Search results for: RAKE - Bridge of Knowledge

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Search results for: RAKE

Search results for: RAKE

  • Changing by light - how the lighting of intelligent spaces can influence the urban image

    Publication

    - Year 2012

    In the article light will be presented as a tool in the process of transforming the urban space. The reason for this use of light is the commercial aspect of space that forces it to be still competitive and profitable. Such a need gives rise to many innovative solutions in the city space, which allow transmitting information in order to attract human attention, and sometimes make it even possible to involve the user in the interaction...

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  • Comparative study of operation of condensing and traditional boilers equipped with the ORC module for electricity generation

    Publication

    - EPJ Web of Conferences - Year 2017

    Condensing technology applied to boilers is to make full use of thermal energy contained in the fuel. That means that additionaly the heat from condensation of exhaust gases can be used for the purposes of heating the domestic hot water and to cover the demand for central heating. The study analyzed the operation of the "traditional" boiler equipped with the ORC module as the similar arrangement but with the condensing boiler....

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  • A large family of filled skutterudites stabilized by electron count

    Publication
    • H. Luo
    • J. Krizan
    • L. Muechler
    • N. Haldolaarachchige
    • T. Klimczuk
    • W. Xie
    • M. Fuccillo
    • C. Felser
    • R. J. Cava

    - Nature Communications - Year 2015

    The Zintl concept is important in solid-state chemistry to explain how some compounds that combine electropositive and main group elements can be stable at formulas that at their simplest level do not make any sense. The electronegative elements in such compounds form a polyatomic electron-accepting molecule inside the solid, a ‘polyanion’, that fills its available energy states with electrons from the electropositive elements...

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  • Jacek Krenz : City in my eyes

    Publication

    - Year 2015

    Sketch City: Tips and Inspiration for Drawing on Location is the companion for any creative traveler, urban explorer, or budding artist. 50 artists scattered around the globe have been brought together to share tips about their favorite urban settings, including locations in South America, Europe, Canada, Asia, and beyond. Citified sketchers are guiding through techniques for capturing frenetic street scenes as well as the rare...

  • Polyurethanes

    Publication

    - Year 2021

    Handbook of Thermoset Plastics, Fourth Edition provides complete coverage of the chemical processes, manufacturing techniques and design properties of each polymer, along with its applications. This new edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in the field, with new chapters on radiation curing, biological adhesives, vitrimers, and 3D printing. This detailed handbook considers the practical implications of using...

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  • Zagadnienia tribologiczne w hamulcu silnika hydraulicznego

    Publication

    - Year 2018

    Przedmiotem badań był prototypowy hamulec cierny wielopłytkowy do silnika satelitowego SM-0,6 o teoretycznej objętości roboczej 16,7 cm3/obr. Hamulec ten zbudowany był z 27 tarcz ciernych wykonanych z materiału TOLOX oraz z pakietu sprężyn talerzowych zamontowanych w układzie X. Zablokowanie hamulca następuje w skutek siły docisku pakietu sprężyn talerzowych płytek ciernych co następuje w chwili spadku ciśnienia w komorze tłoka...

  • Enhanced electrochemical activity of boron-doped nanocarbon functionalized reticulated vitreous carbon structures for water treatment applications

    An extraordinary charge transfer kinetics and chemical stability make a boron-doped diamond (BDD) a prom- ising material for electrochemical applications including wastewater treatment. Yet, with flat geometrical sur- faces its scaling options are limited. In this study, the reticulated Vitreous Carbon (RVC) served as a substrate for boron-doped diamondized nanocarbons (BDNC) film growth resulting with complex heterogeneity carbon structures...

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  • Receptor for advanced glycation end‐products: Biological significance and imaging applications

    Publication
    • I. T. Dobrucki
    • A. Miskalis
    • M. B. Nelappana
    • C. C. Applegate
    • M. Woźniak
    • A. Czerwinski
    • L. Kalinowski
    • L. W. Dobrucki

    - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology - Year 2024

    The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE or AGER) is a transmembrane, immunoglobulin-like receptor that, due to its multiple isoform structures, binds to a diverse range of endo- and exogenous ligands. RAGE activation caused by the ligand binding initiates a cascade of complex pathways associated with producing free radicals, such as reactive nitric oxide and oxygen species, cell proliferation, and immunoinflammatory...

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  • Dariusz Mikielewicz prof. dr hab. inż.

    Professor Dariusz Mikielewicz – born on February 6, 1967. in Gdansk. Here in 1974 he enrolled first to the Elementary School No. 17, and then in the Grammar School No. 5, named after Stefan Żeromski in Gdansk-Oliwa. After graduating from the Secondary School, with honors, in 1985 he successfully passed the entrance exams to the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Technical University of Gdansk, where he graduated with a very good...

  • Simulation of signal acquisition from a rotary flowmeter

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The dataset contains results of simulation measuring the flow of homogeneous substances by rotational flow meter: a moment of impulse at the output of flow meter, time between successive pulses, number of pulses counted from standard generator and relative error of measurement.

  • Corporate tax rates (2000-2019) - Greece

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Over the past twenty years, Greece has changed the statutory corporate tax rate, which in 2000 was 40%. The 2008 tax reform provided for a gradual reduction of the rate by 1% annually over the period 2010-2014 (from 25% to 20%). This dataset contains data on CIT rates in Greece.

  • The forecasts-based instrument rule and decision making. How closely interlinked? The case of Sweden

    Research background: The Central Bank of Sweden declared in years 1999–2006 the implementation of the Svensson’s concept of inflation forecast targeting (IFT). It means that the repo rate decision-making process depends on the inflation forecasts. The concept evolved from the strict IFT with the decision-making algorithm called ‘the rule of thumb’ to the flexible IFT. Purpose of the article: The aim of...

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  • IRR (Irianian Rial) in comparison to the USD (IRR/USD)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Current problem of the Iranian economy is unstable exchange rate of Iranian currency Rial (IRR) to the US dollar (USD). Exchange rate was maintained at about 10-12 thousand IRR for 1 USD. However, the impact of sanctions depreciated Rial dramatically. In July 2013, the price of IRR has been reduced from 12 200 to 24 980 IRR/USD. At the same time, the...

  • Analysis of unsteady flow forces on the thermowell of steam temperature sensor

    Publication
    • S. Kornet
    • D. Sławiński
    • P. Ziółkowski
    • J. Badur

    - Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery - Year 2015

    In this paper, 3D numerical analysis of unsteady flow forces acting on the measuring sheath of steam temperature is presented. According to that purpose, the CFD (Computation Fluid Dynamic [1]) approach has been used. The nonstationary of fluid acting on the measuring sheath such as: Strouhal frequency, amplitude of pressure, structure of vortex, peak of pressure, field of pressure, field of velocity etc. are studied analytically...

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  • Jumping Wave Characteristic during Low Plasticity Burnishing Process

    Publication

    During the low plasticity burnishing process of soft materials such as carbon steel with a hardness of up to 40 HRC (Rockwell grade) a raised structure of the material known as the Jumping Wave forms in front of the tool roll. This phenomenon significantly disturbs the burnishing process, but is very poorly described in the literature. This article presents studies of this phenomenon on the example of burnished 1.0562 steel. The...

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  • Real estate investment trusts in Turkey: Structure, analysis, and strategy

    Publication

    - Journal of Business, Economics and Finance - Year 2017

    Purpose-Aim of this study is to make the determinations related to the problems mentioned in the REIT sector in Turkey, to offer a solution for this issue, and to ensure the classification in the sector by adhering to the financial data of the REITsMethodology-Financial data set of the REITs was firstly standardized by using median instead of mean. Then, the scoring was performed according to defined coefficients....

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  • Sabina Szymczak dr inż.

    I am a Research & Teaching Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Management and Economics at Gdańsk University of Technology (GdanskTech). Currently I am a member of the Department of Statistics and Econometrics. I got my PhD degree in Economics from Faculty of Management and Economics at GdanskTech. I got my M. Sc. degree in Mathematics and my B. Eng. degree in Technical Physics (Specialization: Applied Computer Science) both...

  • Proceeds from value added tax to the state budget as a percentage of the revenues (2010-2014)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    From 1 January 2011, there was a general increase in the rates of tax on goods and services. According to the assumptions, it was temporary, and the amended regulations were to apply until the end of 2013. However, due to government policy, the rate hike was maintained. The changes introduced in 2010 concerned the basic and reduced rates - they were...

  • Personal income tax - tax scales in 1992–2019

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The tax rate is the ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) at which a business or person is taxed. There are several methods used to present a tax rate: statory, average, marginal, and effective. These rates can also be presented using different definitions applied to a tax base: inclusive and exclusive.

  • Big Data i 5V – nowe wyzwania w świecie danych (Big Data and 5V – New Challenges in the World of Data)

    Publication

    - Year 2014

    Rodzaje danych, składające się na zbiory typu Big Data, to m.in. dane generowane przez użytkowników portali internetowych, dane opisujące transakcje dokonywane poprzez Internet, dane naukowe (biologiczne, astronomiczne, pomiary fizyczne itp.), dane generowane przez roboty w wyniku automatycznego przeszukiwania przez nie Internetu (Web mining, Web crawling), dane grafowe obrazujące powiązania pomiędzy stronami WWW itd. Zazwyczaj,...

  • Molecularly targeted nanoparticles: an emerging tool for evaluation of expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in a murine model of peripheral artery disease

    Publication
    • M. Woźniak
    • C. J. Konopka
    • A. Płoska
    • J. Hendhli
    • A. Siekierzycka
    • M. Banach
    • R. Bartoszewski
    • L. W. Dobrucki
    • L. Kalinowski
    • I. T. Dobrucki

    - CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - Year 2021

    Abstract Background: Molecular imaging with molecularly targeted probes is a powerful tool for studying the spatio-temporal interactions between complex biological processes. The pivotal role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in numerous pathological processes, aroused the demand for RAGE targeted imaging in various diseases. In the study, we evaluated the use of a diagnostic imaging agent for RAGE quantification...

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  • Provisioning Concepts for the Future Internet IIP Initiative

    Publication
    • P. Chołda
    • J. Gozdecki
    • M. Kantor
    • M. Wielgosz
    • A. R. Pach
    • K. Wajda
    • J. Rak

    - Year 2011

    Artykuł prezentuje strategię wymiarowania zasobów sieci dla architektury Internetu Przyszłości zwanego Systemem IIP. Opisuje również relację zasad wymiarowania sieci w odniesieniu do metod zarządzania siecią. Opisane są dwie proponowane metody wymiarowania wraz niezbędnymi danymi wejściowymi. Pierwsze podejście stanowi problem optymalizacyjny z funkcją celu minimalizacji całkowitego poboru mocy. Drugie rozwiązanie bazuje na podejściu...

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  • Networks 2010 Conference in Warsaw, Poland

    Publication
    • M. Pióro
    • J. Rak
    • K. Szczypiorski

    - IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE - Year 2011

    Artykuł sprawozdawczy z konferencji.

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  • Networks for the e-Society

    Publication
    • M. Pióro
    • J. Rak
    • K. Szczypiorski

    - TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - Year 2011

    Słowo wstępne numeru specjalnego czasopisma Telecommunication Systems Journal

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  • Practical issues for the implementation of survivability and recovery techniques in optical networks

    Publication
    • G. Ellinas
    • D. Papadimitriou
    • J. Rak
    • D. Staessens
    • J. P. Sterbenz
    • K. Walkowiak

    - Optical Switching and Networking - Year 2014

    Failures in optical networks are inevitable. They may occur during work being done for the maintenance of other infrastructures, or on a larger scale as the result of an attack or large-scale disaster. As a result, service availability, an important aspect of Quality of Service (QoS), is often degraded. Appropriate fault recovery techniques are thus crucial to meet the requirements set by the Service Level Agreements (SLAs) between...

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  • Metaheuristic algorithms for optimization of resilient overlay computing systems

    Publication
    • K. Walkowiak
    • W. Charewicz
    • M. Donajski
    • J. Rak

    - Logic journal of the IGPL - Year 2014

    The idea of distributed computing systems has been gaining much interest in recent years owing to the growing amount of data to be processed for both industrial and academic purposes. However, similar to other systems, also distributed computing systems are vulnerable to failures. Due to strict QoS requirements, survivability guarantees are necessary for provisioning of uninterrupted service. In this article, we focus on reliability...

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  • ICUMT 2011 Congress in Budapest, Hungary

    Publication
    • T. Cinkler
    • Y. Koucheryavy
    • P. Nagy
    • J. Rak
    • A. Vinel

    - IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE - Year 2012

    artykuł sprawozdawczy z konferencji

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  • 3rd International Workshop on Reliable Networks Design and Modeling (RNDM 2011)

    Publication
    • J. Rak
    • B. Jaumard
    • R. Wessaely

    - IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE - Year 2012

    artykuł sprawozdawczy z konferencji

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  • Integracja systemu zarządzania z modułem wymiarowania zasobów w Systemie IIP

    Publication
    • J. Granat
    • J. Bielecki
    • W. Szymak
    • K. Wajda
    • J. Gozdecki
    • M. Kantor
    • J. Rak

    - Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne - Year 2012

    Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie współpracy dwuetapowego wymiarowania z systemem zarządzania na poziomie warstw L1 i L2 architektury Systemu IIP. Omówiono zadania systemu zarządzania oraz modułu wymiarowania, zrealizowane algorytmy optymalizacyjne oraz uniwersalne styki z systemem zarządzania oraz Równoległymi Internetami.

  • A Flexible Provisioning Module Optimizing Utilization of Resources for the Future Internet IIP Initiative

    Publication
    • J. Gozdecki
    • M. Kantor
    • K. Wajda
    • J. Rak

    - Year 2012

    W artykule zaprezentowano aspekty projektowania i implementacji modułu wymiarowania zasobów sieci zaproponowanego w ramach projektu Inżynieria Internetu Przyszłości. W szczególności, wprowadzone zostały modele programowania liniowego wymiarowania zasobów sieci mające na celu minimalizację poziomu wykorzystania tychże zasobów, jak i maksymalizację nieprzydzielonej przepustowości. W dalszej części artykułu dokonano oceny charakterystyk...

  • Specyfikacja i implementacja modułu wymiarowania zasobów w Systemie IIP

    Publication
    • K. Wajda
    • J. Gozdecki
    • M. Kantor
    • J. Rak

    - Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne - Year 2012

    Artykuł zawiera opis specyfikacji oraz implementacji modułu wymiarowania zasobów działającego w warstwach L1 i L2 architektury Systemu IIP. Omówiono zadania modułu wymiarowania, zdefiniowano styki z systemem zarządzania oraz Równoległymi Internetami, jak również zaproponowano algorytmy optymalizacyjne oraz przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki działania tych algorytmów.

  • A Novel Reliable Routing Scheme for VANETs

    Publication

    - Year 2012

    Sieci bezprzewodowej transmisji informacji bazujące na rodzinie standardów 802.11, zastosowane w przypadku komunikacji między pojazdami (VANET), mogą istotnie przyczynić się do poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego. Z uwagi na wysoki stopień mobilności pojazdów, dobór tras w sieciach VANET jest problemem trudnym, zwłaszcza w przypadku transmisji wieloskokowej. Rozwiązania dostępne w literaturze ukierunkowane na poprawę dostępności...

  • Design and modeling of reliable networks

    Publication
    • J. Rak
    • B. Jaumard
    • R. Wessaely

    - TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - Year 2014

    -

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  • Methods for physical impairment constrained routing with selected protection in all-optical networks

    Publication
    • P. Soproni
    • T. Cinkler
    • J. Rak

    - TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - Year 2014

    In this paper, we investigate the problem of survivable all-optical routing in WDM networks with physical impairments. One of the recent key issues in survivable optical network design refers to maximization of the ratio of routeable demands while keeping the overall network cost low. In WDM networks, this goal can be achieved by routing as many demands in all-optical way as possible. Based on the latest technical trends driven...

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  • Specyfikacja i implementacja modułu wymiarowania zasobów w Systemie IIP

    Publication
    • K. Wajda
    • M. Kantor
    • J. Gozdecki
    • J. Rak

    - Year 2013

    Artykuł zawiera opis specyfikacji oraz implementacji modułu wymiarowania zasobów działającego w warstwach L1 i L2 architektury Systemu IIP. Omówiono zadania modułu wymiarowania, zdefiniowano styki z systemem zarządzania oraz Równoległymi Internetami, jak również zaproponowano algorytmy optymalizacyjne oraz przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki działania tych algorytmów.

  • Współpraca systemu zarządzania z modułem wymiarowania zasobów w Systemie IIP

    Publication
    • J. Granat
    • J. Bielecki
    • W. Szymak
    • K. Wajda
    • M. Kantor
    • J. Gozdecki
    • J. Rak

    - Year 2013

    Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie współpracy dwuetapowego wymiarowania z systemem zarządzania na poziomie warstw L1 i L2 architektury Systemu IIP. Omówiono zadania systemu zarządzania oraz modułu wymiarowania, zrealizowane algorytmy optymalizacji oraz uniwersalne styki z systemem zarządzania oraz Równoległymi Internetami.

  • Optymalizacja przepływów anycast oraz unicast w przeżywalnych sieciach komputerowych z wykorzystaniem algorytmu Tabu Search

    Publication
    • P. Delebis
    • W. Kmiecik
    • K. Walkowiak
    • J. Rak

    - Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne - Year 2013

    Optymalne wykorzystanie dostępnych zasobów sieciowych, przepustowości łączy, a także zapewnienie przeżywalności nabiera coraz większego znaczenia ze względu na fakt, iż wszystkie istotne gałęzie gospodarki i codziennego życia, takie jak m.in. bankowość, służby ratunkowe, edukacja, w szerokim stopniu uzależnione są od różnego rodzaju usług sieciowych. Przeżywalność zapewniana poprzez generowanie dwóch rozłącznych ścieżek jest techniką...

  • Rozszerzenia modułu wymiarowania zasobów w Systemie IIP

    Publication

    Artykuł zawiera opis końcowej specyfikacji oraz implementacji modułu wymiarowania zasobów działającego w warstwach L1 i L2 architektury Systemu IIP. Przedstawiono zadania modułu wymiarowania, określono warunki współpracy z systemem zarządzania oraz Równoległymi Internetami (RI). Opisano przygotowane algorytmy wymiarowania w postaci algorytmów optymalizacyjnych LP. Dodatkowo określono warunki działania modułu wymiarowania przy inicjowaniu...

  • Fourth International Workshop on Reliable Networks Design and Modeling (RNDM 2012)

    Publication
    • J. Rak
    • M. Pickavet
    • H. Yoshino

    - IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE - Year 2012

    artykuł sprawozdawczy z konferencji

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  • Selective Protection for All-Optical Physical Impairment Constrained Routing

    Publication
    • P. Soproni
    • T. Cinkler
    • J. Rak

    - Year 2011

    W przypadku sieci optycznych, zauważalna jest obecnie tendencja dążenia do transmisji całowicie optycznej (tz. bez konwersji O/E/O w węzłach tranzytowych). Jednakże w niedalekiej przyszłości, z uwagi na techniczne ograniczenia, niemożliwa będzie obsługa całości ruchu wyłącznie w dziedzinie optycznej. Operatorzy będą więc zainteresowani oferowaniem rozwiązań przejściowych implikujących przełączanie w dziedzinie optycznej jedynie...

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  • Optimization issues in distributed computing systems design

    Publication

    - Year 2014

    In recent years, we observe a growing interest focused on distributed computing systems. Both industry and academia require increasing computational power to process and analyze large amount of data, including significant areas like analysis of medical data, earthquake, or weather forecast. Since distributed computing systems – similar to computer networks – are vulnerable to failures, survivability mechanisms are indispensable...

  • Protection in elastic optical networks

    Publication
    • R. Goścień
    • K. Walkowiak
    • M. Klinkowski
    • J. Rak

    - IEEE NETWORK - Year 2015

    In this article, we analyze gains resulting from the use of EON architectures with special focus on transportation of cloud-ready and content-oriented traffic in the context of network resilience. EONs are a promising approach for future optical transport networks and, apart from improving the network spectral efficiency, bring such new capabilities as squeezed protection, which reduces resource requirements in failure scenarios....

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  • Methods of Network Resource Provisioning for the Future Internet IIP Initiative

    Publication
    • J. Gozdecki
    • M. Kantor
    • K. Wajda
    • J. Rak

    - TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - Year 2016

    In this paper, we present specification, design and implementation aspects of a network resource provisioning module introduced for the Polish Initiative of Future Internet called System IIP. In particular, we propose a set of novel LP optimization models of network resource provisioning designed to minimize the network resource consumption, either bandwidth or node’s computational power, as well as to maximize the residual capacity....

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  • Future research directions in design of reliable communication systems

    Publication
    • J. Rak
    • M. Pickavet
    • K. S. Trivedi
    • J. A. Lopez
    • A. M. C. A. Koster
    • J. P. Sterbenz
    • E. Çetinkaya
    • T. Gomes
    • M. Gunkel
    • K. Walkowiak
    • D. Staessens

    - TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - Year 2015

    In this position paper on reliable networks, we discuss new trends in the design of reliable communication systems. We focus on a wide range of research directions including protection against software failures as well as failures of communication systems equipment. In particular, we outline future research trends in software failure mitigation, reliability of wireless communications, robust optimization and network design, multilevel...

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  • Ryszard Staniszewski PhD, DSc

    People

    Absolwent Technikum Energetycznego w Poznaniu (1988 r.) oraz Wydziału Melioracji i Inżynierii Środowiska AR Poznań (1994 r.). Przebieg pracy zawodowej: 2019; Katedra Ekologii i Ochrony Środowiska, UP w Poznaniu; profesor UPP 2015; Katedra Ekologii i Ochrony Środowiska, UP w Poznaniu; adiunkt z habilitacją 2002; Katedra Ekologii i Ochrony Środowiska, UP w Poznaniu; adiunkt 1996; Katedra Ekologii i Ochrony Środowiska Rolniczego,...

  • Theory of Urban Design

    e-Learning Courses
    • M. Delso Páez
    • J. Breś
    • K. Krośnicka

    The aim of the course is to understand the complexity of the process of functioning and development of cities, including: -city hierarchical spatial  models (morphology) and functional structure on models (the hierarchy of services and public spaces) -networks and systems that make up the city (environmental system, technical and social infrastructure) -role and importance of the district/neighbourhood in the structure of the...

  • New Materiality-towards ‘Media Environments

    Article presents media solutions providing new materiality of architectural spaces. Media solutions in architecture evolve in new forms. Articlepresentsboth the developmentof new technological solutionsas well as new ways of application of media solutions in relation toarchitectural form. The aim of the article is to show technical aspects of new materiality - intelligent materials, allowing transmission of changeable visual content...

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  • Improved-Efficacy Optimization of Compact Microwave Passives by Means of Frequency-Related Regularization

    Electromagnetic (EM)-driven optimization is an important part of microwave design, especially for miniaturized components where the cross-coupling effects in tightly arranged layouts make traditional (e.g., equivalent network) representations grossly inaccurate. Efficient parameter tuning requires reasonably good initial designs, which are difficult to be rendered for newly developed structures or when re-design for different operating...

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  • Changes in school enrollment in 1990-2011 (higher ducation)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The measure of the universality of education are the enrollment rates. Over the past years, enrollment rates in higher education have more than quadrupled. The gross enrollment rate increased from 12.9% in the academic year 1990/1991 to 53.8% in the academic year 2010/2011, and net - from 9.8% to 40.8%, respectively. The gross enrollment rate is the...

  • Percentage of the population over 65 in selected EU countries in 2006 and 2017

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Until the mid-1980s, Poland belonged to the group of countries with a high dynamics of population growth, reaching 0.9% annually. The average value of the population growth dynamics in the 1980s was 0.66%. From the beginning of this century, the growth rate has taken negative values ​​and in the years 2000-2014 it amounted to an annual average of -0.03%.