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Search results for: flame retardancy
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Mechanism of MxOynanoparticles/CNTs for catalytic carbonization of polyethylene and application to flame retardancy
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Recycling of Polyurethanes Containing Flame-Retardants and Polymer Waste Transformed into Flame-Retarded Polyurethanes
PublicationThe growing number of polyurethanes (PUs) produced every year has developed methods for their mechanical and chemical recycling which yield valuable products like substitutes for commercial polyols or flame-retardants. PUs can be produced in different shapes and forms (i.e., elastomers, flexible or rigid foams, coatings, etc.) using several different components (i.e., di- or polyisocyanates, ester- or ether-based polyols, low-molecular...
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Rigid polyurethane foams modified with selected flame retardants
PublicationThe flame retardants: expandable graphite, triethylphosphatehas been used in rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs). The influence of fillers amounts on processing parameters, physical-mechanical properties (compression strength, density, water absorption, brittleness)and thermal properties (thermal stability) of such foams has been analyzed.The gel, cram and rise time for PUFs modified with flame retardant has been observed during synthesis...
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Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials
PublicationDevelopment of green flame retardants has become a core part of the attention of material scientists and technologists in a paradigm shift from general purpose to specific sustainable products. This work is the first report on the use of coffee biowastes as sustainable flame retardants for epoxy, as a typical highly flammable polymer. We used spent coffee grounds (SCG) as well as SCG chemically modified with phosphorus (P-SCG)...
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Layer-by-layer polymer deposited fabrics with superior flame retardancy and electrical conductivity
PublicationSmart and multifunctional textiles and fabrics are progressively developing, such that multifunctional fabrics are becoming more widespread. We elaborated herein multi-layered flax fabrics with superior flame retardancy and conductivity, which revealed fireproof feature while keeping conductivity during burning. The flax fabric was reinforced by layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of sodium polyacrylate (SPA), polyethylenimine (PEI),...
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Synergistic effect of activated carbon and Ni2O3 in promoting the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene
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Synergistic effect of fumed silica with Ni2O3 on improving flame retardancy of poly(lactic acid)
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Microstructure, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of nanoclay-incorporated polyurethane flexible foam composites
PublicationThe present work seeks to investigate microstructure, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of polyurethane/nanoclay flexible foam composites. In this regard, we prepared various nanocomposites with and without nanoclay and observed the resulting morphologies to correlate them with the other corresponding characteristics. The results provided support for the fact that tensile strength and compression set will increase with...
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Rigid polyurethane foams with different flame retardants and their physical and mechanical properties
PublicationRigid polyurethane foams (PUFs) containing 3, 6 or 9 % of one of of two selected fire retardants (FR): oligomeric ethyl ethylene phosphate (Fyrol PNX) and expandable graphite (EG) were prepared, inspected and compared to foam without that fillers as the control. The thermal stability of PUFs was described by horizontal test according to norm: UL 94 HB. Compressive strength and physical properties (density, fragility and water absorption)...
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Effect of nanosized carbon black on thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
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Effect of particle size on the flame retardancy of poly(butylene succinate)/Mg(OH)2 composites
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Synergistic effect of nickel formate on the thermal and flame-retardant properties of polypropylene
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Simultaneously improving the thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyethylene by the combination of graphene with carbon black
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Investigating the Effect of Aluminum Diethylphosphinate on Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy, and Mechanical Properties of Poly(butylene succinate)
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Correction: Simultaneously improving the thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyethylene by the combination of graphene with carbon black
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Combination of fumed silica with carbon black for simultaneously improving the thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyethylene
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New Transparent Flame-Retardant (FR) Coatings Based on Epoxy-Aluminum Hypophosphite Nanocomposites
PublicationThe present study investigated the flame-retardant (FR) effect of transparent epoxy coating containing aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) nanoparticles (NPs) on polylactic acid (PLA) sheets used as a typical model of combustible polymeric material. First, AHP NPs (≤60 nm) were prepared by a specific two-stage wet milling process and deeply analyzed (morphology, thermal/mechanisms of degradation under nitrogen and air). The thermal properties...
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Flame-Retardant Polymer Materials Developed by Reactive Extrusion: Present Status and Future Perspectives
PublicationThe development of flame retardant polymer materials has two roots, one in materials design, and the other in materials processing. Over recent decades, different types and classes of flame retardant polymer materials have been commercialized to meet safety requirements in the construction, automotive, and coatings industries. In the vast majority of cases, the design and fabrication of new materials presenting low fire hazards...
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Preparation, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability of flame retardant polyethylene with exfoliated MoS2/MxOy
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Physical and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane faoms modified with selected flame retardants or layered silicates
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę pianek poliuretanowych zawierających klasyczne środki uniepalniające oraz nanonapełniacze z grupy glinokrzemianów warstwowych. Zbadano wpływ zarówno nanonapełniaczy na bazie naturalnego montmorylonitu, jak i modyfikowanych glinokrzemianów. Uzyskane spienione poliuretanowe o zmniejszonej palności charakteryzowano z wykorzystaniem różnych technik badawczych, między innymi wykonano badania DMA,...
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Flame retardant epoxy/halloysite nanotubes nanocomposite coatings: Exploring low-concentration threshold for flammability compared to expandable graphite as superior fire retardant
PublicationEpoxy nanocomposites containing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were developed and their low-concentration thresholds for thermal stability and flame retardancy were compared with that of epoxy system containing expandable graphite (EG), as a reference with superior flame retardancy. The effects of HNTs and EG on the peak of Heat Release Rate (pHRR), Total Heat Release (THR), and Time-To-Ignition (TTI) of the prepared samples were...
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Flame retardant effect and mechanism of nanosized NiO as synergist in PLA/APP/CSi-MCA composites
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The Impact of Hybrid Flame Retardant Compositions on the Performance of Foamed Flexible Polyurethane/Ground Tire Rubber Composites
PublicationCurrent sustainability-oriented trends affect polyurethane (PU) materials and stimulate the incorporation of recycled or waste-based materials as fillers. Ground tire rubber (GTR) poses as an auspicious candidate due to the excellent performance of car tires. Despite the benefits related to the mechanical performance, it contributes to the increasing flammability of the resulting composites. Herein, presented work assessed the...
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Synergistic effect of carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes on improving thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene: a combination of a physical network and chemical crosslinking
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Synthesis and thermal studies of flexible polyurethane nanocomposite foams obtained using nanoclay modified with flame retardant compound
PublicationThis work presents thermal studies of nanocomposites based on the flexible polyurethane (PU) matrix and filled using montmorillonite organically modified with organophosphorus flame retardant compound. Flexible PU nanocomposite foams were prepared in the reaction carried out between reactive alcoholic hydroxyl and isocyanate groups with the ratio of NCO to OH groups equal to 1.05. The amount of an organoclay ranging from 3 to 9...
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Synergistic effect of nanoscale carbon black and ammonium polyphosphate on improving thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene: A reactive network for strengthening carbon layer
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Constructing multifunctional nanofiller with reactive interface in PLA/CB-g-DOPO composites for simultaneously improving flame retardancy, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties
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Correction: Synergistic effect of carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes on improving thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene: a combination of a physical network and chemical crosslinking
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Polyhydric SiO2 coating assistant to graft organophosphorus onto glass fabric for simultaneously improving flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites
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The influence of different flame retardants on thermal stability, mechanical and physical properties of rigid polyurethane foams blown with n-pentane
PublicationW artykule opisano wpływ klasycznych uniepalniaczy na właściwości sztywnych pianek poliuretanowych. Opisano 7 układów piankowych oraz wyniki charakterystyki fizyczno-mechanicznej oraz stabilności termicznej.
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Reactive construction of catalytic carbonization system in PP/C60/Ni(OH)2 nanocomposites for simultaneously improving thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties
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Expanded graphite assistant construction of gradient-structured char layer in PBS/Mg(OH)2 composites for improving flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical properties
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A facile hydrous mechano-synthesis of magnesium hydroxide [Hy-Mg(OH)2] nano fillers for flame-retardant polyester composites
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Intumescent flame retardants inspired template-assistant synthesis of N/P dual-doped three-dimensional porous carbons for high-performance supercapacitors
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LES–CMC study of an excited hydrogen flame
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Clays as Inhibitors of Polyurethane Foams’ Flammability
PublicationPolyurethanes are a very important group of polymers with an extensive range of applications in different branches of industry. In the form of foams, they are mainly used in bedding, furniture, building, construction, and automotive sectors. Due to human safety reasons, these applications require an appropriate level of flame retardance, often required by various law regulations. Nevertheless, without the proper modifications,...
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Determination of metals in water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame emission spectrometry
PublicationMetal species in environmental waters are relevant to characterize the metal toxicity, the mobility between different environmental compartments, and for remediation purposes in case of contamination. The concentration of many trace metals in natural water samples are generally at µg/l level. The paper describes determination of metals in water samples based on flame atomic emission and flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Effects of Basalt and Carbon Fillers on Fire Hazard, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of EPDM Rubber Composites
PublicationDue to growing restrictions on the use of halogenated flame retardant compounds, there is great research interest in the development of fillers that do not emit toxic compounds during thermal decomposition. Polymeric composite materials with reduced flammability are increasingly in demand. Here, we demonstrate that unmodified graphene and carbon nanotubes as well as basalt fibers or flakes can act as effective flame retardants...
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A novel stiffener skeleton strategy in catalytic carbonization system with enhanced carbon layer structure and improved fire retardancy
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Different Aspects of the Elemental Analysis of Honey by Flame Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectrometry: A Review
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Buckling of frame braced by linear elastic springs
PublicationIn the design codes and specifications, simplifed formulae or diagrams are given for determining the buckling lengths of frame columns based on the ruling criterion of considering frames as sway or non sway. Due to the fact that, the code formulae utilize onlylocal stifness distributions, these formulae may yield in certain cases rather erroneous results. In most code formulas a case of weakly braced frames is usually not considered.In...
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Hybrid dynamically balanced saw frame drive
PublicationW pilarkach ramowych, w których rama piłowa jest napędzana poprzez mechanizm korbowy, generowana przez ramę piłową siła bezwładności oddziaływuje na fundament pilarki oraz na jej układ napędowy. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono sposób eliminacji tych niekorzystnych zjawisk. Autorzy zaprezentowali dynamicznie wyrównoważony hybrydowy układ napędu ramy piłowej, w którym występuje akumulator energii kinetycznej przyłączony równolegle...
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Study washboarding phenomenon in frame sawing machines
PublicationPraca dotyczy zjawiska washboarding cechującego się powstawaniem na piłowanej powierzchni sinusoidalnego profilu w przekroju poprzecznym i wzdłużnym. Wzór ten jest efektem drgań poprzecznych piły. Przedstawiono wyniki analiz teoretycznych oraz badań eksperymentalnych, w których wykazano, że zjawisko w przypadku pilarek ramowych jest efektem drgań wymuszonych brzeszczotu oraz regeneracji powstałej fali pierwotnej.
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Catalyzing Carbonization of Polypropylene Itself by Supported Nickel Catalyst during Combustion of Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposite for Improving Fire Retardancy
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Study of a Flame Kernel Evolution in a Turbulent Mixing Layer Using LES with a Laminar Chemistry Model
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Understanding of Dementia in the Polish Language: A Frame Semantic Approach
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Formation of novel nanostructures using carbon nanotubes as a frame
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Frame sawing machines for accurate wood re-sawing
PublicationPrzedstawiono zwięzłą historię pilarek ramowych. Zaprezentowano ekologiczne i ekonomiczne zalety pilarek ramowych nowej generacji. Opisano podstawowe cechy układów kinematycznych nowoczesnych pilarek ramowych oraz podano ich podstawowe dane techniczne.
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Injection molding of transparent polymeric materials with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide for enhanced fire retardancy
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Study washboarding phenomenon in fame sawing machines
PublicationPraca dotyczy zjawiska washboarding cechującego się powstawaniem na piłowanej powierzchni sinusoidalnego profilu w przekroju poprzecznym i wzdłużnym. Wzór ten jest efektem drgań poprzecznych piły. Przedstawiono wyniki analiz teoretycznych oraz badań eksperymentalnych, w których wykazano, że zjawisko w przypadku pilarek ramowych jest efektem drgań wymuszonych brzeszczotu oraz regeneracji powstałej fali pierwotnej.