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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: decentralization, public finances, local government autonomy, public expenditure, public revenue, european union
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Tax discount for children deducted from income in selected EU countries, available according to the criterion of the number of children (in EUR) in 2017
Dane BadawczeDespite the far-reaching harmonization of collection mechanisms and the amount of VAT and excise duty rates in the European Union, individual countries, as a rule, conduct individual income tax policies, including a system of reliefs and exemptions. It is worth noting that, as shown below, each European Union country uses at least one method of supporting...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
Dane BadawczeEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. The following dataset contains the number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019.
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Possibility of joint settlement with the spouse / partner in individual EU countries (2017)
Dane BadawczeThe method of avoiding tax progression known in Poland, consisting in settling income together with the spouse (and in certain cases also the child), the system of this specific relief is also present in other European Union countries such as: Belgium, Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Spain, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Germany, Portugal, UK...
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Values and problems analysis – Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district case study, study proposal no 1, March 2021
Dane BadawczeThe data presents results of work within the studies of the development possibilities of the district in the context of the city, Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district, study proposal no 1, from March 2021. The goal of the research process was to present the values and problems analysis of the area located in Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district in the context...
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Lack of control over work and organizational citizenship behavior: overwork climate as a suppressor variable
Dane BadawczeThis study investigates a suppressor effect in the relationship between lack of control over work and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Suppressor effects operate when the addition of a predictor (in our study it is an overwork climate) increases the predictive power of another variable (lack of control over work) in predicting an outcome variable...
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Values and problems analysis – Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district case study, study proposal no 3, March 2021
Dane BadawczeThe data presents results of work within the studies of the development possibilities of the district in the context of the city, Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district, study proposal no 3, from March 2021. The goal of the research process was to present the values and problems analysis of the area located in Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district in the context...
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Values and problems analysis – Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district case study, study proposal no 5, March 2021
Dane BadawczeThe data presents results of work within the studies of the development possibilities of the district in the context of the city, Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district, study proposal no 5, from March 2021. The goal of the research process was to present the values and problems analysis of the area located in Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district in the context...
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Values and problems analysis – Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district case study, study proposal no 2, March 2021
Dane BadawczeThe data presents results of work within the studies of the development possibilities of the district in the context of the city, Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district, study proposal no 2, from March 2021. The goal of the research process was to present the values and problems analysis of the area located in Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district in the context...
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Values and problems analysis – Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district case study, study proposal no 4, March 2021
Dane BadawczeThe data presents results of work within the studies of the development possibilities of the district in the context of the city, Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district, study proposal no 4, from March 2021. The goal of the research process was to present the values and problems analysis of the area located in Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district in the context...
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Values and problems analysis – Gdańsk-Lower City (Dolne Miasto) district case study, study proposal no 1, March 2021
Dane BadawczeThe data presents results of work within the studies of the development possibilities of the district in the context of the city, Gdańsk-Lower City (Dolne Miasto) district, study proposal no 1, from March 2021. The goal of the research process was to present the values and problems analysis of the area located in Gdańsk-Lower City (Dolne Miasto) district...
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Values and problems analysis – Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district case study, study proposal no 6, March 2021
Dane BadawczeThe data presents results of work within the studies of the development possibilities of the district in the context of the city, Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district, study proposal no 6, from March 2021. The goal of the research process was to present the values and problems analysis of the area located in Lower Sopot (Dolny Sopot) district in the context...
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Values and problems analysis – Gdańsk-Lower City (Dolne Miasto) district case study, study proposal no 3, March 2021
Dane BadawczeThe data presents results of work within the studies of the development possibilities of the district in the context of the city, Gdańsk-Lower City (Dolne Miasto) district, study proposal no 3, from March 2021. The goal of the research process was to present the values and problems analysis of the area located in Gdańsk-Lower City (Dolne Miasto) district...
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Values and problems analysis – Gdańsk-Lower City (Dolne Miasto) district case study, study proposal no 2, March 2021
Dane BadawczeThe data presents results of work within the studies of the development possibilities of the district in the context of the city, Gdańsk-Lower City (Dolne Miasto) district, study proposal no 2, from March 2021. The goal of the research process was to present the values and problems analysis of the area located in Gdańsk-Lower City (Dolne Miasto) district...
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Top 10 Iran Import Goods in 2011
Dane BadawczeThe following dataset shows the volume of trade of the European Union countries with Iran. One can observe a significant drop in both imports and exports (the year 2012 meant tightening of sanctions, which clearly limited the import of Iranian products to the EU). After lifting the sanctions it is expected to substantially increase the level of trade...
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Total Goods: EU Trade flows and balance with Iran, 2005-2015 (in millions of USD).
Dane BadawczeThe following dataset shows the volume of trade of the European Union countries with Iran. One can observe a significant drop in both imports and exports (the year 2012 meant tightening of sanctions, which clearly limited the import of Iranian products to the EU). After lifting the sanctions it is expected to substantially increase the level of trade...
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Images revealing the effect of local femtosecond laser ablation of conductive poly(lactic acid) 3D printed electrodes
Dane BadawczeThe dataset reveals the images of the femtosecond laser (FSL) ablation at the surface of commercially available carbon black-filled poly(lactic acid) 3D printed electrode. The process is used for the increase of the charge transfer of this electrode in electrochemical studies.
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Introduction of SAF-T in selected European countries together with applicable national names
Dane BadawczeAmong the methods used by individual countries in norder to seal the tax collection the introduction of the Standard Audit File for Tax is one of the most important ones.
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List of administrative and tax preferences for electric vehicles owners in selected European countries
Dane BadawczeCurrent mechanisms for supporting electric vehicle owners are both economic (in the form of tax reliefs and direct subsidies) as well as administrative and legal. Examples from countries that have opted for different types of incentives present that they have leaded to increased demand for such vehicles. The following dataset is a summary list, including...
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Number of devices accepting electronic payment instruments per million inhabitants in EU countries 2015
Dane BadawczeThis research data presents the number of devices accepting electronic payment instruments per million inhabitants in the EU countries in 2015. It is an element of the so-called the banking index, which in the subject literature is defined as the number of people actively using services banking. It is noted that this coefficient is also an expression...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
Dane BadawczeEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...
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Tax support mechanisms for research and development projects in EU countries
Dane BadawczeOne of the important areas requiring special support from the state are activities in pro-innovative investments. Tax incentives allocated to research and development are used by practically all European Union countries. Their aim is to persuade entities conducting business activity to invest in the so-called new technologies - defined as the area of...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and selected EU countries in 2012
Dane BadawczeIn 2012, Poland was sixth in the ranking of the number of enterprises in selected European Union countries. In total, 22 million companies conduct business in the countries of the Community. However, when analyzing these values in relative numbers (calculated as the number of enterprises per 1000 inhabitants), Poland ranks only 22nd among the Member...
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The largest companies in the TSL industry in Poland in 2011
Dane BadawczeThe data contained in the dataset shows that the most successful transport, forwarding and logistics company in Poland in 2011 was PKP CARGO S.A. The company is the largest carrier in the country, while in the European Union it ranks second in terms of freight transport.
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Data on bicycle traffic in Lodz (Poland) paired with weather and air quality data
Dane BadawczeThe file contains data on bicycle traffic registered by counting stations loacted in Lodz in the years 2016-2019. The data are paired with weather and air quality data from Lodz collected for the same period. The data is described below:
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Data on bicycle traffic in Gdansk paired with weather and air quality data
Dane BadawczeThe file contains data on bicycle traffic registered by counting stations loacted in Gdańsk in the years 2013-2020. The data are paired with weather and air quality data from Gdansk collected for the same period. The data is described below:
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Top personal income tax rates (PIT) in EU countries (in%).
Dane BadawczeWhen analyzing the historical PIT rates, it should be noted that in 2000 the average rate was almost 45%. The highest income tax (approx. 60%) was imposed in Belgium, Denmark, as well as in the Netherlands and France. On the other hand, the lowest (25%) rates were recorded in Estonia and Latvia, which were not yet members of the European Union. In the...
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Forecast of basic fuel prices in imports to Poland (constant prices in USD in 2007)
Dane BadawczeThis dataset presents price growth forecasts for conventional energy sources. It should be noted that the Ministry of Economy forecasts a more than two-fold increase in oil prices (although these forecasts may be greatly underestimated) over 23 years, an almost two-fold increase in natural gas prices and a 40% increase in coal prices.
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The number of active enterprises in Poland in 1997-2014
Dane BadawczeAfter Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems...
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Share of gross value added generated by enterprises in GDP
Dane BadawczeAfter Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems...
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The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
Dane BadawczeEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...
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Statement of FUS revenues and costs (in PLN thousand) in the first half of 2020
Dane BadawczeIn the period from January to June 2020. The fund's expenditure amounted to PLN 130.0 billion, while revenues from premiums and their derivatives amounted to PLN 92.2 billion. As a result, in the first half of this year, the degree of coverage of expenses with revenues from premiums and their derivatives amounted to. the level of 70.9 percent (a decrease...
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Indicator of coverage of expenses with income from contributions in the Social Insurance Fund
Dane BadawczeThe consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the picture of the financial situation of the Social Insurance Fund. In the period from January to June this year. the fund's expenditure amounted to PLN 130.0 billion, while revenues from premiums and their derivatives amounted to PLN 92.2 billion. As a result, in the first half of this...
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Permanent traffic counting stations - Expressway S6 in Gdansk (dataset containing 5-min aggregated traffic data and weather information)
Dane BadawczeThe data includes traffic data from permanent traffic count station located on the expressway S6 in the Tri-City Agglomeration area in Poland. The data covers the three year period between 2014 and 2017 and one direction of traffic (southbound).
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AFM imaging of surface of modern soldering alloy
Dane BadawczeFollowing the announcement in 2006 of European Union directives aimed at limiting the use of lead in electronic products, there was an urgent need to use lead-free solders in the electronics industry. Due to production requirements, it is necessary to use solders with different melting points. To replace the low-melting eutectic Sn 37 wt. Pb, the most...
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Place attachment, place identity, and visual pollution sensitivity.
Dane BadawczeThe data include individual responses on the following scales (1) place attachment, (2) place identity, and (3) visual pollution sensitivity. Each line represents responses obtained from one participant and his or her demographic characteristics. like gender, age, and education level.
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The surface of the sensor used in the analysis of odorous substances
Dane BadawczeHuman industrial activity usually leads to smaller or larger interference with the ecosystem, contributing to changes affecting the quality of life. An example may be the emission of gaseous substances, not necessarily toxic, but due to their intense smell, they can cause discomfort to people exposed to their inhalation. The problem is so important...
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Income obtained according to particular rates only by taxpayers conducting non-agricultural business activity 2015
Dane BadawczeTaxation in the form of a lump sum on recorded revenues does not apply to certain types of activity, regardless of their size. We are talking about taxpayers who achieve revenue in whole or in part, among others from on account of running pharmacies, activities in the field of buying and selling foreign exchange values, activities in the field of trade...
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IRR (Irianian Rial) in comparison to the USD (IRR/USD)
Dane BadawczeCurrent problem of the Iranian economy is unstable exchange rate of Iranian currency Rial (IRR) to the US dollar (USD). Exchange rate was maintained at about 10-12 thousand IRR for 1 USD. However, the impact of sanctions depreciated Rial dramatically. In July 2013, the price of IRR has been reduced from 12 200 to 24 980 IRR/USD. At the same time, the...
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Atomic force microscopy images of copper electrical contacts wear under the influence of friction
Dane BadawczeMeasurement of wear of copper electrical contacts under the influence of friction. Imaging in contact mode in the variant of scanning spreading resistance microscopy. Additionally, there are spectroscopic current-voltage curves showing local changes in electrical conductivity. NTEGRA Prima (NT-MDT) device. Probe NSG 01Pt.
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The AFM micrographs and impedance study of epoxy coatings after exposure in corrosive media
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images and local impedance measurements of epoxy organic coating used as anti-corrosion protection, before and after 2-month exposure to sodium chloride solution. Additionally, there two local impedance spectra recorded after the coating exposure. The first one was recorded on intact coating surface,...
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Proceeds from value added tax to the state budget as a percentage of the revenues (2010-2014)
Dane BadawczeFrom 1 January 2011, there was a general increase in the rates of tax on goods and services. According to the assumptions, it was temporary, and the amended regulations were to apply until the end of 2013. However, due to government policy, the rate hike was maintained. The changes introduced in 2010 concerned the basic and reduced rates - they were...
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EU state aid within the Rural Development Program 2014-2020
Dane BadawczeThis dataset is a combination of EU and Polish legislation on the state aid in the agriculture sector, selected literature and few exemples of European Commission decisions on projects initiated in some EC Member States during the budgetary period 2014-2020. Careful reading of the materials will allow to review some effects of the state aid granted...
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Microstructure of cross-sections of samples after laser treatment for the article entitled "Mechanical and corrosive properties of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy subjected to laser treatment with MWCNTs coatings"
Dane Badawcze -
state aid for projects on heritage conservation
Dane BadawczeThe dataset encompassed a choice of the most important legal acts in EU law, a list of selected bibliography, together with a list of some interesting individual EC decisions issued on the topic of state aid for heritage conservation in Poland and some UE countries in the period 2007-2013. The reader gets the possibility to acquire basic information...
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Austenitic stainless steel sensitization
Dane BadawczeHigh-alloy steels, thanks to their composition and content of appropriate alloying additives, are characterized by increased resistance to many corrosive environments. However, this is due to the increased sensitivity of the described construction materials to specific environmental conditions during their use. An example may be the increased susceptibility...
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Evaluation of the content of zinc compounds in polyethylene films using scanning electron microscopy
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the results of in the form of micrographs made using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) S–3400N (Hitachi, Hyogo, Japan) using backscattered electron (BSE) detector. SEM was equipped with tungsten filament. The accelerating voltage was 25 kV. Utilization of BSE detector allowed to increase the contrast of local areas varying in...
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Personal income tax (PIT) from conducting business activity due to income from real estate rental
Dane BadawczeThe following data contains analysis of the tax burden on investments, purchase of real estate and obtaining income from its rental.In the case of earning income from the rental of real estate, in most countries of the EU, the entrepreneur may be subject to taxation of income with personal income tax (PIT) or corporate / corporate income tax (CIT)....
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CIT income tax from legal persons / corporations on account of income from renting real estate
Dane BadawczeThe following data contains analysis of the tax burden on investments, purchase of real estate and obtaining income from its rental.In the case of earning income from the rental of real estate, in most countries of the EU, the entrepreneur may be subject to taxation of income with Personal Income Tax (PIT) or corporate / Corporate Income Tax (CIT)....
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The AFM micrographs of pitting corrosion evolution on high-alloy steel 1.4301
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the results of topographic imaging of high-alloy stainless steel 1.4301 on which the pitting corrosion process was induced by electrochemical methods. The study of the effects of a local attack allows for conclusions about the intensity and mechanism of this type of corrosion. The file contains atomic force microscopy (AFM) data...
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Multiple group membership and collective action: study 1&2
Dane BadawczeDatasets from two studies, conducted in Poland, on the relation between identity fusion, group identification, multiple group membership, perceived injustice, and collective action intention. The purpose of the present studies was to examine (a) whether multiple group membership (in the context of opinion-based groups) relates to collective action (CA)...