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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: COMPACT IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMERS
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Optimization of the Relative Humidity of Reactant Gases in Hydrogen Fuel Cells Using Dynamic Impedance Measurements
PublikacjaWater management is a key factor affecting the efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The currently used monitoring methods of PEMFCs provide limited information about which processes or components that humidity has a significant impact upon. Herein, we propose the use of a novel approach of impedance measurements using a multi-sinusoidal perturbation signal, which enables impedance measurements under dynamic...
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Feedline Alterations for Optimization-Based Design of Compact Super-Wideband MIMO Antennas in Parallel Configuration
PublikacjaThis letter presents a technique for size reduction of wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas. Our approach is a two-stage procedure. At the first stage, the antenna structure is modified to improve its impedance matching. This is achieved through incorporation of an n-section tapered feedline, followed by reoptimization of geometry parameters. Reducing the maximum in-band reflection well beyond the acceptance...
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Application of quartz crystal microbalance and dynamic impedance spectroscopy to the study of copper corrosion inhibitors
PublikacjaThe study investigates the application of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) techniques to examine the corrosion inhibition of copper by Benzotriazole and Sodium Folate in a 0.1 M NaCl solution. DEIS, an advanced version of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), allows for real-time monitoring of non-stationary electrochemical systems,...
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Inline Waveguide Filter With Compact Frequency-Dependent Coupling Producing Two Additional Poles and Three Transmission Zeros
PublikacjaThis work reports a compact frequency-dependent coupling (FDC) structure introduced in a rectangular waveguide, which allows to generate two additional in-band transmission poles and three transmission zeros (TZs). This serves to increase the order/selectivity of the waveguide bandpass filter in a compact inline topology, thus without the need for any additional space/volume or cross coupling. The proposed FDC consists of a partial-height...
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A study of a compact high-efficiency zero-emission power plant with oxy-fuel combustion
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the application of global trends in gas cycles technology using oxy-fuel combustion. This is followed by a demonstration of a design solution for a new cycle with two enhanced energy-converting devices, namely a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. The proposed gas and steam cycle unit is contained within a single turbine, whose benefits combine those offered by gas turbines (high inlet temperatures)...
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Evaluation of applicability of classic methods of a fault loop impedance measurement to circuits with residual current devices
PublikacjaMeasurement of fault loop impedance in low voltage grids and systems is in most cases performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of supply. For the sake of measurement accuracy, it is advisable to perform it using large current. Unfortunately, in circuits with residual current devices which are very widely used nowadays, a large measurement current may trigger those devices...
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Evaluation of Temperature Influence on Electrochemical Processes Occurring in a Lithium-Ion Supercapacitor with the Use of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
PublikacjaIn order to obtain the full impedance characteristics of a lithium-ion capacitor as a function of temperature, the authors proposed the use of dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Impedance tests were carried out under wide range of dynamic temperature changes for lithium-ion supercapacitors. Significant differences in electrochemical processes were observed as a result of working temperature. Moreover, the quality of...
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New Method of Non-Linear Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy with an Amplitude-Modulated Perturbation Signal
PublikacjaThe paper presents a new method of non-linear electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (NLEIS), which allows fast and nondestructive evaluation of the corrosion rate and determination of the Tafel coefficients values for a corrosion system under investigation. This method employs amplitude modulation of the ac perturbation signal. The study demonstrated that it was possible to obtain impedance characteristic as a function of the...
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Compact 4 × 4 butler matrix with non‐standard phase differences for IoT applications
PublikacjaButler matrices represent a popular class of feeding networks for antenna arrays. Large dimensions and the lack of flexibility in terms of achievable output phase difference make conventional Butler structures of limited use for modern communication devices. In this work, a compact planar 4 × 4 matrix with non-standard relative phase shifts of –30º, 150º, –120º, and 60º has been proposed. The structure is designed to operate at...
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Monitoring of breast tissue thermo-ablation by means of impedance measurements
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące monitorowania jakości termoablacji zmian nowotworowych w piersi przy pomocy pomiarów impedancyjnych. Pokazano prototypowe konstrukcje sond do termoablacji jak również zaprezentowano wyniki symulacji i pierwszych eksperymentów. A usefulness of a developed probe combining power delivery to ablated breast tumour and simultaneous impedance measurements is discussed in the paper. It consists...
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Electrical and mechanical characterization of two-phase alloys by means of scanning probe microscopy in dynamic impedance spectroscopy mode
PublikacjaDynamic impedance spectroscopy, evaluated for measuring non-stationary systems, was used in combination with scanning probe microscope. Using this approach, localized impedance measurements in the AFM contact mode could be carried out. Additionally, impedance–force curves were made at each phase of investigated materials to illustrate the relation between impedance and the force applied to a probe. Therefore, correlation of electrical...
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Towards Compact City – Gdańsk-Matarnia district case study, proposal for Klukowo area, January 2021
Dane BadawczeThe data presents results of work within the participatory planning process: Towards Compact City – Gdańsk-Matarnia district case study, proposal for Klukowo area, from January 2021. The goal of the process was to present the new, innovative design visions for the area located in Gdańsk-Matarnia district in the context of “Compact city” and “Walkable...
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Variable-fidelity response feature surrogates for accelerated statistical analysis and yield estimation of compact microwave components
PublikacjaAccounting for manufacturing tolerances is an essential part of a reliable microwave design process. Yet, quantification of geometry and/or material parameter uncertainties is challenging at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. This is due to inherently high cost of EM analysis and massive simulations necessary to conduct the statistical analysis. Here, a low-cost and accurate yield estimation procedure...
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Determination of time delay between ventricles contraction using impedance measurements
PublikacjaThe paper presents a novel approach to assessment of ventricular dyssynchrony basing on multichannel electrical impedance measurements. Using a proper placement of electrodes, the sensitivity approach allows estimating time difference between chambers contraction from over determined nonlinear system of equations. The theoretical considerations which include Finite Element Method simulations were verified using measurements on...
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The loop impedance measurement
Dane BadawczeThe loop impedance measurement
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Fault Diagnostics in PEMFC Stacks by Evaluation of Local Performance and Cell Impedance Analysis
PublikacjaStarvation, flooding, and dry‐out phenomena occur in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), due to heterogeneous local conditions, material inhomogeneity, and uneven flow distribution across the single cell active area and in between the individual cells. The impact of the load level and air feed conditions on the performance was identified for individual single cells within a 10‐cell stack. Analysis of the current density...
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Dynamic impedance measurements of the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell cathode at various operating temperatures
PublikacjaThis article discusses the application of impedance analysis for diagnosing the cathode of a direct methanol fuel cell at various operating temperatures. The Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy technique coupled with a linear current scan was applied for this purpose. This technique allowed the observation of changes in the cathode's properties in the fuel cell operating under real working conditions. An equivalent model...
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Fast Design Closure of Compact Microwave Components by Means of Feature-Based Metamodels
PublikacjaPrecise tuning of geometry parameters is an important consideration in the design of modern microwave passive components. It is mandatory due to limitations of theoretical design methods unable to quantify certain phenomena that are important for the operation and performance of the devices (e.g., strong cross-coupling effects in miniaturized layouts). Consequently, the initial designs obtained using analytical or equivalent network...
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The influence of dynamic load changes on temporary impedance in hydrogen fuel cells, selection and validation of the electrical equivalent circuit
PublikacjaTo achieve optimal performance of a fuel cell, a reliable monitoring and diagnostic method is required. The currently utilized methods give limited information or they are impossible to use under dynamic working conditions. To obtain comprehensive information about the fuel cell operation we utilized novel dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Impedance measurements in dynamic mode were performed on a hydrogen fuel cell,...
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Compact, Order Extensible and Wide-Stopband Bandpass Filter Based on SIW Cavity with Rectangular Ring Slot
PublikacjaThis article introduces novel architectures of bandpass filters (BPFs) using a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity with a rectangular ring slot (RRS) for compact size, extensible order, and broad stopband responses. Two bandpass filters, which demonstrate a second-and a fourth-order Chebyshev response, respectively, are realized by employing identical cavities with RRS, without increasing the physical size of the circuit....
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Low-cost multiband compact branch-line coupler design using response features and automated EM model fidelity adjustment
PublikacjaDesign closure of compact microwave components is a challenging problem because of significant electromagnetic (EM) cross-couplings in densely arranged layouts. A separate issue is a large number of designable parameters resulting from replacement of conventional transmission line sections by compact microstrip resonant cells. This increases complexity of the design optimization problem and requires employment of expensive high-fidelity...
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Modification of the operating point of residual current transformers for high frequency earth fault currents detection
PublikacjaFor protection against electric shock in low voltage systems residual current devices are commonly used. However, their proper operation can be interfered when earth fault current with high frequency components occurs. Serious hazard of electrocution exists then. One of the most important element of residual current devices is a residual current transformer with iron core. Tripping characteristic of residual current devices strictly...
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Design of a compact planar transmission line for miniaturized rat-race coupler with harmonics suppression
PublikacjaThis paper presents an elegant yet straightforward design procedure for a compact rat-race coupler (RRC) with an extended harmonic suppression. The coupler’s conventional λ/4 transmission lines (TLs) are replaced by a specialized TL that offers significant size reduction and harmonic elimination capabilities in the proposed approach. The design procedure is verified through the theoretical, circuit, and electromagnetic (EM) analyses,...
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Multitaper-Based Post-processing of Compact Antenna Responses Obtained in Non-anechoic Conditions
PublikacjaThe process of developing antenna structures typically involves prototype measurements. While accurate validation of far-field performance can be performed in dedicated facilities like anechoic chambers, high cost of construction and maintenance might not justify their use for teaching, or low-budget research scenarios. Non-anechoic experiments provide a cost-effective alternative, however the performance metrics obtained in such...
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Electrochemical properties of porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 oxygen electrodes in solid oxide cells: Impedance study of symmetrical electrodes
PublikacjaThis work evaluates porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 (STF35) as a possible oxygen electrode material for Solid Oxide Cells. The powder synthesis was performed by solid state method. Characterization included DC electrical conductivity study of sintered bulk samples and impedance spectroscopy study of symmetrical electrodes deposited on gadolinium doped ceria substrates. Measurements were carried out in atmospheres with different pO2...
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Ellipse-fitting algorithm implementation in the impedance measurement system based on DAQ card with FPGA
PublikacjaThe paper presents an implementation of the ellipse-fitting algorithm in the impedance measurement system based on DAQ card equipped with FPGA chip. The method implementation was tested by simulation means as well as experimentally in the designed and presented measurement system. Finally, the limit values of sampling parameters which assures satisfying accuracy were given.
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On low-fidelity models for variable-fidelity simulation-driven design optimization of compact wideband antennas
PublikacjaThe paper addresses simulation-driven design optimization of compact antennas involving variable-fidelity electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. Comprehensive investigations are carried out concerning selection of the coarse model discretization density. The effects of the low-fidelity model setup on the reliability and computational complexity of the optimization process are determined using a benchmark set of three ultra-wideband...
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A Compact Basis for Reliable Fast Frequency Sweep via the Reduced-Basis Method
PublikacjaA reliable reduced-order model (ROM) for fast frequency sweep in time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations by means of the reduced-basis method is detailed. Taking frequency as a parameter, the electromagnetic field in microwave circuits does not arbitrarily vary as frequency changes, but evolves on a very low-dimensional manifold. Approximating this low-dimensional manifold by a low dimension subspace, namely, reduced-basis space, gives...
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Determination of pitting corrosion stage of stainless steel by galvanodynamic impedance spectroscopy
PublikacjaThis paper investigates the methodology for differentiation of multistep process of pitting corrosion of AISI 304 stainless steel in the environment of iron (III) chloride. Measurements were performed using Galvanodynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (GDEIS). Application of this methodology allowed monitoring of natural corrosion process without external current (IDC = 0A) nor potential perturbation of the system. Applied...
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Rapid multi-objective design optimisation of compact microwave couplers by means of physics-based surrogates
PublikacjaThe authors introduce a methodology for fast multi-objective design optimisation of miniaturised microwave couplers. The approach exploits the surrogate-based optimisation paradigm with an underlying low-fidelity model constructed from an equivalent circuit of the structure under consideration, corrected through implicit and frequency space mapping. A fast prediction tool obtained this way is subsequently optimised by a multi-objective...
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Finite automata for compact representation of tuple dictionaries.
PublikacjaOpisane zostaje uogólnienie struktury danych - słownika, zwane słownikiem n-tek. Słownik n-tek przedstawia odwzorowanie n-tek łańcuchów znaków na pewne wartości. Motywacją dla powstania tej struktury danych są praktyczne zastosowania w przetwarzaniu języka i mowy, w których obszerne słowniki n-tek używane są do przedstawiania modeli języka. Przedstawiona zostaje technika oszczędnej reprezentacji słowników n-tek. Ta technika...
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A compact smart resistive sensor based on a microcontroller
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono nowe rozwiązanie inteligentnego czujnika rezystancyjnego bazującego na mikrokontrolerze, w którym czujnik rezystancyjny jest elementem składowym filtra anty-aliazingowego przetwornika A/C. Procedura pomiaru temperatury obejmuje pobudzenie filtra dwoma impulsami prostokątnymi o zadanym czasie trwania oraz próbkowanie jego odpowiedzi czasowej. Następnie na podstawie wartości pomierzonych próbek napięcia wyznaczana jest...
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Local impedance spectroscopy of membranes
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Differential analysis of impedance data
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The amplitude analysis of impedance spectra
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Measuring the impedance of ultrasonic transducers.
PublikacjaW przypadku przetworników ultradźwiękowych charakteryzujących się zazwyczaj bardzo zmienną w funkcji częstotliwości impedancją jej pomiar stwarza szereg trudności. Nie nadają się do tego celu tanie, łatwo dostępne, przyrządy. Znane są drogie systemy badawcze stosowane do tego celu. Zazwyczaj przystosowane są one do takich pomiarów w szerokim paśmie częstotliwości, od pasma akustycznego aż do zakresu mikrofalowego. Natomiast,...
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Correction methods in impedance spectroscopy
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono trzy grupy metod, ktÓre mogą być zastosowane do korekcji danych pomiarowych uzyskanych za pomoca spektroskopii impedancyjnej.
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Design of a modular impedance tomography
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono konstrukcję, zasadę działania oraz podstawowe parametry tomografu impedancyjnedo przeznaczonego do pomiarów w gruncie.
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Impedance of metastable pitting corrosion
PublikacjaPrzeprowadzono badania impedancyjne metastabilnego procesu korozji wżerowej. Kształt chwilowych widm impedancyjnych otrzymanych w wyniku eksperymentu jest ściśle związany z przebiegiem prądu dc. O szybkość korozji wewnątrz aktywnego zaatakowania decyduje proces przeniesienia ładunku. Ekspansja aktywnej powierzchni jest proporcjonalna do zmian podwójnej warstwy elektrycznej. Zaobserwowane zostały również zmiany rezystancji elektrolitu...
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Local impedance spectroscopy of membranes
PublikacjaCelem niniejszej publikacji jest zaprezentowanie zastosowania techniki Lokalnej Elektrochemicznej Spektroskopii Impedancyjnej (LEIS) do uzyskania lokalnej charakterystyki membran. Membranę wykonaną z polichlorku winylu (PCV), plastyfikowaną sebacynianem bis(2etyloheksylu) i domieszkowaną boranem tetradodecyloamoniowym zbadano pod kątem równomiernego rozkładu przewodnictwa na powierzchni badanej próbki. Lokalne pomiary impedancyjne,...
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Linear and nonlinear impedance in iron oxide glasses containing alkaline ions and alkali free
PublikacjaThe linear and nonlinear impedance spectra of oxide glasses were measured in the frequency range of 1 mHz to 1 MHz and in the temperature range of 153K to 483K. Two groups of iron oxide glass samples were prepared, the first one containing alkaline ions and the second one without alkali. In the first group, compositions of glasses were as follows: (in %mol) 50% SiO2 , 25% PbO, 15% Fe2O3 and 15% one of alkaline oxides: Na2O, K2O,...
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A method of earth fault loop impedance measurement without unwanted tripping of RCDs
PublikacjaIn low-voltage networks, earth fault loop impedance (EFLI) measurement is the basis for assessing the effectiveness of automatic disconnection of supply. Such a measurement is performed during initial and periodical verification, especially in a TN low-voltage network. Nowadays, due to widespread application of residual current devices (RCDs), such test is difficult in many circuits because RCDs operate during the test. In this...
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An integral-differential method for impedance determination of the hydrogen oxidation process in the presence of carbon monoxide in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell
PublikacjaThe impedance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell powered by hydrogen contaminated with carbon monoxide, ranging from 150 to 300 ppb, is measured and discussed. The tested range of CO concentration complied with the fuel standard specified in the ISO standards. Studies of influence of CO contamination on operation of PEMFC are crucial for further development and commercialization of fuel cells for automotive applications. Based...
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Model Correction and Optimization Framework for Expedited EM-Driven Surrogate-Assisted Design of Compact Antennas
PublikacjaDesign of compact antennas is a numerically challenging process that heavily relies on electromagnetic (EM) simulations and numerical optimization algorithms. For reliability of simulation results, EM models of small radiators often include connectors which—despite being components with fixed dimensions—significantly contribute to evaluation cost. In this letter, a response correction method for antenna models without connector,...
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The impedance of hydrogen oxidation reaction in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the presence of carbon monoxide in hydrogen stream
PublikacjaEvaluation of performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which is affected by carbon monoxide that pollutes the hydrogen stream, was presented. This influence was studied for carbon monoxide concentration of 125–325 ppb, which are close to values specified in ISO 14687:2019 standard. Performed studies provided crucial information for further development of fuel cell as an energy source for automotive application. Impedance...
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Improving Accuracy of Respiratory Rate Estimation by Restoring High Resolution Features With Transformers and Recursive Convolutional Models
PublikacjaNon-contact evaluation of vital signs has been becoming increasingly important, especially in light of the COVID- 19 pandemic, which is causing the whole world to examine people’s interactions in public places at a scale never seen before. However, evaluating one’s vital signs can be a relatively complex procedure, which requires both time and physical contact between examiner and examinee. These re- quirements limit the number...
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Highly-Compact Dual-Band Bandpass Waveguide Filter Based on Cross-Shaped Frequency-Dependent Coupling
PublikacjaThis work reports the design of an original class of highly-compact dual-band bandpass filter based on dual-mode waveguide resonators inter-coupled through a novel type of frequency-dependent coupling (FDC). The devised FDC consists of a cross-shaped metallic structure placed in the broad wall of a rectangular waveguide. This FDC produces two additional poles and three extra transmission zeros (TZs). Specifically, each pole is...
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Nonlinear and linear impedance of bismuth vanadate ceramics and its relation to structural properties
PublikacjaThe nonlinear and linear electrical properties, topography, and microstructure of bismuth-vanadate ceramics, were studied. The structurewas observed with the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal microscopy methods. The obtained results showed that ceramic is porous. Two phase transitionswere determinedwith the use of DSC measurements. The linear and nonlinear ac...
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The impact of air humidity on the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells determined using dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
PublikacjaThis paper describes the changes in the fuel cell impedance across a range of current loads and humidity changes. The changes of each equivalent circuit parameters representing specific processes occurring in fuel cells, as a function of humidity and current changes, were determined. Within the combined scope of current and humidity, the optimal working conditions of the cells were determined, corresponding to the lowest impedance...
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Broadband Compact Single-Layer Magic-T Junction with Separation of DC Signals between All Ports
PublikacjaA novel structure for a four-port microstrip magic-T junction is presented. The device is composed of microstrip and slotline circuits etched onto two sides of a dielectric substrate. The device is extremely compact and occupies an area more than three times smaller than similar structures recently reported in the literature. The novelty of the device lies in the use of microstrip/slotline transitions for both input ports: summation...