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Search results for: hybrid photovoltaics
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The model of photovoltaic phenomenon in thin inhomogeneously organic film
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono model zjawiska fotowoltaicznego w obecności gradientu pułapek nośników ładunku. Zakładając, że długość dyfuzji ekscytonów związana jest z koncentracją pułapek, wykazano, że napięcie fotowoltaiczne silnie zależy od gradientu koncentracji pułapek.
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Application of commercial supercapacitor modules in autonomic photovoltaic installations
PublicationDynamiczny rozwój technologii i konstrukcji superkondensatorów, napędzany głównie potrzebami przemysłu motoryzacyjnego pozwala na stwierdzenie, że stają się one coraz bardziej realną alternatywą dla konwencjonalnych akumulatorów stosowanych w autonomicznych instalacjach fotowoltaicznych.Za ich stosowaniem przemawiają takie zalety jak: możliwość szybkiego ładowania i rozładowania, wielokrotnie wyższa trwałość, bezobsługowość eksploatacji...
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Photovoltaic solar energy development in the Baltic Sea Region
PublicationInformacje zawarte w tym artykule odzwierciedlają różnorodność rozwoju technologii fotowoltaicznych i różnorodność etapów realizacji PV przez kraje regionu Morza Bałtyckiego (Dania, Finlandia, Niemcy, Łotwa, Litwa, Szwecja, Polska, Estonia).
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Tripping limitations of residual current devices in photovoltaic installations
PublicationIn electrical installations with photovoltaic sources of energy, earth fault current may comprise alternating current component and direct current component. The waveform shape of this earth fault current mainly depends on the point of the fault and the properties of a photovoltaic power electronics converter. The waveform shape of the current influences operation of protection devices, especially tripping threshold of residual...
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Decrease in Photovoltaic Module Efficiency Due to Deposition of Pollutants
PublicationThe deposition of pollutants on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) modules reduce the efficiency that can be achieved in given climatic conditions. This results in the loss of energy yield obtained from the solar installation. A number of factors determine the scale of this problem. The first of these is the amount of impurities deposited, the associated amount of precipitation, and the speed and direction of the wind. A second aspect...
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Photovoltaic maximum power point varying with illumination and temperature
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych zmian położenia punktu maksymalnej mocy na charakterystyce prądowo-napięciowej modułu ogniw fotowoltaicznych, związanych ze zmieniającą się temperaturą i natężeniem padającego promieniowania. Badano czas narastania napięcia pracy i temperatury ogniw w początkowej fazie ekspozycji na promieniowanie słoneczne. Przedstawiono niektóre praktyczne aspekty zastosowania układu automatycznego...
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A Comparison of Gaseous Emissions from a Hybrid Vehicle and a Non-Hybrid Vehicle under Real Driving Conditions
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Appraisal of a hybrid air cleaning process
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Dynamic soil improvement by hybrid technologies
PublicationHybrid method of subsoil improvement for road embankment foundation is described. This method is composed of two wellknown methods: dynamic replacement (DR) and microblasting (DDC) one (Deep Dynamic Compaction). The method was used for both the strengthening of the fully saturated organic subsoil as well as for acceleration of the consolidation of the organic layers. The practice ensures the expected results. A proper example on...
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Hybrid model of geared rotor system
PublicationIn the paper a hybrid model of a geared multirotor system has been developed. The model is obtained by application of both the modal decomposition methodology and the spatial discretization method. Reduced modal model was constructed for the system without gyroscopic and damping effects. The gyroscopic interaction, damping and other phenomena which are difficult to include in the modal approach were modeled by application of simply...
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Modern Hybrid Excited Electric Machines
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Hybrid Approach to Networked Control System
PublicationEffcient control of Networked Control System (NCS) is a challenge, as the control methods need to deal with non-deterministic variable delays and data loss. This paper presents a novel hybrid approach to NCS where Model Predictive Control (MPC) is applied as a main controller and implicit switching MPC is used for data transmission control in event-driven shared communication medium, leading to complex control system with active...
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Hybrid approach to ontology specification and development
PublicationIn this chapter a first draft of a hybrid ontology development approach is presented. The context of this method encompasses the multi-agent system equipped with knowledge bases and inferring engine. The process of ontology engineering appears as a complex issue, as it addresses different point-views of both, a client and a modeler with a requirements/system analyst. Regarding this, an approach based on the knowledge preprocessing...
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Hybrid model of moving or rotating continua
PublicationThe paper introduces the method of the model reduction of systems that experience a Coriolis acceleration or gyroscopic effect component. In such causes that corresponding system equations are non-self-adjoined. Modal reduced model is built up for the system without Coriolis or gyroscopic effect terms. These phenomena are next included by application of any lumping technique. Hence, the final reduced model is a hybrid one, obtained...
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Hybrid Model of Axially Moving Continua
PublicationThe paper introduces the method of the model reduction of systems that experience a Coriolis acceleration component. It causes that system equations are non-self-adjoined. To avoid such problem modal, reduced model is built up for the system without Coriolis acceleration terms which are next included by application of any lumping technique. Hence, the final reduced model is a hybrid one, obtained by both lumping and modal methods...
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The reliability of ring, star and hybrid networks
PublicationJednym z parametrów charakteryzującym jakość sieci jest jej niezawodność. Rozważono sieci o topologiach drzewiastych, gwiaździstych, pętlowych, wielo-pętlowych oraz mieszanych. Przyjęto następujący model uszkodzeń. Węzły oraz kanały sieci ulegają uszkodzeniom z określonym prawdopodobieństwem, uszkodzenia elementów sieci są od siebie statystycznie niezależne. Jako oceny niezawodności sieci przyjęto: średnią liczbę sprawnych par...
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WETTABILITY OF HYBRID CHITOSAN/PHOSPHOLIPID COATINGS
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Hybrid Reduced Model of Continuous System
PublicationThe paper introduces an alternative method of modelling and modal reduction of continuous systems. Presented method is a hybrid one. It combines the advantages of modal decomposition method and the rigid finite element method. In the proposed method continuous structure is divided into one-dimensional continuous elements. For each 1D element modal decomposition and reduction is applied. Interactions between substructures are...
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Experimental tests of lintel hybrid beams
PublicationThe results of experimental tests of lintel hybrid beams made of air concrete and prestressed concrete were presented in paper. Blocks of air concrete was a protective element for the construction one. The length of hybrid beams was 3.0 m, while total height 27 cm. It was assumed that hybrid beams will work in the simply-supported scheme (with a 10 cm support) loaded uniformly over the entire length. The object of the tests were...
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Selected Issues of Hybrid Outboard Motors
PublicationThe aim of the research reported in the article was designing a hybrid drive system based on an outboard internal combustion engine offered by a selected producer and testing its operating characteristics. The article presents different designs of this type of drive which can be found in the literature and are available in the market. The designed hybrid outboard drive system was tested both on the laboratory test rig and in real...
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Hybrid hydrophilic polymer/montmorillonite systems
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Deep learning-enabled integration of renewable energy sources through photovoltaics in buildings
PublicationInstalling photovoltaic (PV) systems in buildings is one of the most effective strategies for achieving sustainable energy goals and reducing carbon emissions. However, the requirement for efficient energy management, the fluctuating energy demands, and the intermittent nature of solar power are a few of the obstacles to the seamless integration of PV systems into buildings. These complexities surpass the capabilities of rule-based...
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Photovoltaic module temperature stabilization with the use of phase change materials
PublicationThe worldwide growth of photovoltaics (PVs) has formed an exponential curve for more than four decades. During this period of time, PVs have evolved from a pure niche market of small-scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. The influence of temperature on the electrical parameters of crystalline silicon solar cells and solar modules is well described in the literature. In order to diminish these effects,...
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CURRENT TRENDS IN RECYCLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES WASTE
PublicationIn comparison to other energy producing techniques, photovoltaics (PV) is one of the most promising options: no emission of any matter into the environment during operation; extremely long operation period (estimated average: 25 years), minimum maintenance, robust technique, aesthetic aspects. The use of photovoltaics is rapidly increasing, and the respective market is developing accordingly. Although PV manufacturing equipment...
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Recycling of Photovoltaic Solar Cells and Modules - Te State - Of - Art
PublicationIn comparison to other energy producing techniques, photovoltaics (PV) is one of the most promising options: no emission of any matter into the environment during operation; extremely long operation period (estimated average: 25 years), minimum maintenance, robust technique, aesthetic aspects. The use of photovoltaics is rapidly increasing, and the respective market is developing accordingly. Although PV manufacturing equipment...
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The author's technology for the recovery of materials from the silicon photovoltaic cells
PublicationOdzyskanie czystego krzemu z uszkodzonych lub wycofanych z eksploatacji modułów PV może prowadzić do korzyści ekonomicznych i ekologicznych. Ze względu na wysokie wymagania jakościowe, dotyczące odzyskiwanego krzemu, procesy chemiczne są najważniejszym etapem w recyklingu ogniw PV. W artykule przedstawiono przykłady i możliwości odzyskania materiałów ze zużytych lub uszkodzonych ogniw fotowoltaicznych z krystalicznego krzemu oraz...
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Photovoltaic bulk heterojunctions with interpenetrating network based on semiconducting polymers
PublicationPhotovoltaic cells are supposed to be the most common generators of useful electricity in the nearest future as they utilize inexhaustible carriers of renewable energy called photons. Despite the fact that 95% of worldwide applied photovoltaic devices are based on inorganic semiconductors the area of organic photovoltaics grows successively due to possibility of considerable reduction of manufacturing costs. Since the Heeger's...
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Recycling and Reuse Treatment Technologies for Photovoltaic Cells and Modules - a Review
PublicationŚredni czas życia modułów fotowoltaicznych wynosi obecnie ponad 25 lat. Dla Europy oczekuje się rozpoczęcia okresu końca życia modułów montowanych na skalę masową w 2040 r. - szacuje się wzrost odpadów pochodzących z modułów PV do 33 500 ton. Zagospodarowanie wycofanych z użytku elementów systemów PV może stać się problemem w związku z ciągle rosnącą produkcją modułów fotowoltaicznych. Mogą i powinny być one poddane recyklingowi,...
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CLEANING METHODS FOR DUST DEPOSITED ON THE FRONT COVER OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE
PublicationPhotovoltaic modules are one of the renewable energy sources with great potential for application in various regions of the world as well as for different terrain. They are, however, sensitive to external factors, affecting the overall amount of energy generated, such as solar irradiance, shading effects and any form of soil build-up on the front glass cover of solar device. The latter issue happens over a course of weeks, months...
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Recycling of photovoltaic modules - legal status, technology, market prospects
PublicationThe increase in the number of manufactured and installed photovoltaic modules and the growing concern about the insufficient supply of pure silicon imply the need to take action to develop infrastructure for recycling PV modules. The article presents a multifaceted analysis of the current state of development of the photovoltaic module recycling sector from a global and national perspective. The essence of the issue was introduced...
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Light intensity analysis of photovoltaic parameters for perovskite solar cells
PublicationThe number of publications on perovskite solar cells (PSC) continues to grow exponentially. Although the efficiency of PSC is exceeded 25.5%, not every research laboratory can reproduce this result or even pass the border of 20%. Unfortunately, it is not always clear which dominating mechanism is responsible for the performance drop. Here, we develop a simple method of light intensity analysis of JV parameters allowing the understanding...
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Energy Yield Generated by a Small Building Integrated Photovoltaic Installation
PublicationIn the recent years photovoltaic (PV) industry has experienced a major growth, caused by the ever present annual decrease in module production prices and the expanding awareness of the general public in terms of renewable energy. There are numerous ways to implement PV modules as an additional energy source for a building, be it mounted on the rooftop, or building integrated (BIPV). An analysis of BIPV consisting of 8 modules with...
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Photovoltaic Roof Tiles: The Influence of Heat Recovery on Overall Performance
PublicationA photovoltaic (PV) roof tile serves both as a roofing material and as an electricity-producing surface. The main aim of the present study was to increase the overall system efficiency of PV tiles by using heat recovery. The chosen strategy was two-fold: determine the operational efficiency of PV tiles and optimize construction to increase the cooling effect when using air as the working medium. A detailed experimental study was...
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Parametric optimization of hybrid metalworking machinery quality
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LOW NOISE TIRES FOR HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES
PublicationLow Emission Vehicles that are hybrid and electric cars may benefit from specially designed tires that are optimized for driving conditions typical for such vehicles. It is possible that in the future Low Emission Vehicles, especially passenger cars, will substitute conventional vehicles in all applications, however for the time being they are mostly used in urban and suburban areas. Urban traffic has a rather low demand for grip...
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Research on Innovative Hybrid Excited Synchronous Machine
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Purification of oily wastewater by hybrid UF/MD
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Numerical simulations of S700MC laser and hybrid welding
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Hybrid electrode materials for fast performance devices
PublicationEnergy storage devices such as Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors and other types of the electrochemical capacitors require chemically stable, non-soluble, electrochemically active electrode materials compatible with appropriate electrolytes. Factors which determine their applicability are derived from so called electrochemical window of electroltes, nature of charge accumulation and their kinetics. On the other hand technological...
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Suitability study of hybrid model of electrodynamic actuator
PublicationThis paper presents the proposal of the hybrid circuit-field model of an electrodynamic actuator. The field model uses the inductor current as the input data which is obtained from the circuit model or experimentally. The field model implemented using the FLUX program makes it possible to easily determine the pressure distribution acting on the disc. The results have been verified experimentally.
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Innovative design of hybrid powered inland vessel
PublicationOne of the most demanding task for European countries is rational transportation system taking into account fuel efficient and ecological propulsion. The paper presents innovative design of hybrid powered inland vessel. The most important aspects regarding new design and technical solutions are being presented, including numerical and experimental research on hull form. Combined diesel-electric propulsion supported by solar panel...
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Suitability study of hybrid model of electrodynamic actuator
PublicationThe paper presents the proposal of the hybrid circumferential model of an electrodynamic actuator. The field model uses the inductor current as the input data which is obtained from the circumferential model or experimentally.
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A study on performance of planing-wing hybrid craft
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The chitosan – Porphyrazine hybrid materials and their photochemical properties
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Hybrid Obfuscation Technique for Reverse Engineering Problems
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Hybrid, Approximate Models of Distributed-Parameter Systems
PublicationThe paper introduces the method of distributed-parameter systems modelling. It enables to obtain low order modal model of the system that experiences Coriolis acceleration component and gyroscopic effect. In such cases, corresponding system equations are non-self-adjoined. To solve this problem modal reduced model is built up for the system without Coriolis acceleration or gyroscopic effect terms. These phenomena are next included...
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Pathways of Nitrogen Removal in Hybrid Treatment Wetlands
PublicationHybrid Treatment Wetlands (HTWs) are composed of two or more filters with different modes of flow, allowing the benefits of both types of bed to be combined, resulting in better effluent quality (nitrogen and organic compounds removal). Such a heterogeneous environment creates possibilities for different mechanisms of nitrogen removal. The objective of the present study was to investigate the removal of nitrogen versus a range...
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Doubly miniaturized rat-race hybrid coupler
PublicationTwo complementary miniaturization techniques have beenapplied to reduce the size of a rat-race hybrid coupler: (i) conventional microstrip sections have been replaced with their diminished lowimpedance counterparts as the first step of size reduction and (ii) novel fractal-shaped compact microstrip resonant cells dedicated to efficiently shorten low-impedance transmission line segments have been implemented as the second step of...
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Testbed for development and verification of hybrid localization systems
PublicationIn this paper a testbed for development and verification of hybrid localization systems is presented. It allows for systematic analysis of hybrid localization methods and speed up the development of new schemes. The proposed testbed platform is composed of subsystem for sequential data collection and testing infrastructure that can be used for investigating the localization mechanisms in controllable environment.
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Hybrid System for Ship-Aided Design Automation
PublicationA hybrid support system for ship design based on the methodology of CBR with some artificial intelligence tools such as expert system Exsys Developer along with fuzzy logic, relational Access database and artificial neural network with backward propagation of errors.