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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: EUROPEAN UNION (EU), RENEWABLES, GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION, FOSSIL FUELS, ENERGY SUPPLY, ENERGY MIX, ENERGY TRANSITION
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The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
Dane BadawczeEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...
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Gini index in selected European Union countries in 2017.
Dane BadawczeWhen assessing the level of poverty, one should use indicators presenting indicators of social inequality in terms of income, indicators of prosperity and poverty. In Poland, the situation in terms of inequality is improving, but as measured by the Gini coefficient.
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Tax on dividend income and income from investments in equity instruments in selected European Union countries
Dane BadawczeThe following data contains the information about the capital gains tax in selected EU countries. Capital gain is understood as an increase in the value of capital, e.g. as a result of an increase in the prices of securities held on the stock exchange, units of funds, exchange rate differences or other assets. This profit may be specified in nominal...
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Tax support mechanisms for research and development projects in EU countries
Dane BadawczeOne of the important areas requiring special support from the state are activities in pro-innovative investments. Tax incentives allocated to research and development are used by practically all European Union countries. Their aim is to persuade entities conducting business activity to invest in the so-called new technologies - defined as the area of...
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Total Goods: EU Trade flows and balance with Iran, 2005-2015 (in millions of USD).
Dane BadawczeThe following dataset shows the volume of trade of the European Union countries with Iran. One can observe a significant drop in both imports and exports (the year 2012 meant tightening of sanctions, which clearly limited the import of Iranian products to the EU). After lifting the sanctions it is expected to substantially increase the level of trade...
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Number of devices accepting electronic payment instruments per million inhabitants in EU countries 2015
Dane BadawczeThis research data presents the number of devices accepting electronic payment instruments per million inhabitants in the EU countries in 2015. It is an element of the so-called the banking index, which in the subject literature is defined as the number of people actively using services banking. It is noted that this coefficient is also an expression...
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The luminescence study ofNaK2Li[Li3SiO4]4:Eu coumpounds.
Dane BadawczeNarrowband green phosphors with high quantum efficiency are required for backlighting white light-emitting diode (WLED) devices. Materials from the A[Li3SiO4]4:Eu2+ family have recently been proposed as having superior properties to industry-standard β-SiAlON green phosphors. Here, we show that a cheap, easily synthesized host NaK2Li[Li3SiO4]4 (NKLLSO)...
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Mechanisms for supporting electric vehicle purchasers in selected European countries in 2011-2016
Dane BadawczeThe European authorities have not developed a single common preference model for electric car buyers within the Union. Different countries have decided on different solutions. The following dataset presents mechanisms for supporting electric vehicle purchasers in selected European countries in years 2011-2016, including both economical (in the form...
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The structure of electricity production in Poland (data as at the end of 2010)
Dane BadawczeThe energy market in Poland is characterized primarily by the use of only one raw material for the production of electricity. In 2010, as much as 91.4% of electricity was produced on the basis of hard coal or lignite. Therefore, the remaining sources used for the production of electricity participated in the production of electricity to a small extent....
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Luminescence properties of TeOx-Eu gels
Dane BadawczeThe DataSet contains the emission and excitation spectra of TeOx-Eu gels. The material was obtained by the sol-gel method. The starting solution was prepared by mixing telluric acid (precursor) with thetraetylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Next, the 5% mol of europium ions were added, the nitrates were used as a source of rare-earth ions. The sol...
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Possibility of joint settlement with the spouse / partner in individual EU countries (2017)
Dane BadawczeThe method of avoiding tax progression known in Poland, consisting in settling income together with the spouse (and in certain cases also the child), the system of this specific relief is also present in other European Union countries such as: Belgium, Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Spain, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Germany, Portugal, UK...
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de mininis state aid for entrepreneurs in EU law
Dane BadawczeThis dataset will provide basic information on the legislation regarding the de minimis state aid under EU law, and some literature explaining the nature and effects of the de minimis state aid for entrepreneurs in some EU Member States in the budgetary period 2014-2020. As this kind of state aid admissible under the GBER, the individual decisions of...
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Visualization of the surface of the Nafion membrane
Dane BadawczeFuel cells use the chemical energy of hydrogen or other fuels to produce electricity. If the fuel is hydrogen, the only products are electricity, water and heat. Fuel cells are unique in the variety of their potential applications, they can use a wide variety of fuels. They are also highly scalable devices that can power both cars and mobile phones....
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Structure and optical measurements of Eu doped tellurium oxide thin films
Dane BadawczeThin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering method and simultaneously heated at 200 oC. Presence of Eu ions and their valence states was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements. The structure of the films as well as the influence of europium dopant on crystalline structure of the films was examined by X-ray diffraction method. ...
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Optical properties of TeOx gels doped with a mix of rare-earth ions
Dane BadawczeThe DataSet contains the UV-Vis spectra of the TeOx gels doped with a mix of rare-earth ions. The material was obtained by the sol-gel method. The starting solution was prepared by mixing telluric acid (precursor) with thetraetylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Next, the different molar concentration of rare-earth ions was added, nitrates were used...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and selected EU countries in 2012
Dane BadawczeIn 2012, Poland was sixth in the ranking of the number of enterprises in selected European Union countries. In total, 22 million companies conduct business in the countries of the Community. However, when analyzing these values in relative numbers (calculated as the number of enterprises per 1000 inhabitants), Poland ranks only 22nd among the Member...
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The chemical and mechanical pressure influence on chromium luminescence
Dane BadawczeIn this study, we aim to compare the changes in the luminescence properties of Ga2O3:Cr3+ modified by Al or Sc ion substitution (chemical pressure) and hydrostatic pressure. We find the same behavior for Ga2–xAlxO3:Cr3+ and different behavior for Ga2–xScxO3:Cr3+ in terms of the optical properties under chemical and mechanical pressure. We consider Al...
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THERMION-C2S_0301 Phase transition in Cu1.96Se
Dane BadawczeInvestigation of a phase transition in Cu1.96Se was investigated. The data contains results of thermal analysis (DSC) and thermoelectric properties measurements. These measurements were performed with different heating and cooling rates. Structure and elemental composition were also analysed. The data shows the influence of the kinetics of the transition...
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Luminescence properties of TeOx-Eu thin films
Dane BadawczeThe DataSet contains the emission and excitation spectra of TeOx-Eu thin films. The material was obtained by the sol-gel method. The starting solution was prepared by mixing telluric acid (precursor) with thetraetylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Next, the 5% mol of europium ions were added, the nitrates were used as a source of rare-earth ions. The...
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EU state aid within the Rural Development Program 2014-2020
Dane BadawczeThis dataset is a combination of EU and Polish legislation on the state aid in the agriculture sector, selected literature and few exemples of European Commission decisions on projects initiated in some EC Member States during the budgetary period 2014-2020. Careful reading of the materials will allow to review some effects of the state aid granted...
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy studies of salivary gland stones
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains the high-resolution XPS studies for 23 cross-sections of salivary gland stones. The sialoliths were cut to determine the differences in composition between various regions: core (labeled as R), interlayer (labeled as P) and sialolith surface (labeled as Z).
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Tax discount for children deducted from income in selected EU countries, available according to the criterion of the number of children (in EUR) in 2017
Dane BadawczeDespite the far-reaching harmonization of collection mechanisms and the amount of VAT and excise duty rates in the European Union, individual countries, as a rule, conduct individual income tax policies, including a system of reliefs and exemptions. It is worth noting that, as shown below, each European Union country uses at least one method of supporting...
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TEM (transmission electron microscopy) images and elemental mapping EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) of bulk boron and borophene obtained during ball milling
Dane BadawczeThese data contain TEM (transmission electron microscopy) images with corresponding elemental mapping EDX of bulk boron and borophene flakes after the ball-milling process (450 rpm, 6 h, 1 g). The data were collected to investigate the structure and morphology of the materials.
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Images revealing the effect of local femtosecond laser ablation of conductive poly(lactic acid) 3D printed electrodes
Dane BadawczeThe dataset reveals the images of the femtosecond laser (FSL) ablation at the surface of commercially available carbon black-filled poly(lactic acid) 3D printed electrode. The process is used for the increase of the charge transfer of this electrode in electrochemical studies.
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Transition dipole moment functions of the KRb molecule
Dane BadawczeElectronic transition dipole moment functions (TDMF) have been calculated for the singlet (s) and triplet (t) Sigma+ (S+), Pi (P), and Delta (D) electronic states of the KRb molecule. TDMFs are needed in understanding processes like photodissociation, photoassociation, cooling, and trapping of molecules. All results of the transition dipole moments...
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Change of exhaust gases concentration for SOFC fueled by H2 and biogas mixture at 750 C
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the Change of exhaust gases concentration for SOFC fueled by H2 (for 12h) and biogas mixture at 750 C (60:40 CH4:CO2). The outlet concentration of the gases from SOFC were measured using novel FTIR-based unit.
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The radiated immunity test of an astable multivibrator for various supply voltages
Dane BadawczeThe dataset presents a result of measurements that are a part of electromagnetic field immunity tests. The radiated, radio frequency, immunity tests were carried out for a typical astable electronic multivibrator supplied from a power supply with an output voltage of 6V and 7.5 V. Tests of immunity of electronic systems to radiated radio frequency (RF)...
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COVID-19 tax response of selected European countries
Dane BadawczeA large part of the aid mechanisms offered by individual European countries in connection with the outbreak of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic concerned the granting of the so-called tax preferences. It should be noted that a tax preference is any deviation from the adopted tax rules, resulting in a reduction of the final tax burden. The...
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The conducted immunity test of a power supply unit in accordance with EMC standards
Dane BadawczeThe dataset presents a result of measurements that are a part of immunity tests to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields. The immunity tests were carried out on the mains cable of the DF1723003TC NDN power supply. Tests of immunity of electronic systems to conducted disturbances in the frequency range from 150 kHz to 230 MHz are...
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Relation of expenditure on Research and Development to GDP in EU countries (2009-2012)
Dane BadawczeThe presented dataset shows that most countries increased their R&D spending - 16 of those 26 members of the European Union for which Eurostat has complete data did so. This also translated into the average ratio for the entire Community, in 2012 it amounted to 2.06% of GDP compared to 2.01% in 2009. The most severely limited their expenses were...
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Luminescence properties of TeOx-Eu thin films annealing under an oxidizing atmosphere
Dane BadawczeThe DataSet contains the emission and excitation spectra of TeOx-Eu thin films. The material was obtained by the sol-gel method. The starting solution was prepared by mixing telluric acid (precursor) with thetraetylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Next, the 5% mol of europium ions were added, the nitrates were used as a source of rare-earth ions. The...
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The structure of the enterprise sector by size in Poland and the EU-28 in 2017
Dane BadawczeThe majority (99.8%) of companies in the EU countries are micro, small and medium-sized enterprises - see chart. The situation is similar in Poland, but the structure of the SME sector is slightly different from that observed in the EU. In Poland, the share of micro-enterprises in the total number of enterprises is higher than in the EU countries (95.5%...
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XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) survey spectra of CPMD and CPMH
Dane BadawczeXPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) survey spectra of CPMD and CPMH. XPS spectra were obtained using Al Kɑ (hv=1486.6 eV) radiation with a Prevac system equipped with a Scienta SES 2002 electron energy analyzer operating at constant transmission energy (Ep=50 eV). Sample abbreviations (CPMD, CPMH) are in agreement with the markings used in the linked...
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Dual role of oxygen-related defects in the luminescence kinetics of AlNMn2+
Dane BadawczeThis dataset presents the impact of temperature and pressure on AlN:Mn2+ luminescence kinetics. Unusual behavior of Mn2+ optical properties during UV excitation is observed, where a strong afterglow luminescence of Mn2+ occurs even at low temperatures. When the temperature increases, the contribution of the afterglow luminescence is further enhanced,...
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Autocorrelation function for the chosen effective potential of the diatomic silver anion
Dane BadawczeThe process of a two-channel decay of the diatomic silver anion (Ag2-), namely the spontaneous electron ejection giving Ag2 + e- and the dissociation leading to Ag- + Ag is theoretically studied. The ground state potential energy curves (PECs) of the neutral silver dimer and anionic silver diatomic molecule are calculated using the single reference...
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Gold nanocubic structures functionalization with organic layers
Dane BadawczeThis dataset contains the XPS spectra obtained for gold nanocubes (AuNC), which were deposited at the gold electrode surface and dried. The AuNC's were first functionalized with either cysteamine in EtOH or mercaptopropionic acid in EtOH. The concentration of these compounds was 20 mM. The interaction of the functionalized with the AuNC surface was...
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Investigation of the uniformity of TeO2:Eu layer
Dane BadawczeTeO2 doped by Eu thin films manufactured by magnetron sputtering method were measured by XPS method. Te-Eu mosaic target with diameter of 50.8 mm was sputtered for about 45 min in argon-oxygen atmosphere what resulted in 300 nm film thickness deposition. The pressure in the deposition chamber was below 0.2 Pa and substrate was heated at 200 oC during...
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Change of exhaust gases concentration for LSCNT modified SOFC fueled by biogas mixture at 750 C
Dane BadawczeThe dataset changes of exhaust gases concentrations (CH4,CO,CO2,H2) over working time for SOFC with La0.27Sr0.54Ce0.09Ni0.1Ti0.9O3-s layer. Concentrations were calculated based on the FTIR measurements and calibration files presented in coupled dataset.
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The 2p XPS spectra of transition metals in Ce0.9M0.1O2
Dane BadawczeThe dataset consists of 2p XPS spectra of transition metals in Ce0.9M0.1O2 where (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis (XPS) was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectrometer Omnicron NanoTechnology with 128-channel collector. XPS measurements were undertaken in ultra-high vacuum conditions, below 1.1x10-8 mbar. Photoelectrons...
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The changes of outlet gases concentrations from SOFC with Ce(Pr,Sm)O2-s layers
Dane BadawczeThe dataset includes The changes of outlet gases concentrations from SOFC with Ce(Pr,Sm)O2-s layers. Samples were produced using aqueous soft chemistry methods (microemulsion method) and applied in form of a layer onto the anode of the commercial SOFC. The SOFC was working under biogas feeding.
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RES - % share in Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia
Dane BadawczeThe "RES in percentages" file shows the share of energy productionelectricity by source in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the years 2000 – 2022.
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Influence of the annealing condictions on the chemical structure of LaBaGdCo ceramics
Dane BadawczeCeramic samples based on Barium, Lanthanum, Gadolinium and Cobaltium were produced by solid state reaction. After sintring in a furnance, samples were annealed at 300 Celsius degree in wet and dry atmosphere. Annealing takes 72h or 2h. Results of annealing were observed by X-Ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), OmicronNanotechnology. XPS analysis...
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XPS data of MXene catalyst
Dane BadawczeData contain results from XPS measurement of the Ti3C2Tx MXenes produced via acidic etching aluminum from MAX Phase (Ti3C2-Al-Ti3C2-Al-Ti3C2) using 48% HF etching agent (MXene HF). The X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were conducted using Mg Ka (hn = 1253.6 eV) radiation in a Prevac (Poland) system equipped with a Scienta SES 2002 (Sweden) electron...
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Countries with the highest and the lowest electricity consumption per capita in 1998, kWh / c
Dane BadawczeFor several years, domestic electricity consumption has been growing (the average annual growth rate of electricity consumption for 2005-2010 is 2.75%). The increase in demand for electricity is related to the continuous development of the Polish economy, the enrichment of society and the growing, year by year, industrial production. It should be noted...
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Valence state of Manganium in a MnCoO ceramics
Dane BadawczeManganium -cobalt based ceramics materials were produced by solid state reaction and sintred in a furnance in air atmosphere for 20h. Annealing temperature was 600 Celsius degree. For investigations a series of samples, with a various composition was chosen: MnCoO, Mn, Co2O and Mn2CoO. In order to determine valence states of the Mn, X-Ray photoemission...
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Lanthanum investigations in ceramics annealed in a dry and wet atmosphere
Dane BadawczeCeramics based on Barium, Lanthanum, Gadolinium and Cobaltium were produced by standard solid state reaction from oxides and carbonate powders. After sintring, samples were annealed for 2 hours or 72 hours at 300 Celsius degree in a both: wet and dry atmosphere. Results of annealing on a chemical composition and valence state of lanthanum were observed...
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Luminescence of TeO2:Eu thin films
Dane BadawczeTellurium dioxide doped by europium thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering method and simultaneously heated at 200 oC. Presence of Eu ions and their valence states was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements. The structure of the films as well as the influence of europium dopant on crystalline structure of the films was...
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Measurements of radiation emission of a portable power bank with a capacity of 10400 mAh
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the emission measurement results that are part of comprehensive tests carried out for portable power banks with different capacities. The measurements were performed in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 3 GHz using a Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell (Fig. 1). The test setup was configured to measure a portable power...
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Change of exhaust gases concentration for reference SOFC and SOFC with LSCNT layer fueled by biogas mixture at 750 C
Dane BadawczeThe dataset changes of exhaust gases concentrations (CH4,CO,CO2,H2) over working time for SOFC with La0.27Sr0.54Ce0.09Ni0.1Ti0.9O3-s layer as well as reference SOFEC (unmodified). Concentrations were calculated based on the FTIR measurements and calibration curves presented in different dataset. Longterm measurements of SOFC were performed using in-house...
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Measurements of radiation emission of a portable power bank with a capacity of 5200 mAh
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the emission measurement results that are part of comprehensive tests carried out for portable power banks with different capacities. The measurements were performed in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 3 GHz using a Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell. The test setup was configured to measure a portable power bank...