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Search results for: UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS
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Underwater Acoustic Imaging of the Sea
PublicationAcoustic waves are a carrier of information mainly in environments where the use of other types of waves, for example electromagnetic waves, is limited. The term acoustical imaging is widely used in the ultrasonic engineering to imaging areas in which the acoustic waves propagate. In particular, ultrasound is widely used in the visualization of human organs - ultrasonography (Nowicki, 2010). Expanding the concept, acoustical imaging...
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Seafloor Characterisation Using Underwater Acoustic Devices
PublicationThe problem of seafloor characterisation is important in the context of management as well as investigation and protection of the marine environment. In the first part of the paper, a review of underwater acoustic technology and methodology used in seafloor characterisation is presented. It consists of the techniques based on the use of singlebeam echosounders and seismic sources, along with those developed for the use of sidescan...
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Application of OFDM technique to underwater acoustic data transmission
PublicationPerformances of underwater acoustic communication (UAC) digital systems are strongly related to specific transmission properties of the underwater channel. Depending on the characteristics of the channel, an architecture and modulation techniques are usually implemented that are known as reliable solutions for data transmission in difficult radio channels. The OFDM technique seems to be the most promising nowadays. The parameters...
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Considerations of Adaptive Digital Communications in Underwater Acoustic Channel
PublicationDown-link communication (DLC) and air transportable communication (ATAC) buoys as well as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) use acoustic links for gathering oceanographic data from underwater monitoring systems. The underwater channel propagation conditions are diverse in nature and require a special adaptive approach to the communication system design. The article presents a methodology for the communication systems design,...
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Underwater Acoustic Communications in Time-Varying Dispersive Channels
PublicationUnderwater acoustic communication (UAC) system designers tend to transmit as much information as possible, per unit of time, at as low as possible error rate. However, the bit rate achieved in UAC systems is much lower than for wire or radio-communication systems. This is due to disadvantageous properties of the UAC channels, namely the sea and inland waters. Estimation of UAC channel transmission properties is possible within...
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Shallow Water Experiment of OFDM Underwater Acoustic Communications
PublicationThe large variability of communication properties of underwater acoustic channels, and especially the strongly varying instantaneous conditions in shallow waters, is a challenge for the designers of underwater acoustic communication (UAC) systems. The use of phase modulated signals does not allow reliable data transmission through such a tough communication channel. However, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), being...
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Estimation of Coherence Bandwidth for Underwater Acoustic Communication Channel
PublicationA shallow underwater acoustic communication channel is characterized by strong multipath propagation. The signal reaching the receiver consists of a direct waveform and a number of its delayed and suppressed replica. A significant time dispersion of the transmitted signal and selective fading of its spectrum are observed. Coherence bandwidth defines maximal bandwidth, wherein the channel amplitude characteristic remains constant...
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Underwater acoustic communications system with error correction and synchronization coding
PublicationNiezawodna transmisja danych w wielodrogowym i niestacjonarnym płytkim kanale podwodnym wymaga zastosowania efektywnej techniki modulacji oraz equalizacji adaptacyjnej. W zaproponowanym artykule w systemie transmisji danych zastosowano modulację OFDM oraz equalizację adaptacyjną opartą o filtrację Kalmana. Ponadto zaimplementowano dwie techniki kodowania: FEC w celu eliminacji błędów transmisji oraz kodowanie pseudoszumowe, którego...
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Modeling of active fiber Bragg grating underwater acoustic sensor.
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki modelowania nowego typu przetwornika hydroakustycznego wykorzystującego światłowodową siatkę Bragga. Siatka ta, domieszkowana jonami pierwiastków ziem rzadkich, pracuje jako laser z rozłożonym sprzężeniem zwrotnym, co pozwala na znaczne zwiększenie czułości tego prztwornika w porównaniu z rozwiązaniami wykorzystującymi siatki pasywne. W celu uzyskania równomiernego rozkładu naprężeń siatki zastosowano...
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Synchronization system for underwater acoustic communications using in shallow waters
PublicationA reliable synchronization system of the transmitted data frame has a significant impact on the efficiency of the underwater communication system. This applies in particular to communication systems dedicated to work in shallow waters, where the phenomenon of multipath permanently occurs. To overcome these difficulties, the concept of a synchronization system consisting of two broadband signals of opposite monotonicity was presented....
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Limitations of WSSUS modeling of stationary underwater acoustic communication channel
PublicationPerformances of underwater acoustic communication (UAC) systems are strongly related to specific propagation conditions of the underwater channel. Due to their large variability, there is a need for adaptive matching of the UAC systems signaling to the transmission properties of the channel. This requires a knowledge of instantaneous channel characteristics, in terms of the specific parameters of stochastic models. The wide-sense...
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Wake-Up Receiver for Underwater Acoustic Communication Using in Shallow Water
PublicationA data frame transmitted over the underwater acoustic channel usually begins with a preamble. Therefore, underwater communication systems have a dedicated receiver that constantly listens to the preamble signals. A receiver that is to work effectively in shallow waters must have solutions that effectively reduce the impact of the permanently occurring multipath propagation. The article presents a solution based on complementary...
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Performance of Coherent Modulation Scheme Used in Acoustic Underwater Communication System
PublicationThe development of an acoustic underwater communication system for shallow waters is still a big scientificand construction challenge. Currently, non-coherent modulations in combination with strong channel coding are used to achieve reliable communication with low rate in such a channel. To obtain transmission with a higher transmission rate, it is required to use coherent modulation. This paper presents the assumptions of such...
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Probe signal processing for channel estimation in underwater acoustic communication system
PublicationUnderwater acoustic communication channels are characterized by a large variety of propagation conditions. Designing a reliable communication system requires knowledge of the transmission parameters of the channel, namely multipath delay spread, Doppler spread, coherence time, and coherence bandwidth. However, the possibilities of its estimation in a realtime underwater communication system are limited, mainly due to the computational...
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Testing the Wide-Sense Stationarity of Bandpass Signals for Underwater Acoustic Communications
PublicationThe Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) systems work in communication channels characterized by a large variety of multipath propagation conditions that can additionally change over time. Designing a reliable communication system requires knowledge of the transmission parameters of the channel. There is a need for the development of adaptive signaling schemes that would dynamically optimize the signal parameters of the physical...
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Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Technique for Underwater Acoustic Communication System
PublicationThe performance of an underwater acoustic communication (UAC) system is limited due to tough propagation conditions in the UAC channel. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technique can improve the reliability of the data transmission system, increase its speed, increase its range, and reduce the energy consumption. The paper presents an implementation method of MIMO technique in the form of coding the Space-Time Block Code and...
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System identification theory-based estimation of underwater acoustic channel for broadband communications.
PublicationPłytki kanał podwodny jest niestacjonarny z powodu wielokrotnych odbić fal dźwiękowych od powierzchni wody oraz ruchu nadajnika i odbiornika systemu komunikacyjnego. Dla zapewnienia szybkiej transmisji danych niezbędna jest estymacja kanału oparta na equalizacji adaptacyjnej. W systemach komunikacji podwodnej stosowane są zazwyczaj equalizery DFE z zaimplementowanymi algorytmami najmniejszych kwadratów: LMS oraz RLS.W artykule...
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Underwater acoustic communication system using broadband signal with hyperbolically modulated frequency
PublicationThe implementation of reliable acoustic underwater communication in shallow waters is a scientific and engineering challenge, mainly due to the permanent occurrence of the multipath phenomenon. The article presents the concept of a transmission system using a broadband signal with hyperbolically modulated frequency (HFM) to transmit data symbols and synchronize data frames. The simulation tests were carried out in channels with...
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Adaptive Identification of Underwater Acoustic Channel with a Mix of Static and Time-Varying Parameters
PublicationWe consider the problem of identification of communication channels with a mix of static and time-varying parameters. Such scenarios are typical, among others, in underwater acoustics. In this paper, we further develop adaptive algorithms built on the local basis function (LBF) principle resulting in excellent performance when identifying time-varying systems. The main drawback of an LBF algorithm is its high complexity. The subsequently...
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ADAPTIVE IDENTIFICATION OF TIME-VARYING IMPULSE RESPONSE OF UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
PublicationThe transmission properties of underwater acoustic communication channel can change dynamically due to the movement of acoustic system transmitter and receiver or underwater objects reflecting transmitted signal. The time-varying impulse response measurement and estimation are necessary to match the physical layer of data transmission to instantaneous channel propagation conditions. Using the correlative measurement method, impulse...
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Adaptive identification of sparse underwater acoustic channels with a mix of static and time-varying parameters
PublicationWe consider identification of sparse linear systems with a mix of static and time-varying parameters. Such systems are typical in underwater acoustics (UWA), for instance, in applications requiring identi- fication of the acoustic channel, such as UWA communications, navigation and continuous-wave sonar. The recently proposed fast local basis function (fLBF) algorithm provides high performance when identi- fying time-varying systems....
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Stationary underwater channel experiment: Acoustic measurements and characteristics in the Bornholm area for model validations
PublicationThe underwater acoustical channel is time-variant, and even on small time scales there is often existing no ‘acoustical frozen ocean’. Popular is the use of WSSUS-channel transmission modeling (Wide-Sense Stationary Uncorrelated Scattering) for the stochastic description of bandpass signals in GSM mobile phones with moving participants; since this results in a halved number of model parameters. For underwater sound applications...
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IMPACT OF CAUSTICS ON ACOUSTICS OF WHISPERING GROTTOES IN THE OLIWA PARK IN GDAŃSK
PublicationIn the paper, caustics are discussed as ordered forms of focus broadening occurring in concave mirrors. An example of caustics created by the reflection of the light from the concave mirror is shown. Against this background, the possibility to observe caustics in rooms is pointed out. Special emphasis is put on large rooms of historic character, as such interiors frequently include acoustic mirrors in the form of arched vaults...
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Simulation of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Data Transmission System for Reliable Underwater Acoustic Communications
PublicationUnderwater acoustic communication (UAC) system designers tend to transmit as much information as possible, per unit of time, at as low as possible error rate. It is a particularly difficult task in a shallow underwater channel in which the signal suffers from strong time dispersion due to multipath propagation and refraction phenomena. The direct-sequence spread spectrum technique (DSSS) applied successfully in the latest standards...
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Study of probe signal bandwidth influence on estimation of coherence bandwidth for underwater acoustic communication channel
PublicationA signal transmitted in a shallow Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) channel suffers from time dispersion due to the multipath propagation and the refraction phenomena. This causes intersymbol interference of the received signal and frequency-selective fading observed in its spectrum. Coherence bandwidth is one of the key transmission parameters used for designing the physical layer of a data transmission system to minimise...
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A method for testing the wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering assumption fulfillment for an underwater acoustic channel
PublicationWide-sense stationary and uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) assumptions are often applied for the statistical description of wireless communication channels. However, in the case of underwater acoustic channels the WSSUS model is of limited value. The degree of similarity of in-phase and quadrature components of the channel impulse response, measured with the use of bandpass modulated signals, can be used as an indicator of WSSUS...
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Research and development on underwater acoustic systems at Polish Naval Academy and Gdansk University of Technology for the Polish Navy
PublicationWe wstępie artykułu wymieniono korzystne aspekty prawie pięćdziesięcioletniej współpracy obu Uczelni z polską Marynarką Wojenną. W dalszych częściach omówiono prace z dziedziny hydroakustyki wykonywane na rzecz Marynarki Wojennej w ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat. W Akademii MW w tym okresie były to głównie prace związane z pomiarami i analizami hydroakustycznych pól okrętów wraz z aplikacjami technicznymi tych analiz oraz aplikacje...
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Reliable OFDM Data Transmission with Pilot Tones and Error-Correction Coding in Shallow Underwater Acoustic Channel
PublicationThe performance of Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) systems are strongly related to the specific propagation conditions of the underwater channel. Horizontal, shallow-water channels are characterised by extremely disadvantageous transmission properties, due to strong multipath propagation and refraction phenomena. The paper presents the results of communication tests performed during a shallow, inland-water experiment with...
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A New Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Signal Detection Method for Underwater Acoustic Communications in Shallow-Water Channel
PublicationDirect-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) is one of the modulation and coding techniques used in Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) systems for reliable data transmision even at low signal levels. However, in a shallow water channel, there is a strong multipath propagation which causes a phase fluctuation of the received signal, affecting the performance of the spread-spectrum system. The article presents a differential method...
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Assessment of Wide-Sense Stationarity of an Underwater Acoustic Channel Based on a Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Probe Signal
PublicationThe performances of Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) systems are strongly related to the specific propagation conditions of the underwater channel. Designing the physical layer of a reliable data transmission system requires a knowledge of channel characteristics in terms of the specific parameters of the stochastic model. The Wide-Sense Stationary Uncorrelated Scattering (WSSUS) assumption simplifies the stochastic description...
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Performance of the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communication System with Differential Detection in Strong Multipath Propagation Conditions
PublicationThe underwater acoustic communication (UAC) operating in very shallow-water should ensure reliable transmission in conditions of strong multipath propagation, significantly disturbing the received signal. One of the techniques to achieve this goal is the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technique, which consists in binary phase shift keying (BPSK) according to a pseudo-random spreading sequence. This paper describes the DSSS...
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Underwater welding - a review
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono stan obecny oraz perspektywy rozwoju technik spawania pod wodą. Przeanalizowano najważniejsze problemy spawania w środowisku wodnym. Przedstawiono najważniejsze kierunki badań spawania podwodnego podejmowane w Katedrze Technologii Materiałów Maszynowych i Spawalnictwa Politechniki Gdańskiej
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Underwater Processing of Materials
PublicationEditorial do SI
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Transmission parameters of underwater communication channels
PublicationThe underwater environment is tough and demanding as a communication channel for ultrasonic signals. The channel transmission characteristics in marine and inland waters depend much on local bathymetry and changing weather conditions. The architecture and performance of a reliable underwater acoustic communication (UAC) system should allow real-time adaptation of its transmission parameters to a large variety of possible channel...
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Underwater Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel
PublicationThe present work was conducted to assess the weldability of duplex stainless steel at underwater conditions. Interest of underwater welding of this steel grade is connected with necessity of preparing welding repair technologies for subsea pipelines widely used in offshore oil and gas industry. The GMA local cavity welding method was used in the investigations. Welded beads were performed underwater at 0.5 m depth and in the air....
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Underwater welded joint properties investigation
PublicationPrzeprowadzono badania mikro- i makroskopowe złączy spawanych typu implant wykonanych pod wodą metodą lokalnej komory suchej. Wyniki badań świadczą o tym, że w SWC badanych złączy tworzą się kruche struktury hartownicze, które są odpowiedzialne za zwiększoną skłonność stali o podwyższonej wytrzymałości do tworzenia pęknieć zimnych. Analiza rozkładów twardości złączy implant również potwierdza istnienie szkodliwego wpływu środowiska...
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Modeling Dynamics of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle.
PublicationArtykuł dotyczy budowy modelu autonomicznego pojazdu podwodnego do celów syntezy układu sterowania pojazdem. Rozważany pojazd ma długośc ok. 1 m i 30 cm średnicy. Wyposażony jest w 5 pędników, które pozwalają na sterowanie w pięciu stopniach swobody. Do badań wykorzystano model o 4 stopniach swobody. Dokonano identyfikacji parametrycznej modelu. Model zrealizowano w środowisku programowym Matlab/Simulink.
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Role of bead sequence in underwater welding
PublicationThis paper presents examinations of the role of the bead sequence in underwater welding. Two specimens of wet welded layers made by covered electrodes with the use of normalized S355G10+N steel were welded by a reasonable bead sequence. For each specimen, metallographic macro- and micro-scopic tests were done. Then, Vickers HV10 hardness measurements were conducted for each pad weld in the welded layer. The results show that welding...
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Weldability of S500MC Steel in Underwater Conditions
PublicationWet welding with the use of covered electrodes is one of the methods of underwater welding. This method is the oldest, the most economic and the most versatile. The main difficulties during underwater wet welding are: high cooling rates of the joint, the presence of hydrogen in the arc area and formation of hard martensitic structure in the weld. These phenomena are often accompanied by porosity of welds and large number of spatters,...
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Inertial Sensors Applications in Underwater Measurements
PublicationOver the past decades microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) researchers have demonstrated a number of microsensors for almost every possible sensing modality, including attitudes. Current MEMS inertial measurement units (IMU) come in many shapes, sizes, and costs — depending on the application, and performance required. MEMS sensors have proved and demonstrated performance exceeding those of their macroscale counterpart sensors. In...
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A parametric method for preliminary determination of underwater vehiclesdeadweight
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Smart Underwater Positioning System and Simultaneous Communication
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New methods of underwater ship noise classification
PublicationDetekcja, klasyfikacj, identyfikacja i rozpoznanie cech hałasu generowanego przez statki jest bardzo istotna z punku widzenia naukowego i obronnego. Włożono wiele wysiłku w rozwój technologii sonarów pasywnych, która umożliwia zastosowanie hałasów podwodnych do celów praktycznych. Przedstawiono wyniki badań, które ukazują możliwości wykorzystania sieci neuronowej do klasyfikacji źródeł generowanych przez układy mechaniczne, odpowiadających...
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CFD and FEM model of an underwater vehicle propeller
PublicationDuring the project execution of design and optimization the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) research on its propulsion has been carried out. The entire project was supported by CFD and FEM calculations, which taking into account the characteristics of underwater vehicle. One of the tasks was to optimize the semi-open duct for horizontal propellers, which provided propulsion and controllability in horizontal plane. In order to...
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Synthesis of autonomous underwater vehicle control system.
PublicationArtykuł dotyczy parametrycznej identyfikacji systemu sterowania autonomicznego pojazdu podwodnego.Badania opierają sie na modelu pojazdu o 4 stopniach swobody, zrealizowanym w środowisku programowym Matlab/Simulink. Zastosowano wielowymiarowy nieliniowy regulator PID. Przedstawiono wyniki symulacji zaprojektowanego układu sterowania.
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OFDM modulation and adaptive equalisation for underwater communications.
PublicationWłasności transmisyjne płytkiego kanału podwodnego są ograniczone ze względu na wielokrotne odbicia fal dźwiękowych od dna i powierzchni wody oraz ze względu na niestacionarność powodowaną głównie przez ruch powierzchni wody. W celu minimalizacji wpływu interferencji międzysymbolowych, powodowanych przez wielodrogową propagację fal dźwiękowych, w tradycyjnych wąskopasmowych modemach telekomunikacyjnych stosowane są złożone equalizery...
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Underwater Local Cavity Welding of S460N Steel
PublicationIn this paper, a comparison of the mechanical properties of high-strength low-alloy S460Nsteel welded joints is presented. The welded joints were made by the gas metal arc welding (GMAW)process in the air environment and water, by the local cavity welding method. Welded joints were testedfollowing the EN ISO 15614-1:2017 standard. After welding, the non-destructive—visual, penetrant,radiographic, and ultrasonic (phased array) tests...
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Triangular 3D Laser Scanning in Underwater Photogrammetry
PublicationThe use of triangular 3D laser scanning may significantly enhance the visual inspection of underwater objects. In these days of high demand for accurate information, exclusively photographic documentation is not enough, as it is geometrically flawed. The authors of this article are trying to present the rudiments of laser scanning, a modern means of measuring, which is reliable, relatively easy to use and works in accordance with...
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Weldability of high strength steel in underwater environment
PublicationThe article describes the problems with weldability of high-strength steels in the aquatic environment. The tendency of steel S355J2G3 and S500M to form cold cracks when welded in wet welding conditions has been experimentally evaluated. It was found that the tested steels have a high propensity to cracking. An experiment has been proposed and tested to evaluate the usefulness of the tempering bead technique as a method of improving...
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The development of an underwater telephone for digital communication purposes
PublicationThe underwater telephone HTL-10 has been designed to provide voice and data communication between helicopter and submarines using acoustic waves. It works in a half-duplex mode and uses analogue power-efficient modulation in the form of a single side-band, suppressed carrier, in a wide range of frequencies. It generates the transmitted signal, and processes the received signals. It is implemented with the use of digital signal...