Search results for: HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS
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Effective method of treatment of industrial effluents under basic pH conditions using acoustic cavitation – a comprehensive comparison with hydrodynamic cavitation processes
PublicationThe use of acoustic cavitation in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is a promising trend in research for treatment of industrial effluents. The paper presents the results of investigations on the use of acoustic cavitation aided by additional oxidation processes (ozonation/H2O2 oxidation/Peroxone/UV-C) for the treatment of effluents from the production of bitumens. Under these conditions, the total contaminant load, expressed...
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Disinfection characteristics of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor in pilot scale
PublicationHydrodynamic cavitation is a promising technique for water disinfection. In the present paper, the disinfection characteristics of an advanced hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (ARHCR) in pilot scale were studied. The effects of various flow rates (1.4–2.6 m3/h) and rotational speeds (2600–4200 rpm) on the removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were revealed and analyzed. The variation regularities of the log reduction and reaction...
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Numerical Estimation of Hull Hydrodynamic Derivatives in Ship Maneuvering Prediction
PublicationPrediction of the maneuvering characteristics of the ship at the design stage can be done by means of model tests, computational simulations or a combination of both. The model tests can be realized as direct simulation of the standard maneuvers with the free running model, which gives the most accurate results, but is also the least affordable as it requires very large tank or natural lake, as well as complex equipment of the...
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The overview of reactors used for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate via carbonation route
PublicationCarbonation is one of the methods for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) on the industrial scale. A gaseous CO2 is used as a reagent in this process. The hydrodynamic conditions gener-ated in the reactor affect the course of the process and the characteristics of the precipitated calcium carbonate particles. This paper discusses the construction of standard reactors and new proposed con-struction used for the...
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Experimental comparison of the transition speed of a hydrodynamic journal bearing lubricated with oil and magnetorheological fluid
PublicationA journal bearing test bench is used to find the transition speed between the hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication regimes for a modified magnetorheological (MR) fluid. It is shown that the transition speed of the bearing can be reduced by applying a local magnetic field near minimum film when it is lubricated with the MR fluid, and that this will only marginally increase friction. The lubricating performance of the MR fluid is compared...
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Sensitivity of the Baltic Sea level prediction to spatial model resolution
Publicationhe three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Baltic Sea (M3D) and...
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Combined thrust radial bearing of a submarine main shaft – Design and analysis of failure
PublicationThis paper presents an analysis of the combined thrust radial bearing of a submarine propulsion shaft. The lubrication system of the bearing is based on a fixed ring. The efficiency of the lubrication system depends on the shaft speed and temperature, which affects oil viscosity. In turn, the thrust bearing load also depends on the rotational speed of the shaft, because as the speed increases, the drag of the ship increases simultaneously,...
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Study of the Flow Dynamics of Surface Water Masses in the Area of the Coastal Gulf of Gdansk
PublicationThe paper describes two methods of predicting the movement of small objects with surface water masses. One of the methods uses graph theory to describe the motion of water masses in port docks. The results of this study were compared to a simulation using the hydrodynamic numerical model M3D. The results obtained in a virtual environment were related to the experiments in the real world. In the coastal area of the Gulf of Gdansk,...
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Water-Lubricated Sintered Bronze Journal Bearings—Theoretical and Experimental Research
PublicationWater lubricated bearings are used from many years in shipbuilding, hydro power and other industries because of their advantages such as: extensive serviceable life, low coefficient of friction, longevity of shaft sleeve, good abrasion resistance, low maintenance required, unit simplicity, no danger of pollution and low price. Various types of water lubricated sliding bearings have been tested at the Technical University of Gdansk...
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Novel strategies to enhance hydrodynamic cavitation in a circular venturi using RANS numerical simulations
PublicationHydrodynamic cavitation is a popular advanced oxidation technique and it has received wide range of applications from waste water treatment to the nanoparticles synthesis in recent years. The enhancement of the intensity of the hydrodynamic cavitation is always been an emerging field of research. Within this framework, we have proposed and investigated three distinct strategies to enhance the intensity of cavitation in a circular...
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NUMERICAL ESTIMATION OF HULL HYDRODYNAMIC DERIVATIVES IN SHIP MANOUVERING PREDICTION
PublicationOperating in crowded waterways pose a risk of accidents and disasters due to maneuvering limitations of the ship. In order to predict ship’s maneuvering characteristics at the design stage, model tests are often executed as the most accurate prediction tool. Two approaches can be distinguished here: free running model tests and numerical simulations based on planar motion model with the use of hydrodynamic derivatives obtained...
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Multi-objective optimization of the cavitation generation unit structure of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor
PublicationHydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been widely considered a promising technique for industrial-scale process intensifications. The effectiveness of HC is determined by the performance of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (HCRs). The advanced rotational HCRs (ARHCRs) proposed recently have shown superior performance in various applications, while the research on the structural optimization is still absent. The present study, for the...
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Design of horizontal axis wind and water turbines
PublicationThe basic hydrodynamic principles of horizontal axis turbines are presented. Computational methods based on vortex theory for design of such turbines and for calculation of their hydro or aerodynamic characteristics are described in detail. These methods are applicable both to wind and water turbines. The influence of detailed turbine geometry on its characteristics is presented. Several practical computational examples of different...
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Long-term Hindcast Simulation of Currents, Sea Level, Water Temperature and Salinity in the Baltic Sea
PublicationThis dataset contains the results of numerical modelling of currents, sea level, water temperature and salinity over a period of 50 years (1958–2007) in the Baltic Sea. A long-term hindcast simulation was performed using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (PM3D) based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The spatial resolution was 3 nautical miles, i.e. about 5.5 km. Currents, water temperature, and salinity were recorded...
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Dynamics of Ice Jam Formation and Release
PublicationThe numerical model DynaRICE and its application to ice jam formation and release is presented. The model is a two-dimensional coupled flow and ice dynamic model. The ice dynamic component, which includes both the internal ice resistance and boundary friction on ice motion, uses a Lagrangian SPH method. The hydrodynamic component of the model uses a streamline upwind finite element method, which is capable of simulating trans-critical...
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Studies on Treatment of Bitumen Effluents by Means of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Basic pH Conditions
PublicationThe paper presents the results of studies on chemical treatment of effluents from production of bitumen of petroleum origin. Due to the presence of sulfide ions, the pH of these effluents is strongly alkaline. Several Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) were studied, including the use of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals oxidants, the hydrodynamic cavitation as well as sonocavitation. The best processes allow to obtain 45% reduction...
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Studies on treatment of bitumen effluents by means of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in basic pH conditions
PublicationThe paper presents the results of studies on chemical treatment of effluents from production of bitumen of petroleum origin. Due to the presence of sulfide ions, the pH of these effluents is strongly alkaline. Several Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) were studied, including the use of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals oxidants, the hydrodynamic cavitation as well as sonocavitation. The best processes allow to obtain 45% reduction...
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Intelligent microbearing project with memory of stress-strain history
PublicationTaking into account the increasing need of intelligent micro-bearing with memory, this paper presents the optimization, simulation and practical application of operating parameters(load carrying capacity, friction forces, friction coefficient, wear), simulation for hydrodynamic HDD micro-bearing with curvilinear nano-grooved journal profile. One of the reason of such journal profile is that this journal profile contributes to the...
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Properties comparison of rubber and three layer PTFE-NBR-bronze water lubricated bearings with lubricating grooves along full bush circumference based on experimental tests
PublicationWater lubricated bearings have been in industrial use for well over a century. During the last decade their traditional range has been expanded with new, modern products. Despite that fact, certain solutions continue to employ the standard rubber bearing with lubricating grooves located along entire bush circumference. The work presents experimental research conducted on comparable sliding bearings with lubrication grooves along...
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Environmentally acceptable lubricants (EAL) compared with a reference mineral oil as marine stern tube bearing lubricant – Experimental and theoretical investigations
PublicationThe purpose of this research is to indicate the potential differences in bearing characteristics resulting from the application of different lubricant types with the same viscosity grade. The effect of different environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) on hydrodynamic journal bearing properties is studied experimentally and compared to the properties obtained after lubrication with a reference mineral oil. The results of the...
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A Numerical Model Study on Ice Boom in a Coastal Lake
PublicationA numerical study on the effectiveness of the proposed ice boom to be installed near the entrance of Lake Notoro, Hokkaido, Japan to prevent sea ice moving into the lake is presented. A two-dimensional hydro–ice dynamics model was modified to allow for the treatment of ice-boom interaction with the effect of tidal current. The numerical model is a coupled hydrodynamic and ice dynamic model. The ice dynamic component uses a Lagrangian...
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DESIGN AND STRENGTH CALCULATIONS OF THE TRIPOD SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR OFFSHORE POWER PLANT
PublicationThe support structure being the object of the analysis presented in the article is Tripod. According to the adopted assumptions, it is a foundation gravitationally set in the water region of 60 m in depth, not fixed to the seabed, which can be used for installing a 7MW wind turbine. Due to the lack of substantial information on designing and strength calculations of such types of structures in the world literature, authors have...
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Prospects of Decreasing Power Losses in a Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing
PublicationIn numerous machines, axial load is carried by tilting pad thrust bearings known since the beginning of 20th century. These bearings are commonly bath lubricated, which is simple, does not require any additional pumps, and, due to this, such systems are highly reliable. In a contemporary technology, however, minimization of friction losses became an important goal of machinery improvement. Calculations based on elementary rules...
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ANALYSIS OF BEARING CLEARANCE AND WIDTH OF OIL GROOVE ON CHARACTERISTIC OF FLUID FILM IN HYDRODYNAMIC MAIN CRANKSHAFT BEARINGS
PublicationAbstract Paper represents analysis of influence of oil groove width and bearing clearance on characteristics of oil film in hydrodynamic journal main crankshaft bearing. Analysis was performed in purpose to define influence of bearing clearance and dimensions of oil groove on static characteristics and manufacturability of half shelf bearings in industrial high-volume production. Computer simulations was made using ARTbear program...
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Cavitation Erosion Resistance Influence of Material Properties
PublicationThe cavitation erosion is the phenomena that causes degradation of fluid flow machinery components due to repetitive implosion of cavitation bubbles adjacent to the solid surface. Cavitation erosion is a complex phenomenon, which includes not only hydrodynamic factors of liquid, but also properties of erodible material e.g. microstructure, hardness or Young modulus. In order to reduce the negative impact of erosion on machine components,...
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A comparative performance assessment of a hydrodynamic journal bearing lubricated with oil and magnetorheological fluid
PublicationThis work presents the investigation results of a journal bearing lubricated with magnetorheological fluid that is activated by a local constant magnetic field to vary both the local flow resistance and pressure. The bearing performance is assessed via Finite Element Modelling (FEM) and results are corroborated by experiments. The FEM model uses the Bingham model to describe the fluid film. A dedicated test rig is used to assess...
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Assessing the industrialization progress of hydrodynamic cavitation process intensification technology: a review
PublicationHydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely acknowledged as a promising green approach for enhancing various production and waste management processes, such as water treatment, sludge pretreatment, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) pretreatment, emulsification, and food processing. Despite demonstrating superior industrialization potential compared with other emerging technologies such as ultrasound and microwave, the widespread commercial...
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The effect of the exposure-in-oil on the contact of the polymers forming sliding layers in hydrodynamic bearings. Wpływ ekspozycji w oleju na kąt zwilżania polimerów stosowanych na warstwy ślizgowe w łożyskach hydrodynamicznych.
PublicationPolimery stosowane jako warstwy ślizgowe w hydrodynamicznych łożyskach wzdłużnych to zazwyczaj tworzywa termoplastyczne charakteryzujące się relatywnie wysokimi wartościami kątów zwilżania w porównaniu z metalami. Metale, w tym również Babbitt czy inne stopy łożyskowe, cechują niskie wartości kątów zwilżania. Im niższy kąt, tym powierzchnia lepiej się zwilża. Tworzywa sztuczne wykorzystywane w węzłach tribologicznych mających zapewnić...
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HYDROSTATIC THRUST BEARING WITH REDUCED POWER LOSSES
PublicationIn many cases in rotating machinery, axial load is carried by tilting pad thrust bearings which have been developed since the beginning of 20th century. For high reliability and simplicity, most commonly the bearings are bath lubricated. In the times of sustainable development, however, minimization of friction losses becomes an important criterion for machinery assessment, and a strategic goal of their development. Performed calculations,...
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Determination of the dynamic critical maneuvering area in an encounter between two vessels: Operation with negligible environmental disruption
PublicationThis paper introduces the concept of Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area (CADCA) for onboard Decision Support Systems (DSS). The indicator proposed is derived via identification of a minimum required maneuvering zone in an encounter between two vessels. The CADCA model accounts for ship maneuvering dynamics and associated hydrodynamic actions emerging from different rudder angles and forward speed effects. The method presented...
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Experimental research on a hydrodynamic thrust bearing with hydrostatic lift pockets: Influence of lubrication modes on bearing performance
PublicationThe aim of the study is to investigate the performance of a thrust bearing equipped with hydrostatic lift pockets under different lubrication modes. Three types of flat land bearing lubrication modes are studied experimentally: hydrostatic lubrication (HS; forced oil injection to the pockets), hybrid lubrication (HS + HD; hydrostatic lubrication combined with the external forced bearing oil supply) and hydrodynamic lubrication...
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The hydrodynamic pressure field of the ship Zodiak, measurements and calculations
PublicationThe article presents the results of measurements of the slowly changing hydrodynamic pressure field HPF generated by the movement of the ship, Zodiak, in the Bay of Gdansk. The measurement results have been obtained in the framework of the program of the work in Siramis, under the auspices of the European Defence Administration of the EU, by the research team of the Naval Academy in Gdynia. The measurement results were compared with...
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Modeling of performance of a AUV vehicle towards limiting the hydro-acoustic field.
PublicationSome results of research devoted to the modeling of a AUV-Stealth vehicle performance towards limiting its hydro-acoustic field are presented in the paper. At the beginning the AUV-Stealth autonomous underwater vehicle concept is described. Then the method of research is introduced. Next the key design drivers of the AUV-Stealth vehicle are presented. Between them are the AUV-Stealth hull form, arrangement of internal spaces,...
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Experimental research on marine oil-lubricated stern tube bearing
PublicationBearings of propeller shafts are very crucial elements of the propulsion system of each of the ships. The safety of shipping depends on their durability and reliability. The new legal restrictions mean that today we are looking for environmentally friendly solutions. That is why water-lubricated bearings are becoming more and more popular. So, will oil-lubricated shaft bearings belong to the past? The bearing with a white metal...
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Experimental study on the selected aspects of bow thruster generated flow field at ship zero-speed conditions
PublicationThe paper presents the results of experimental study on the interaction between the bow thrusters understood as the flow field changes generated by bow tunnel thruster in deep water conditions operated as a single and twin units. The research was limited to zero-speed case for the ship dead in the water. The influence of the hull form and jet spread between the neighbouring thrusters for several combinations of the applied bow...
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ADAPTIVE BACKSTEPPING TRACKING CONTROL FOR OVER-ACTUATED DP MARINE VESSEL WITH INERTIA UNCERTAINTIES
PublicationDesigning a tracking control system for an over-actuated dynamic positioning marine vessel in the case of insufficient information on environmental disturbances, hydrodynamic damping, Coriolis forces and vessel inertia characteristics is considered. The designed adaptive MIMO backstepping control law with control allocation is based on Lyapunov control theory for cascaded systems to guarantee stabilization of the marine vessel...
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DESIGN AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF A PROTOTYPE TILTING-PAD RADIAL BEARING WITH ADJUSTABLE CLEARANCE
PublicationThe article introduces a design and analysis results of a prototype ORC (organic Rankine cycle) turbo generator rotor assembly of 300kW power, supported by tilting-pad bearings of original design. The calculations were performed for a prototype turbo generator rotor. The shaft of this machine is supported with two radial bearings, lubricated with an unusual lubricant – a low-boiling-point agent. The main objective of the presented...
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RESEARCH ON HYDRODYNAMIC PEEK JOURNAL BEARINGS LUBRICATED WITH WATER AND OIL
PublicationThe main purpose of the research was to determine the possibilities and experimentally test the benefits of replacing conventional oil lubrication with ecological water lubrication. Tests were carried out on a test rig for hydrodynamic radial bearings under conditions representative of the expected applications for the bearing in water turbines. Bearings made from the polymer material PEEK (polyether ether ketone) were tested under static...
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Vortex flow caused by periodic and aperiodic sound in a relaxing maxwell fluid
PublicationThis paper concerns the description of vortex flow generated by periodic and aperiodic sound in relaxing Maxwell fluid. The analysis is based on governing equation of vorticity mode, which is a result of decomposition of the hydrodynamic equations for fluid flow with relaxation and thermal conductivity into acoustical and non-acoustical parts. The equation governing vorticity mode uses only instantaneous, not averaged over sound...
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A New Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller with PID Sliding Surface for Underwater Manipulators
PublicationDesign of an accurate and robust controller is challenging topic in underwater manipulator control. This is due to hydrodynamic disturbances in underwater environment. In this paper a sliding mode control (SMC) included a PID sliding surface and fuzzy tunable gain is designed. In this proposed controller robustness property of SMC and fast response of PID are incorporated with fuzzy rules to reduce error tracking. In the control...
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Research into the Movements of Surface Water Masses in the Basins Adjacent to the Port
PublicationThis paper presents the results of the practical and simulation research into determining the routes of movement of small objects moving together with surface water masses in basins adjacent to the port. The results of this research were referenced against the modelling of routes of small objects in port channel basins. The results of practical research concerning the movement of small objects in basins adjacent to the port were...
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Analysis of the Hydrodynamic Properties of the 3-Column Spar Platform for Offshore Wind Turbines
PublicationThe article presents a design of a floating platform for offshore wind turbines. The concept is a modification of the Spar design and consists of three variable section columns connected to each other by a ballast tank in the lower part of the platform. This solution makes it possible to influence the position of the centre of buoyancy and the centre of mass of the structure. Compared to the classic Spar platform structure, the...
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Investigation of the thermal effects in water-lubricated journal bearings with axial grooves
PublicationWater-lubricated hydrodynamic journal bearings are frequently applied as stern tube bearings due to their advantages over other bearing types. They are environmentally friendly, can operate without sealings and in conditions of low friction losses. The most popular are bearings with open axial grooves, which require, for proper operation, forced axial flow of the lubricating water. Correctly designed and operated stern tube bearings...
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SLIDING MODE-PID FUZZY CONTROLLER WITH A NEW REACHING MODE FOR UNDERWATER ROBOTIC MANIPULATORS
PublicationDesign of an accurate and robust controller is a challenging topic in an underwater manipulator control. This is due to hydrodynamic disturbances in underwater environment. In this paper a sliding mode control (SMC) included a PID sliding surface and fuzzy tunable gain is designed. In this proposed controller robustness property of SMC and fast response of PID are incorporated with fuzzy rules to reduce error tracking. In the...
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Analysis of hydrodynamic pressure fields of motorboats and pontoons in shallow water
PublicationThe article presents the results of calculations of the pressure fields generated by a motorboat at the bottom of a shallow sea. Calculations were made using the boundary elements method (BEM), arranged on the surface of the boat and the bottom of the sea. This method is described in [3], and applied on a free surface linearized boundary condition. Results for four different lengths of motorboats, from 2.85 m to 9.5 m, sea depth...
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Comparison between measured and calculated underwater pressure of merchant ship
PublicationFrom 2012 The Polish Naval Academy take part in an international research project SIRAMIS, carried out in the framework of the European Defence Agency. The objective of this project is to improve the understanding of ship signature interaction with multi influence sensors in relevant and realistic scenario's. This paper describes selected results of the comparison results of sea trials and model calculations of the hydrodynamic...
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Assessment of under power ed propulsion machinery in electrically driven small inland waterway passenger ships from classification society point of view
PublicationPaper presents short operat ional a nd engineering analysis of underpowered propulsion in small electrically propelled small inland passenger ships. There is evidence that in certain weather conditions the phenomena of added aerodynamic resistance of small water crafts may have seriou s influence on their speed and manoeuvrability. Existing regulations like class societies rules for ship classification and construction or EU Directive 2006/87/EC do...
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ASSESSMENT OF UNDERPOWER ED PROPULSION MACHINERY IN ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN SMALL INLAND WATERWAY PASSENGER SHIPS FROM CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY POINT OF View
PublicationPaper presents short operat ional a nd engineering analysis of underpowered propulsion in small electrically propelled small inland passenger ships. There is evidence that in certain weather conditions the phenomena of added aerodynamic resistance of small water crafts may have serious influence on their speed and manoeuvrability. Existing regulations like class societies rules for ship classification and construction or EU Directive 2006/87/EC do...
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Acoustic streaming caused by some types of aperiodic sound. Buildup of acoustic streaming
PublicationThe analysis of streaming caused by aperiodic sound of different types (switched on at transducer sound or sound determined by initial conditions) is undertaken. The analysis bases on analytical governing equation for streaming Eulerian velocity, which is a result of decomposition of the hydrodynamic equations into acoustic and non-acoustic parts. Its driving force (of acoustic nature) represents a sum of two terms; one is the...
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A comparative analysis of numerically simulated and experimentally measured static responses of a floating dock
PublicationTwo numerical methods, dynamic and static analyses, are proposed to calculate the static responses of a floating dock under different ballast water distributions. Model-scale experimental tests were conducted to compare with these numerical methods. The dynamic analysis includes a 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) model, a hydrostatic force model and a hydrodynamic force model to simulate the dock's freely floating processes. The dock's...