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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: capp
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The effect of cable duct diameter on the ampacity of high-voltage power cables
PublikacjaThe ampacity of power cables depends, among others, on the conditions of heat dissipation from the cable to the environment. Cables are usually laid directly in the ground, but in some sections, they may be placed in ducts, which adversely affects the ampacity of the cable line. The paper presents heat transfer phenomena for cables installed in pipe-type ducts filled with air. The effect of cable duct diameter on this ampacity...
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Single and Series of Multi-valued Decision Diagrams in Representation of Structure Function
PublikacjaStructure function, which defines dependency of performance of the system on performance of its components, is a key part of system description in reliability analysis. In this paper, we compare two approaches for representation of the structure function. The first one is based on use of a single Multi-valued Decision Diagram (MDD) and the second on use of a series of MDDs. The obtained results indicate that the series of MDDs...
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Behavior of residual current devices at earth fault currents with DC component
PublikacjaLow-voltage electrical installations are increasingly saturated with power electronic converters. Due to very high popularity of photovoltaic (PV) installations and the spread of electric vehicles (EV) as well as their charging installations, DC–AC and AC–DC converters are often found in power systems. The transformerless coupling of AC and DC systems via power electronic converters means that an electrical installation containing...
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Wymiana lamp sodowych wysokoprężnych na lampy ledowe – aspekty techniczne i ekonomiczne modernizacji oświetlenia dróg
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono zasady projektowania oświetlenia dróg zgodnie z aktualnymi normami. Wykonano uproszczone projekty oświetlenia dwóch rodzajów dróg i na ich przykładzie porównano parametry techniczne lamp ledowych i lamp sodowych wysokoprężnych. Zwrócono uwagę na odkształcenie prądu pobieranego przez te lampy. Wykonano analizę ekonomiczną pozwalającą ocenić opłacalność stosowania lamp ledowych.
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A method of earth fault loop impedance measurement without unwanted tripping of RCDs
PublikacjaIn low-voltage networks, earth fault loop impedance (EFLI) measurement is the basis for assessing the effectiveness of automatic disconnection of supply. Such a measurement is performed during initial and periodical verification, especially in a TN low-voltage network. Nowadays, due to widespread application of residual current devices (RCDs), such test is difficult in many circuits because RCDs operate during the test. In this...
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Design of power cable lines partially exposed to direct solar radiation – special aspects
PublikacjaPower cable lines are usually buried in the ground. However, in some cases, their ending sections are mounted along the supports of overhead lines. This leads to a situation where the cables are exposed to direct solar radiation and, consequentially, overheat. The paper presents the advanced computer modelling of power cables’ heating, considering their insolation as well as the effect of wind. The temperature and current-carrying...
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Narażenia cieplne i elektrodynamiczne wyłączników różnicowoprądowych przy ich dobezpieczaniu wyłącznikami nadprądowymi instalacyjnymi – referat konferencyjny
PublikacjaPowszechnie stosowane wyłączniki różnicowoprądowe bez wbudowanego zabezpieczenia nadprądowego wymagają dobezpieczenia. Jako urządzenia dobezpieczające stosuje się m.in. wyłączniki nadprądowe instalacyjne. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań prądów ograniczonych i całek Joule’a wyłączania tych wyłączników oraz omówiono zagrożenia, które mogą wystąpić przy dobezpieczaniu wyłączników różnicowoprądowych wyłącznikami nadprądowymi...
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Trends in Locally Balanced Energy Systems without the Use of Fossil Fuels: A Review
PublikacjaIn recent years, the idea of the operation of energy systems (power systems, heating systems) has changed significantly. This paper is an overview of locally balanced energy systems without the use of fossil fuels. The paper justifies the concept of local energy balancing in a new energy system that does not use fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and crude oil), based on European Union guidelines and formal documents as well as the...
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RCDs Tripping in the Range from DC to AC 50 kHz for Slowly Rising Residual Current
PublikacjaThe wide use of power electronic converters means that in many low-voltage systems earth fault currents containing components from DC to AC of various frequencies have to be taken into account. Due to the tendency to increase the modulation frequency in converters, components of higher frequencies may be in the order of several tens of kilohertz. Therefore, it is very important to verify the behavior of devices for protection against...
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Reliability Analysis of Data Storage Using Survival Signature and Logic Differential Calculus
PublikacjaThe Data storage system is an important part of any information system. All the necessary data that must be available for the successful operation of the information system are stored here. Therefore, it is advisable to think about the reliability of such a data storage system. As part of reliability engineering, it is possible to perform a reliability analysis of any system. Therefore, the data storage system can be analyzed as...
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Badanie wybranych właściwości wyłączników różnicowoprądowych typu F
PublikacjaW instalacjach elektrycznych niskiego napięcia instaluje się coraz więcej przekształtników energoelektronicznych (systemy fotowoltaiczne, instalacje ładowania pojazdów elektrycznych, układy napędowe o regulowanej prędkości obrotowej silnika), a mają one wpływ na dobór typu wyzwalania wyłączników różnicowoprądowych (AC, A, F lub B). W obwodach, w których pojawia się prąd różnicowy zawierający składowe o częstotliwości innej niż...
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Greencoin: prototype of a mobile application facilitating and evidencing pro-environmental behavior of citizens
PublikacjaAmong many global challenges, climate change is one of the biggest challenges of our times. While it is one of the most devastating problems humanity has ever faced, one question naturally arises: can individuals make a difference? We believe that everyone can contribute and make a difference to the community and lives of others. However, there is still a lack of effective strategies to promote and facilitate pro-environmental...
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Do online reviews reveal mobile application usability and user experience? The case of WhatsApp
PublikacjaThe variety of hardware devices and the diversity of their users imposes new requirements and expectations on designers and developers of mobile applications (apps). While the Internet has enabled new forms of communication platform, online stores provide the ability to review apps. These informal online app reviews have become a viral form of electronic wordof-mouth (eWOM), covering a plethora of issues. In our study, we set ourselves...
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The Crowd as a Source of Knowledge - From User Feedback to Fulfilling Requirements
PublikacjaCrowd-based and data-intensive requirements engineering (RE) strategy is an approach for gathering and analyzing information from the general public or the so-called crowd to derive validated user requirements. This study aims to conceptualize the process of analyzing information from a crowd to achieve the fulfillment of user requirements. The created model is based on the ADO framework (Antecedents-Decisions-Outcomes). In the...
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Machine Design - selected problems (M:320384W0)
Kursy OnlineMachine Design - selected problems is a subject in which we will deepen understanding of selected topics from FMD course
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Modelling in machine design (PG_00057377)_2024
Kursy OnlineMachine Design - selected problems is a subject in which we will deepen understanding of selected topics from FMD course
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Machine Design - selected problems (M:320384W0)
Kursy OnlineMachine Design - selected problems is a subject in which we will deepen understanding of selected topics from FMD course
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Improvement of the Chimney Effect in Stack Ventilation
PublikacjaThe article is focused on the airflow in a ventilation system in a building. The work examines the methods which enhance the chimney effect. In this paper, three cases with different chimneys were analyzed for the full-scale experiment. These cases were characterized by different geometrical and material parameters, leading to differences in the intensity of the ventilation airflow. The common denominator of the cases was the room...
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Performance Evaluation of a Multidomain IMS/NGN Network Including Service and Transport Stratum
PublikacjaThe Next Generation Network (NGN) architecture was proposed for delivering various multimedia services with guaranteed quality. For this reason, the elements of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) concept (an important part of 4G/5G/6G mobile networks) are used in its service stratum. This paper presents comprehensive research on how the parameters of an IMS/NGN network and traffic sources influence mean Call Set-up Delay (E(CSD))...
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Integrated development plans of the functional urban areas in Pomeranian region in Poland
PublikacjaThe European Commission put a growing emphasis on the territorial and integrated app roach to policy support addressed in the frame of regional policy. In a special way this process refers to cities along with their functional environment. In Poland the National Spatial Development Concept 2030 has introduced the concept of functional areas, among others – Functional Urban Areas (FUAs). There is...
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Theoretical Investigation of the Electron-Transfer Dynamics and Photodegradation Pathways in a Hydrogen-Evolving Ruthenium-Palladium Photocatalyst
PublikacjaTime-dependent density functional theory calcula- tions combinedwith the Marcus theory of electron transfer (ET) were app lied on the molecular photocatalys t [(tbbpy) 2 Ru(tpph z)PdC l 2 ] 2 + in order to elucidate thelight-in- duced relaxation pathways populated upon excitation in the longer wavelength range of its absorption spectrum. The computational resultsshow that after the initial excitation, metal (Ru) to ligand (tpphz)chargetransfer...
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Tensile modulus of human orbital wall bones cut in sagittal and coronal planes
PublikacjaIn the current research, 68 specimens of orbital superior and/or medial walls taken from 33 human cadavers (12 females, 21 males) were subjected to uniaxial tension untill fracture. The samples were cut in the coronal (38 specimens) and sagittal (30 specimens) planes of the orbital wall. Apparent density (ρapp), tensile Young’s modulus (E-modulus) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were identified. Innovative test protocols were...
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A new factor LapD is required for the regulation of LpxC amounts and lipopolysaccharide trafficking
PublikacjaLipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes the major component of the outer membrane and is essential for bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. Recent work has revealed the essential roles of LapB and LapC proteins in regulating LPS amounts; although, if any additional partners are involved is unknown. Examination of proteins co-purifying with LapB identified LapD as a new partner. The purification of LapD reveals that it forms a complex...
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THE 3D MODEL OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK WITH APPLICATION OF THE ELEVATION DATA
Publikacja3D visualization is a key element of research and analysis and as the source used by experts in various fields e.g.: experts from water and sewage systems. The aim of this study was to visualize in three-dimensional space model of water supply network with relief. The path of technological development of GESUT data (Geodezyjna Ewidencja Sieci Uzbrojenia Terenu – geodetic records of public utilities) for water supply and measurement...
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Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD) System to Support Product Inspection Planning in Industry 4.0
PublikacjaThis paper presents the idea of supporting product inspection planning process during the early stages of product life cycle for the experts working on product development. Aim of this research is to assist a collaborative product development process by using Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD) system, which is based on Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA). The proposed system is developed...
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Influence of an Interview Location on Opinions about the Ecosystem Services Provided by Trees
PublikacjaCollecting opinions regarding environmental management is essential, particularly in urban areas where space is limited, and interests often collide. However, the impact of the conditions in which the research is conducted on opinions and preferences elicited via surveys and interviews about the environment is usually taken for granted. The recent development of computer-aided survey methods allows a simulation of an environment,...
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Solar Photovoltaic Energy Optimization and Challenges
PublikacjaThe study paper focuses on solar energy optimization approaches, as well as the obstacles and concerns that come with them. This study discusses the most current advancements in solar power generation devices in order to provide a reference for decision-makers in the field of solar plant construction throughout the world. These technologies are divided into three groups: photovoltaic, thermal, and hybrid (thermal/photovoltaic)....
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Budynek inteligentny [ET-niestacjonarne][2021/22]
Kursy OnlineStudia niestacjonarne, kierunek Elektrotechnika, stopień I, semestr 6
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INTELIGENTNE INSTALACJE ELEKTRYCZNE [Niestacjonarne][2021/22]
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INTELIGENTNE INSTALACJE ELEKTRYCZNE [Niestacjonarne][2023/24]
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INTELIGENTNE INSTALACJE ELEKTRYCZNE [Niestacjonarne][2022/23]
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OCHRONA PRZED ZAGROŻENIAMI ELEKTRYCZNYMI [2023/24]
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Systemy energointeligentne i hybrydowe [2022/23]
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Budynek Inteligentny [EE][2023/24]
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Urządzenia elektroenergetyczne [2023/24]
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BUDYNEK INTELIGENTNY [ET][2023/24]
Kursy OnlineStudia stacjonarne, kierunek Elektrotechnika, stopień I, semestr 6
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BUDYNEK INTELIGENTNY [ET][I][Niestacjonarne][2023/24]
Kursy Online -
AVHRR Level1CD covering Baltic Sea area year 2006
Dane BadawczeThe product level is the NOAA AVHRR Level 1C that is result of processing the AVHRR data from the HRPT stream based on ancillary information like sensing geometry and calibration data. Then converted into geophysical variables: top-of-the atmosphere (TOA) albedo or brightness temperature. Additionally, information like geolocation has been added. Other...
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AVHRR Level1CD covering Baltic Sea area year 2010
Dane BadawczeThe product level is the NOAA AVHRR Level 1C that is result of processing the AVHRR data from the HRPT stream based on ancillary information like sensing geometry and calibration data. Then converted into geophysical variables: top-of-the atmosphere (TOA) albedo or brightness temperature. Additionally, information like geolocation has been added. Other...
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AVHRR Level1CD covering Baltic Sea area year 2007
Dane BadawczeThe product level is the NOAA AVHRR Level 1C that is result of processing the AVHRR data from the HRPT stream based on ancillary information like sensing geometry and calibration data. Then converted into geophysical variables: top-of-the atmosphere (TOA) albedo or brightness temperature. Additionally, information like geolocation has been added. Other...
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AVHRR Level1CD covering Baltic Sea area year 2011
Dane BadawczeThe product level is the NOAA AVHRR Level 1C that is result of processing the AVHRR data from the HRPT stream based on ancillary information like sensing geometry and calibration data. Then converted into geophysical variables: top-of-the atmosphere (TOA) albedo or brightness temperature. Additionally, information like geolocation has been added. Other...
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AVHRR Level1CD covering Baltic Sea area year 2012
Dane BadawczeThe product level is the NOAA AVHRR Level 1C that is result of processing the AVHRR data from the HRPT stream based on ancillary information like sensing geometry and calibration data. Then converted into geophysical variables: top-of-the atmosphere (TOA) albedo or brightness temperature. Additionally, information like geolocation has been added. Other...
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AVHRR Level1CD covering Baltic Sea area year 2008
Dane BadawczeThe product level is the NOAA AVHRR Level 1C that is result of processing the AVHRR data from the HRPT stream based on ancillary information like sensing geometry and calibration data. Then converted into geophysical variables: top-of-the atmosphere (TOA) albedo or brightness temperature. Additionally, information like geolocation has been added. Other...
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AVHRR Level1CD covering Baltic Sea area year 2009
Dane BadawczeThe product level is the NOAA AVHRR Level 1C that is result of processing the AVHRR data from the HRPT stream based on ancillary information like sensing geometry and calibration data. Then converted into geophysical variables: top-of-the atmosphere (TOA) albedo or brightness temperature. Additionally, information like geolocation has been added. Other...
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Evaluation of the Impact of Storage Conditions on the Biogenic Amines Profile in Opened Wine Bottles
PublikacjaA survey of biogenic amine (BA) profiles in opened wine bottles has been established to monitor the level of biogenic amines (BAs) in opened bottles against time and other conditions. Bottles of red and white wine were submitted to different temperatures, stopper type (screw cap, cork), and use of vacuum devices. A total of six wines made from a variety of grapes were obtained from vineyards from regions across Poland. Dispersive...
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Analiza napięć indukowanych w żyłach powrotnych kabli wysokiego napięcia w wybranych konfiguracjach ich ułożenia
PublikacjaW żyłach powrotnych kabli wysokiego napięcia mogą indukować się znaczne napięcia względem ziemi przy przepływie prądów roboczych oraz prądów zwarciowych, co zagraża porażeniem i/lub uszkodzeniem zewnętrznej powłoki kabla. Wartości tych napięć zależą od sposobu ułożenia i długości kabli, sposobu uziemienia ich żył powrotnych, wartości prądu w żyłach roboczych, a także transpozycji żył roboczych i powrotnych. W artykule przedstawiono...
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Impact of R/X ratio of distribution network on selection and control of energy storage units
PublikacjaThe interest in energy storage is still increasing. Energy storage units are installed in high voltage networks, medium voltage networks and low voltage distribution networks as well. These units are often used to improve power quality. One of the criteria for improving power quality is reducing voltage deviations. Depending on the type of network and specifying its R/X ratio, this criterion can be fulfilled by control of active...
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Analysis of Induced Voltages and Power Losses in High Voltage Power Cables for Selected Methods of Cables Sheaths Bonding
PublikacjaPower is increasingly supplied to city centres with 110 kV cable lines. This is a convenient way to supply power, and practically the only one possible in areas of dense urban development. A high-voltage cable contains a coaxial metallic sheath, in which in normal operation and in fault conditions (during short-circuits) significant line-to-earth voltages can be induced, which threatens electric shock and/or damage to the cable’s...
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Protection of Earthing Reactor Connected to the Star Point of a High Voltage Shunt Reactor
PublikacjaThe article presents the problem of protection of earthing reactors connected to the star point of shunt reactors in high voltage lines, with particular regard to the detection of internal faults. Model analyses for an actual system commissioned in 2015, which is intended to be provided with earthing reactors, are included.
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Calculation of Induced Sheath Voltages in Power Cables – Single Circuit System versus Double Circuit System
PublikacjaThis paper presents comparison of values of induced sheath voltages in power cable metallic sheaths when one or two cables per phase are used. Calculation of voltages is performed for various phase sequences of the power cables. Three types of the sheaths bonding and earthing are considered. Shock hazard and voltage stress of non-metallic outer sheath of cables are evaluated. The proposed, optimal configuration of the power cable...