność, tym większe różnice między nimi, 3) konwencja SOLAS niedoszacowuje rzeczywiste...
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Outdoor I-V measurements of air-cooled silicon solar cell
PublicationStosując radiator aluminiowy i przpływ powietrza z obu stron krystalicznego krzemowego ogniwa słonecznego osiągnięto skuteczne odprowadzanie ciepła i schłodzenie do temperatury otoczenia. Nową metodą (przy oświetleniu ogniwa i mniejszym napięciu) wyznaczono rezystancję szeregową i współczynnik nieidealności mierzonej charakterystyki I-V.
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Performance of the flat plate solar collector operated with water-Al2O3 nanofluid
PublicationThis paper shows the experimental results of the performance a flat plate solar collector with water-Al2O3 nanofluid as a working fluid. The weight fractions of nanoparticles were 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%. The volume flow rate of nanofluid varied from 60 l/h to 170 l/h. The results show that application of nanofluids instead of pure water resulted in higher efficiency of the tested flat plate solar collector for given range of thermal...
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Neural Networks in the Diagnostics Process of Low-Power Solar Plant Devices
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The photocurrent quantum efficiency dependence on the applied voltage in organic solar cells
PublicationWe demonstrate that our recently reported model (Szmytkowski 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 3352) of the photocurrent quantum efficiency in organic semiconductors explains the external quantum efficiency dependence on the electric field in organic solar cells. This effect can be explained by taking into account that the photogeneration of charge carriers occurs via the electron-hole pair dissociation and the space charge effects...
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An analysis of solar energy conversion systems based on photon and thermal processes
PublicationSolar spectral irradiance covers a fairly broad wavelength range. Solar radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is described by the concept of wave-particle duality. The corpuscular theory of electromagnetic radiation states that energy is transmitted by photons. Photons carry specific amounts of energy which can be used to convert solar energy into other types of energy, in particular electricity. The internal...
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Low frequency noise and DLTS as silicon solar cell characterization tools
PublicationPraca zawiera wyniki pomiarów DLTS próbek o powierzchni 1 mm2 krzemowych baterii słonecznych wykazujących znaczne niejednorodności wykryte za pomocą metody LBIV (Light Beam Induced Voltage). Wyniki pomiarów charakterystyk stałoprądowych oraz szumowych tych próbek zostały także przedstawione.
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Potential Application of Solar Energy Systems for Electrified Urban Transportation Systems
PublicationThe paper presents a novel approach toward the use of solar energy systems in public transportation. The concept of energy generation in PV systems for supplying a trolleybus transportation system is proposed for the city of Gdynia (Poland). The suggested way of energy production allows reducing the environmental harm impact of the municipal transportation system. Moreover, the proposed way of green energy use can be a more profitable...
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An Optimal Power Point Tracking Algorithm in a Solar PV Generation System
PublicationThe non-linearity in I-V characteristics of a PV panel requires to be operated at knee point to extract maximum power. In order to operate the panel at optimal point, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is employed in the control structure. The main objective of MPP tracking is to keep the operation at knee point of I-V characteristics under varying condition of temperature and solar insolation. Under non uniform solar...
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Role of surface recombination in perovskite solar cells at the interface of HTL/CH3NH3PbI3
PublicationIn order to achieve the highest performance of organometal trihalide perovskite solar cells, it is required to recognize the dominant mechanisms which play a key role in a perovskite material. In the following studies, we have focused on the interfacial recombination between the hole transporting layer (HTL) and the perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 in solar cell devices with p–i–n architecture. It has been shown that Cu:NiOx : used as HTL...
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Effect of temperature on dark current characteristics of silicon solar cells and diodes
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono analizę wpływu zmian temperatury na ciemne charakterystyki prądowo-napięciowe ogniw fotowoltaicznych i diod z monokrystalicznego krzemu. Badania eksperymentalne przeprowadzono w zakresie temperatur od 295 do 373 K. W celu wyznaczenia wartości rezystancji szeregowej wyznaczono szereg ciemnych charakterystyk I-U. Stwierdzono, że rezystancja szeregowa rośnie wraz ze wzrostem temperatury 0,65% /K i dlatego...
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Lon Protease Is Important for Growth under Stressful Conditions and Pathogenicity of the Phytopathogen, Bacterium Dickeya solani
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Research into GTA automatic soft soldering technology for solar energy collector components
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Four-body recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells: an alternative interpretation
PublicationWe demonstrate a new interpretation of the previously reported quadrimolecular recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. It is suggested that the recently described (Szmytkowski 2012 Phys. Status Solidi RRL 6 300) interaction between exciton and electron–hole Langevin bound pair formed across the donor–acceptor interface is a four-particle process. This is in opposition to the treatment of this effect as a three-particle...
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Spray-deposited carbon-nanotube counter-electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
PublicationCarbon nanotubes due to their catalytic properties are a promising alternative to platinum counter electrodes (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). In this study, counter electrodes were made from double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) ink using the spray printing technique and afterwards they were thermally treated at temperatures ranging from 120 to 300 °C. Morphology and structure was studied using scanning electron microscopy...
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Estimation of Solar Energy Influx to the Sea in the Light of Fast Satellite Technique Development
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Spray deposited carbon nanotubes counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
PublicationCarbon nanotubes due to their catalytic properties are a promising alternative to platinum counter electrodes (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). In this study, counter electrodes were made from double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) ink using the spray printing technique and afterwards thermally treated at temperatures ranging from 120 to 300 °C. Morphology and structure was studied using scanning electron microscopy and...
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Operational Properties Investigation of The Flat-Plate Solar Collector with Poliuretane Foam Insulation
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Modeling of TiO2-Based Electron-Selective Contacts for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
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Examination of the Effect of Selected Factors on the Photovoltaic Response of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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Wind and Solar Power Plant End-of-Life Equipment: Prospects for Management in Ukraine
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Chemical, thermal and laser processes in recycling of photovoltaic silicon solar cells and modules
PublicationIn recent years, photovoltaic power generation systems have been gaining unprecedented attention as an environmentally beneficial method to solve the energy problem. From the economic point of view the pure silicon, which can be recapture from the used cells, is the most important material due to its cost and shortage. In the paper selected methods of used or damaged module and cells recycling and experimental results are presented....
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Photocatalytic water disinfection under the artificial solar light by fructose-modified TiO2
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Photocatalytic Water Disinfection under Solar Irradiation by d-Glucose-Modified Titania
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Temperature effect on the current-voltage characteristic fill factor for the silicon solar cells
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono badania wpływu temperatury pracy krzemowych ogniw fotowoltaicznych na wartość współczynnika wypełnienia charakterystyki prądowo- napięciowej (FF). Efekty dyfuzyjne w obszarze złącza oraz rekombinacja nośników ładunku ograniczają wartość współczynnika wypełnienia charakterystyki. Spadek tej wartości wynika głównie ze wzrostu wartości rezystancji szeregowej rs. Na rezystancję szeregową składają się: opór emitera...
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Exploring the interfacial effects at the ETL/perovskite boundary in the semitransparent perovskite solar cells
PublicationThe recent focus has been made on the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted configuration, where substantial improvements have been already achieved. However, the p–i–n structure needs a buffer layer for most of the configurations to modify the work-function of a deposited electrode. Additionally and very importantly, such a layer can also serve as a protective film that improves a stability of solar cells. Here, we study...
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Influence of excitons interaction with charge carriers on photovoltaic parameters in organic solar cells
PublicationWe report on theoretical analysis of excitons annihilation on charge carriers in organic solar cells. Numerical calculations based on transient one-dimensional drift-diffusion model have been carried out. An impact of three quantities (an annihilation rate constant, an exciton mobility and a recombination reduction factor) on current density and concentrations of charge carriers and excitons is investigated. Finally, we discuss...
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Risk of power cables insulation failure due to the thermal effect of solar radiation
PublicationLow-voltage, as well as high-voltage power cable lines, are usually buried in the ground. The ampacity of the power cables in the ground mainly depends on the thermal resistivity of the soil, which may vary in a wide range. A common practice in power cable systems performance is to supply them from a pole of an overhead line. If so, a section of the line is located in free air and can be directly exposed to solar radiation. In...
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Photovoltaic solar cells and modules as the source of electricity in the world and its future in Poland
PublicationJedną z metod ograniczenia emisji CO2 na świecie i w Polsce jest zastępowanie paliw kopalnych odnawialnymi źródłami energii. Systemy fotowoltaiczne, generujące energie elektryczną, są uważane za technologię wpisująca się w politykę zrównoważonego rozwoju dzięki znacznemu postępowi technologicznemu w zakresie ich wytwarzania i znacznej redukcji kosztów tych systemów.W artykule naświetlono postęp, jaki dokonał się w tej dziedzinie...
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Doppler effect in the CW FM sonar
PublicationWhen sonars are used for military purposes they have to ensure unobtrusive operation, a feature that can be potentially secured by 'silent sonar' or continuous wave frequency modulation sonars (CW FM sonars). The article presents how these sonars operate and identifies the relations between their parameters. The Doppler effect and its impact on the CW FM sonar are studied to identify how it affects the sonar's parameters. The results...
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Phyloproteomic study by MALDI-TOF MS in view of intraspecies variation in a significant homogenous phytopathogen Dickeya solani
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Magnetic field effects in dye-sensitized solar cells controlled by different cell architecture
PublicationThe charge recombination and exciton dissociation are generally recognized as the basic electronic processes limiting the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. In this work, we propose a detailed mechanism of photocurrent generation in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) examined by magnetic field effect (MFE) technique. Here we demonstrate that the magnitude of the MFE on photocurrent in DSSCs can be controlled by the radius and...
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Testing of PTA automatic braze-welding technology for producing absorber joints of solar collectors
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Technology of braze welding absorber tubes to copper foil in solar collectors by the GTA method
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1/f noise as a diagnostic tool for non-destructive testing of silicon solar cells
PublicationPrzeprowadzono badania eksperymentalne charakterystyk statycznych i szumowych krzemowych ogniw słonecznych. Wyniki wykazują możliwość wykorzystania szumu 1/f jako narzędzia diagnostycznego w testach nieniszczacych tych przyrzadów.